Abstract: Musculoskeletal problems are common in high
performance dance population. This study attempts to identify lower
extremity muscle flexibility parameters prevailing among
bharatanatyam dancers and analyze if there is any significant
difference exist between normal and injured dancers in flexibility
parameters. Four hundred and one female dancers and 17 male
dancers were participated in this study. Flexibility parameters
(hamstring tightness, hip internal and external rotation and
tendoachilles in supine and sitting posture) were measured using
goniometer. Results of our study it is evident that injured female
bharathnatyam dancers had significantly (p < 0.05) high hamstring
tightness on left side lower extremity compared to normal female
dancers. The range of motion for left tendoachilles was significantly
(p < 0.05) high for the normal female group when compared to
injured dancers during supine lying posture. Majority of the injured
dancers had high hamstring tightness that could be a possible reason
for pain and MSDs.
Abstract: Fast delay estimation methods, as opposed to
simulation techniques, are needed for incremental performance
driven layout synthesis. On-chip inductive effects are becoming
predominant in deep submicron interconnects due to increasing clock
speed and circuit complexity. Inductance causes noise in signal
waveforms, which can adversely affect the performance of the circuit
and signal integrity. Several approaches have been put forward which
consider the inductance for on-chip interconnect modelling. But for
even much higher frequency, of the order of few GHz, the shunt
dielectric lossy component has become comparable to that of other
electrical parameters for high speed VLSI design. In order to cope up
with this effect, on-chip interconnect has to be modelled as
distributed RLCG line. Elmore delay based methods, although
efficient, cannot accurately estimate the delay for RLCG interconnect
line. In this paper, an accurate analytical delay model has been
derived, based on first and second moments of RLCG
interconnection lines. The proposed model considers both the effect
of inductance and conductance matrices. We have performed the
simulation in 0.18μm technology node and an error of as low as less
as 5% has been achieved with the proposed model when compared to
SPICE. The importance of the conductance matrices in interconnect
modelling has also been discussed and it is shown that if G is
neglected for interconnect line modelling, then it will result an delay
error of as high as 6% when compared to SPICE.
Abstract: This paper investigates the inverse problem of determining
the unknown time-dependent leading coefficient in the parabolic
equation using the usual conditions of the direct problem and an additional
condition. An algorithm is developed for solving numerically
the inverse problem using the technique of space decomposition in a
reproducing kernel space. The leading coefficients can be solved by a
lower triangular linear system. Numerical experiments are presented
to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.