Abstract: To reduce the carbon dioxide emission into the
atmosphere, adsorption is believed to be one of the most attractive
methods for post-combustion treatment of flue gas. In this work,
activated carbon (AC) was modified by polyethylenimine (PEI) via
impregnation in order to enhance CO2 adsorption capacity. The
adsorbents were produced at 0.04, 0.16, 0.22, 0.25, and 0.28 wt%
PEI/AC. The adsorption was carried out at a temperature range from
30 °C to 75 °C and five different gas pressures up to 1 atm. TG-DTA,
FT-IR, UV-visible spectrometer, and BET were used to characterize
the adsorbents. Effects of PEI loading on the AC for the CO2
adsorption were investigated. Effectiveness of the adsorbents on the
CO2 adsorption including CO2 adsorption capacity and adsorption
temperature was also investigated. Adsorption capacities of CO2 were
enhanced with the increase in the amount of PEI from 0.04 to 0.22
wt% PEI before the capacities decreased onwards from0.25 wt% PEI
at 30 °C. The 0.22 wt% PEI/AC showed higher adsorption capacity
than the AC for adsorption at 50 °C to 75 °C.
Abstract: In a world worried about water resources with the
shadow of drought and famine looming all around, the quality of
water is as important as its quantity. The source of all concerns is the
constant reduction of per capita quality water for different uses.
Iran With an average annual precipitation of 250 mm compared to
the 800 mm world average, Iran is considered a water scarce country
and the disparity in the rainfall distribution, the limitations of
renewable resources and the population concentration in the margins
of desert and water scarce areas have intensified the problem.
The shortage of per capita renewable freshwater and its poor
quality in large areas of the country, which have saline, brackish or
hard water resources, and the profusion of natural and artificial
pollutant have caused the deterioration of water quality.
Among methods of treatment and use of these waters one can refer
to the application of membrane technologies, which have come into
focus in recent years due to their great advantages. This process is
quite efficient in eliminating multi-capacity ions; and due to the
possibilities of production at different capacities, application as
treatment process in points of use, and the need for less energy in
comparison to Reverse Osmosis processes, it can revolutionize the
water and wastewater sector in years to come. The article studied the
different capacities of water resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman
Sea watershed basins, and processes the possibility of using
nanofiltration process to treat brackish and non-conventional waters
in these basins.
Abstract: Due to the deregulation of the Electric Supply
Industry and the resulting emergence of electricity market, the
volumes of power purchases are on the rise all over the world. In a
bid to meet the customer-s demand in a reliable and yet economic
manner, utilities purchase power from the energy market over and
above its own production. This paper aims at developing an optimal
power purchase model with two objectives viz economy and
environment ,taking various functional operating constraints such as
branch flow limits, load bus voltage magnitudes limits, unit capacity
constraints and security constraints into consideration.The price of
purchased power being an uncertain variable is modeled using fuzzy
logic. DEMO (Differential Evolution For Multi-objective
Optimization) is used to obtain the pareto-optimal solution set of the
multi-objective problem formulated. Fuzzy set theory has been
employed to extract the best compromise non-dominated solution.
The results obtained on IEEE 30 bus system are presented and
compared with that of NSGAII.
Abstract: Nowadays, hard disk is one of the most popular storage components. In hard disk industry, the hard disk drive must pass various complex processes and tested systems. In each step, there are some failures. To reduce waste from these failures, we must find the root cause of those failures. Conventionall data analysis method is not effective enough to analyze the large capacity of data. In this paper, we proposed the Hough method for straight line detection that helps to detect straight line defect patterns that occurs in hard disk drive. The proposed method will help to increase more speed and accuracy in failure analysis.
Abstract: The Japanese integrative approach to social systems
can be observed in supply chain management as well as in the
relationship between public and private sectors. Both the Lean
Production System and the Developmental State Model are
characterized by efforts towards the achievement of mutual goals,
resulting in initiatives for capacity building which emphasize the
system level. In Brazil, although organizations undertake efforts to
build capabilities at the individual and organizational levels, the
system level is being neglected. Fieldwork data confirmed the findings
of other studies in terms of the lack of integration in supply chain
management in the Brazilian automobile industry. Moreover, due to
the absence of an active role of the Brazilian state in its relationship
with the private sector, automakers are not fully exploiting the
opportunities in the domestic and regional markets. For promoting a
higher level of economic growth as well as to increase the degree of
spill-over of technologies and techniques, a more integrative approach
is needed.
