Abstract: To improve students’ skill, writing is the most challenging skill to be developed. The reason is that besides helping the students to develop their skill, this activity also helps them to express themselves. This paper depicts how paraphrasing is very helpful to interpret students’ writing. Syntactic units, used tenses and meanings will indeed change once the writings were paraphrased. The objectives of this research are to reveal the inappropriate structure of syntactic units, to show what types of sentences the students often make, and to show how paraphrasing can help to infer the message. The methodology of this research is descriptive qualitative research. In addition, theories of linguistics are also included. This includes theory of Syntax to describe syntactic units and tenses and theory of Semantics to describe theories of meaning and how paraphrasing works. The theories of general linguistics, grammar and writing are also provided to support the theories of Syntax and Semantics. The results of this research are concerned with how the message is received in the end. The message written in the students’ essay is not clear because of the improper structure of syntactic units and use of incorrect of tenses. The students tend to use simple sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences with a few mistakes in their writing. In addition, they tend to create unnecessary phrases. The last point is that this research shows how paraphrase works to attain complete meaning of a sentence.
Abstract: With the proliferation of World Wide Web,
development of web-based technologies and the growth in web
content, the structure of a website becomes more complex and web
navigation becomes a critical issue to both web designers and users.
In this paper we define the content and web pages as two important
and influential factors in website navigation and paraphrase the
enhancement in the website navigation as making some useful
changes in the link structure of the website based on the
aforementioned factors. Then we suggest a new method for
proposing the changes using fuzzy approach to optimize the website
architecture. Applying the proposed method to a real case of Iranian
Civil Aviation Organization (CAO) website, we discuss the results of
the novel approach at the final section.