Abstract: The textile industry plays a major role in the economy
of India and on the other side of the coin it is the major source for
water pollution. As azo dyes is the largest dye class they are
extensively used in many fields such as textile industry, leather
tanning industry, paper production, food, color photography,
pharmaceuticals and medicine, cosmetic, hair colorings, wood
staining, agricultural, biological and chemical research etc. In
addition to these, they can have acute and/or chronic effects on
organisms depending on their concentration and length of exposure
when they discharged as effluent in the environment. The aim of this
study was to assess the genotoxic and histotoxic potentials of
environmentally relevant concentrations of C. I. Reactive Red 120
(RR 120) on Catla catla, important edible freshwater fingerlings. For
this, healthy Catla catla fingerlings were procured from the
Government Fish Farm and acclimatized in 100 L capacity and
continuously aerated glass aquarium in laboratory for 15 days.
According to APHA some physic-chemical parameters were
measured and maintained such as temperature, pH, dissolve oxygen,
alkalinity, total hardness. Water along with excreta had been changed
every 24 hrs. All fingerlings were fed artificial food palates once a
day @ body weight. After 15 days fingerlings were grouped in 5 (10
in each) and exposed to various concentrations of RR 120 (Control,
10, 20, 30 and 40 mg.l-1) and samples (peripheral blood and gills,
kidney) were collected and analyzed at 96 hrs. All results were
compared with the control. Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB),
fragmented-apoptotic (FA) and bi-nucleated (BN) cells in blood
smears and in tissues (gills and kidney cells) were observed.
Prominent histopathological alterations were noticed in gills such as
aneurism, hyperplasia, degenerated central axis, lifting of gill
epithelium, curved secondary gill lamellae etc. Similarly kidney
showed some detrimental changes like shrunken glomeruli with
increased periglomerular space, degenerated renal tubules etc. Both
haematological and histopathological changes clearly reveal the toxic
potential of RR 120. This work concludes that water pollution
assessment can be done by these two biomarkers which provide
baseline to the further chromosomal or molecular work.
Abstract: Experiments were carried out on the survival and growth of Rasbora daniconius, Puntius ticto and Puntius conchonius. The motivation of the study was to obtain information for growing the fish on a commercial scale for their use as biological control agents against mosquito larvae. The effects of temperature, total hardness, DO, pH and feed on the growth of fish were also investigated. Excessive value of total hardness was found because very rich calcium ion is present in Chitrakoot area. There was significant increases in growth rates of fish as temperature was increased from 280C to 300C. Further increases in temperature up to 320C, did not further affect growth. The positive and highly significant correlations 0.991488, 0.9581 and 0.9935 were found between length and weight of P. ticto, P. conchonius and R. daniconius respectively. The regression was significant at 5% level of probability.