Abstract: Most electrical distribution systems are incurring large
losses as the loads are wide spread, inadequate reactive power
compensation facilities and their improper control. A typical static
VAR compensator consists of capacitor bank in binary sequential
steps operated in conjunction with a thyristor controlled reactor of the
smallest step size. This SVC facilitates stepless control of reactive
power closely matching with load requirements so as to maintain
power factor nearer to unity. This type of SVC-s requiring a
appropriately controlled TCR. This paper deals with an air cored
reactor suitable for distribution transformer of 3phase, 50Hz, Dy11,
11KV/433V, 125 KVA capacity. Air cored reactors are designed,
built, tested and operated in conjunction with capacitor bank in five
binary sequential steps. It is established how the delta connected TCR
minimizes the harmonic components and the operating range for
various electrical quantities as a function of firing angle is
investigated. In particular firing angle v/s line & phase currents, D.C.
components, THD-s, active and reactive powers, odd and even triplen
harmonics, dominant characteristic harmonics are all investigated and
range of firing angle is fixed for satisfactory operation. The harmonic
spectra for phase and line quantities at specified firing angles are
given. In case the TCR is operated within the bound specified in this
paper established through simulation studies are yielding the best
possible operating condition particularly free from all dominant
harmonics.
Abstract: Contamination of aromatic compounds in water can
cause severe long-lasting effects not only for biotic organism but also
on human health. Several alternative technologies for remediation of
polluted water have been attempted. One of these is adsorption
process of aromatic compounds by using organic modified clay
mineral. Porous structure of clay is potential properties for molecular
adsorptivity and it can be increased by immobilizing hydrophobic
structure to attract organic compounds. In this work natural
montmorillonite were modified with cetyltrimethylammonium
(CTMA+) and was evaluated for use as adsorbents of aromatic
compounds: benzene, toluene, and 2-chloro phenol in its single and
multicomponent solution by ethanol:water solvent. Preparation of
CTMA-montmorillonite was conducted by simple ion exchange
procedure and characterization was conducted by using x-day
diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infra red (FTIR) and gas
sorption analysis. The influence of structural modification of
montmorillonite on its adsorption capacity and adsorption affinity of
organic compound were studied. It was shown that adsorptivity of
montmorillonite was increased by modification associated with
arrangements of CTMA+ in the structure even the specific surface
area of modified montmorillonite was lower than raw
montmorillonite. Adsorption rate indicated that material has affinity
to adsorb compound by following order: benzene> toluene > 2-chloro
phenol. The adsorption isotherms of benzene and toluene showed 1st
order adsorption kinetic indicating a partition phenomenon of
compounds between the aqueous and organophilic CTMAmontmorillonite.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the strategic stochastic air traffic flow management problem which seeks to balance airspace capacity and demand under weather disruptions. The goal is to reduce the need for myopic tactical decisions that do not account for probabilistic knowledge about the NAS near-future states. We present and discuss a scenario-based modeling approach based on a time-space stochastic process to depict weather disruption occurrences in the NAS. A solution framework is also proposed along with a distributed implementation aimed at overcoming scalability problems. Issues related to this implementation are also discussed.
Abstract: In order to study pressed pile test and ultimate bearing
capacity character of large-diameter steel pipe pile, based on two high-piled wharfs of Zhanjiang Port, pressed pile test and numerical simulation of three large-diameter steel pipe piles are analyzed in this
paper. Anchored pile method is used to pressed pile test, and the
curves of Q-s and ultimate bearing capacity are attained. Then the three piles are numerically simulated by ABAQUS, and results of numerical simulation and those of field test are comparatively analyzed. The results show that settlement value of numerical
simulation is larger than that of field test in the process of loading, the difference value is widening with the increasing of load, and the
ultimate difference value of settlement is 20% to 30%.
