Abstract: The quality control procedures of a radiopharmaceutical include the assessment of its chemical purity. The method suggested by international pharmacopeias consists of a thin layer chromatographic run. In this paper, the method proposed by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is compared to a direct method to determine the final concentration of aminopolyether in Fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) preparations. The approach (no chromatographic run) was achieved by placing the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate directly on an iodine vapor chamber. Both methods were validated and they showed adequate results to determine the concentration of aminopolyether in 18F-FDG preparations. However, the direct method is more sensitive, faster and simpler when compared to the reference method (with chromatographic run), and it may be chosen for use in routine quality control of 18F-FDG.
Abstract: The development of solutions to improve the resistance of buildings to short-term dynamic loads, particularly impact load, is driven by the urgent demand worldwide on securing human life and critical infrastructures. The research training group GRK 2250/1 aims to develop mineral-bonded composites that allow the fabrication of thin-layered strengthening layers providing available concrete members with enhanced impact resistance. This paper presents the development of 3D woven wire cellular structures that can be used as innovative reinforcement for targeted composites. 3D woven wire cellular structures are truss-like architectures that can be fabricated in an automatized process with a great customization possibility. The specific architecture allows this kind of structures to have good load bearing capability and forming behavior, which is of great potential to give strength against impact loading. An appropriate combination of topology and material enables an optimal use of thin-layered reinforcement in concrete constructions.
Abstract: Substandard and counterfeit antimalarials is a major problem in malaria endemic areas. The availability of counterfeit/ substandard medicines is not only decreasing the efficacy in patients, but it is also one of the contributing factors for developing antimalarial drug resistance. Owing to this, a pilot study was conducted to survey quality of drugs collected from different malaria endemic areas of India. Artesunate+Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AS+SP), Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL), Chloroquine (CQ) tablets were randomly picked from public health facilities in selected states of India. The quality of antimalarial drugs from these areas was assessed by using Global Pharma Health Fund Minilab test kit. This includes physical/visual inspection and disintegration test. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out for semi-quantitative assessment of active pharmaceutical ingredients. A total of 45 brands, out of which 21 were for CQ, 14 for AL and 10 for AS+SP were tested from Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Mizoram, Meghalaya and Gujrat states. One out of 45 samples showed variable disintegration and retension factor. The variable disintegration and retention factor which would have been due to substandard quality or other factors including storage. However, HPLC analysis confirms standard active pharmaceutical ingredient, but may be due to humid temperature and moisture in storage may account for the observed result.
Abstract: Numerical studies have been carried out using a two
dimensional code to examine the influence of pressure / thrust
transient of solid propellant rockets at liftoff. This code solves
unsteady Reynolds-averaged thin-layer Navier–Stokes equations by
an implicit LU-factorization time-integration method. The results
from the parametric study indicate that when the port is narrow there
is a possibility of increase in pressure / thrust-rise rate due to
relatively high flame spread rate. Parametric studies further reveal
that flame spread rate can be altered by altering the propellant
properties, igniter jet characteristics and nozzle closure burst pressure
without altering the grain configuration and/or the mission
demanding thrust transient. We observed that when the igniter
turbulent intensity is relatively low the vehicle could liftoff early due
to the early flow choking of the rocket nozzle. We concluded that the
high pressurization-rate has structural implications at liftoff in
addition to transient burning effect. Therefore prudent selection of the
port geometry and the igniter, for meeting the mission requirements,
within the given envelop are meaningful objectives for any designer
for the smooth liftoff of solid propellant rockets.
Abstract: Thirty three re-wetting tests were conducted at
different combinations of temperatures (5.7- 46.30C) and relative
humidites (48.2-88.6%) with barley. Two most commonly used thinlayer
drying and rewetting models i.e. Page and Diffusion were
compared for their ability to the fit the experimental re-wetting data
based on the standard error of estimate (SEE) of the measured and
simulated moisture contents. The comparison shows both the Page
and Diffusion models fit the re-wetting experimental data of barley
well. The average SEE values for the Page and Diffusion models
were 0.176 % d.b. and 0.199 % d.b., respectively. The Page and
Diffusion models were found to be most suitable equations, to
describe the thin-layer re-wetting characteristics of barley over a
typically five day re-wetting. These two models can be used for the
simulation of deep-bed re-wetting of barley occurring during
ventilated storage and deep bed drying.
Abstract: This paper proposes the concept of aerocapture with
aerodynamic-environment-adaptive variable geometry flexible
aeroshell that vehicle deploys. The flexible membrane is composed
of thin-layer film or textile as its aeroshell in order to solve some
problems obstructing realization of aerocapture technique.
Multi-objective optimization study is conducted to investigate
solutions and derive design guidelines. As a result, solutions which
can avoid aerodynamic heating and enlarge the corridor width up
to 10% are obtained successfully, so that the effectiveness of this
concept can be demonstrated. The deformation-use optimum
solution changes its drag coefficient from 1.6 to 1.1, along with the
change in dynamic pressure. Moreover, optimization results show
that deformation-use solution requires the membrane for which
upper temperature limit and strain limit are more than 700 K and
120%, respectively, and elasticity (Young-s modulus) is of order of
106 Pa.