Abstract: Hexavalent chromium is highly toxic to most living organisms and a known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure. Therefore, treatment of Cr(VI) contaminated wastewater is essential before their discharge to the natural water bodies. Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) can be beneficial because a more mobile and more toxic chromium species is converted to a less mobile and less toxic form. Zero-valence-state metals, such as scrap iron, can serve as electron donors for reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The influence of pH on scrap iron capacity to reduce Cr(VI) was investigated in this study. Maximum reduction capacity of scrap iron was observed at the beginning of the column experiments; the lower the pH, the greater the experiment duration with maximum scrap iron reduction capacity. The experimental results showed that highest maximum reduction capacity of scrap iron was 12.5 mg Cr(VI)/g scrap iron, at pH 2.0, and decreased with increasing pH up to 1.9 mg Cr(VI)/g scrap iron at pH = 7.3.
Abstract: This study deals with evaluation of influence of salinity (NaCl) onto equilibrium of Cu and Ni removal from aqueous solutions by natural sorbent – zeolite. Equilibrium data were obtained by batch experiments. The salinity of the aqueous solution was influenced by dissolving NaCl in distilled water. It was studied in the range of NaCl concentrations from 1 g.l-1 to 100g.l-1. For Cu sorption there is a significant influence of salinity. The maximum capacity of zeolite for Cu was decreasing with growing concentration of NaCl. For Ni sorption there is not so significant influence of salinity as for Cu. The maximum capacity of zeolite for Ni was slightly decreasing with growing concentration of NaCl.
Abstract: At the present, auto part industries have become higher challenge in strategy market. As this consequence, manufacturers need to have better response to customers in terms of quality, cost, and delivery time. Moreover, they need to have a good management in factory to comply with international standard maximum capacity and lower cost. This would lead companies to have to order standard part from aboard and become the major cost of inventory. The development of auto part research by recycling materials experiment is to compare the auto parts from recycle materials to international auto parts (CKD). Factors studied in this research were the recycle material ratios of PU-foam, felt, and fabric. Results of recycling materials were considered in terms of qualities and properties on the parameters such as weight, sound absorption, water absorption, tensile strength, elongation, and heat resistance with the CKD. The results were showed that recycling materials would be used to replace for the CKD.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to construct a creativity
composite index designed to capture the growing role of creativity in
driving economic and social development for the 27 European Union
countries.
The paper proposes a new approach for the measurement of EU-27
creative potential and for determining its capacity to attract and
develop creative human capital. We apply a modified version of the
3T model developed by Richard Florida and Irene Tinagli for
constructing a Euro-Creativity Index. The resulting indexes establish
a quantitative base for policy makers, supporting their efforts to
determine the contribution of creativity to economic development.
Abstract: For more than 120 years, gold mining formed the
backbone the South Africa-s economy. The consequence of mine
closure was observed in large-scale land degradation and widespread
pollution of surface water and groundwater. This paper investigates
the feasibility of using natural zeolite in removing heavy metals
contaminating the Wonderfonteinspruit Catchment Area (WCA), a
water stream with high levels of heavy metals and radionuclide
pollution. Batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption
behavior of natural zeolite with respect to Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+.
The data was analysed using the Langmuir and Freudlich isotherms.
Langmuir was found to correlate the adsorption of Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+,
and Zn2+ better, with the adsorption capacity of 11.9 mg/g, 1.2 mg/g,
1.3 mg/g, and 14.7 mg/g, respectively. Two kinetic models namely,
pseudo-first order and pseudo second order were also tested to fit the
data. Pseudo-second order equation was found to be the best fit for
the adsorption of heavy metals by natural zeolite. Zeolite
functionalization with humic acid increased its uptake ability.
Abstract: Freeways are originally designed to provide high
mobility to road users. However, the increase in population and
vehicle numbers has led to increasing congestions around the world.
Daily recurrent congestion substantially reduces the freeway capacity
when it is most needed. Building new highways and expanding the
existing ones is an expensive solution and impractical in many
situations. Intelligent and vision-based techniques can, however, be
efficient tools in monitoring highways and increasing the capacity of
the existing infrastructures. The crucial step for highway monitoring
is vehicle detection. In this paper, we propose one of such
techniques. The approach is based on artificial neural networks
(ANN) for vehicles detection and counting. The detection process
uses the freeway video images and starts by automatically extracting
the image background from the successive video frames. Once the
background is identified, subsequent frames are used to detect
moving objects through image subtraction. The result is segmented
using Sobel operator for edge detection. The ANN is, then, used in
the detection and counting phase. Applying this technique to the
busiest freeway in Riyadh (King Fahd Road) achieved higher than
98% detection accuracy despite the light intensity changes, the
occlusion situations, and shadows.
Abstract: A new chelating resin is prepared by coupling Amberlite XAD-4 with 1-amino-2-naphthole through an azo spacer. The resulting sorbent has been characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and studied for preconcentrating of Fe (II) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for metal monitoring. The optimum pH value for sorption of the iron ions was 6.5. The resin was subjected to evaluation through batch binding of mentioned metal ion. Quantitative desorption occurs instantaneously with 0.5 M HNO3. The sorption capacity was found 4.1 mmol.g-1 of resin for Fe (II) in the aqueous solution. The chelating resin can be reused for 10 cycles of sorption-desorption without any significant change in sorption capacity. A recovery of 97% was obtained the metal ions with 0.5 M HNO3 as eluting agent. The method was applied for metal ions determination from industrial waste water sample.
Abstract: In this study thermodynamic performance analysis of a
combined organic Rankine cycle and ejector refrigeration cycle is
carried out for use of low-grade heat source in the form of sensible
energy. Special attention is paid to the effects of system parameters
including the turbine inlet temperature and turbine inlet pressure on the
characteristics of the system such as ratios of mass flow rate, net work
production, and refrigeration capacity as well as the coefficient of
performance and exergy efficiency of the system. Results show that
for a given source the coefficient of performance increases with
increasing of the turbine inlet pressure. However, the exergy
efficiency has an optimal condition with respect to the turbine inlet
pressure.
Abstract: Heat powered solid sorption is a feasible alternative to
electrical vapor compression refrigeration systems. In this paper,
activated carbon (powder type Maxsorb and fiber type ACF-A10)-
CO2 based adsorption cooling cycles are studied using the pressuretemperature-
concentration (P-T-W) diagram. The specific cooling
effect (SCE) and the coefficient of performance (COP) of these two
cooling systems are simulated for the driving heat source
temperatures ranging from 30 ºC to 90 ºC in terms of different
cooling load temperatures with a cooling source temperature of 25
ºC. It is found from the present analysis that Maxsorb-CO2 couple
shows higher cooling capacity and COP. The maximum COPs of
Maxsorb-CO2 and ACF(A10)-CO2 based cooling systems are found
to be 0.15 and 0.083, respectively. The main innovative feature of
this cooling cycle is the ability to utilize low temperature waste heat
or solar energy using CO2 as the refrigerant, which is one of the best
alternative for applications where flammability and toxicity are not
allowed.
Abstract: KREISIG is a computer simulation program, firstly developed by Munawar (1994) in Germany to optimize signalized roundabout. The traffic movement is based on the car following theory. Turbine method has been implemented for signal setting. The program has then been further developed in Indonesia to meet the traffic characteristics in Indonesia by adjusting the sensitivity of the drivers. Trial and error method has been implemented to adjust the saturation flow. The saturation flow output has also been compared to the calculation method according to 1997 Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual. It has then been implemented to optimize signalized roundabout at Kleringan roundabout in Malioboro area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is found that this method can optimize the signal setting of this roundabout. Therefore, it is recommended to use this program to optimize signalized roundabout.
Abstract: This paper presents a new heuristic algorithm useful
for long-term planning of survivable WDM networks. A multi-period
model is formulated that combines network topology design and
capacity expansion. The ability to determine network expansion
schedules of this type becomes increasingly important to the
telecommunications industry and to its customers. The solution
technique consists of a Genetic Algorithm that allows generating
several network alternatives for each time period simultaneously and
shortest-path techniques to deduce from these alternatives a least-cost
network expansion plan over all time periods. The multi-period
planning approach is illustrated on a realistic network example.
Extensive simulations on a wide range of problem instances are
carried out to assess the cost savings that can be expected by
choosing a multi-period planning approach instead of an iterative
network expansion design method.