Abstract: Nowadays, the earth is countered with serious problem
of air pollution. This problem has been started from the industrial
revolution and has been faster in recent years, so that leads the earth
to ecological and environmental disaster. One of its results is the
global warming problem and its related increase in global
temperature. The most important factors in air pollution especially in
urban environments are Automobiles and residential buildings that are
the biggest consumers of the fossil energies, so that if the residential
buildings as a big part of the consumers of such energies reduce their
consumption rate, the air pollution will be decreased. Since
Metropolises are the main centers of air pollution in the world,
assessment and analysis of efficient strategies in decreasing air
pollution in such cities, can lead to the desirable and suitable results
and can solve the problem at least in critical level. Tabriz city is one
of the most important metropolises in North west of Iran that about
two million people are living there. for its situation in cold dry
climate, has a high rate of fossil energies consumption that make air
pollution in its urban environment. These two factors, being both
metropolis and in cold dry climate, make this article try to analyze the
strategies of climatic design in old districts of the city and use them in
new districts of the future. These strategies can be used in this city
and other similar cities and pave the way to reduce energy
consumption and related air pollution to save whole world.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel solution for optimizing
the size and communication overhead of a distributed multiagent
system without compromising the performance. The proposed approach
addresses the challenges of scalability especially when the
multiagent system is large. A modified spectral clustering technique
is used to partition a large network into logically related clusters.
Agents are assigned to monitor dedicated clusters rather than monitor
each device or node. The proposed scalable multiagent system is
implemented using JADE (Java Agent Development Environment)
for a large power system. The performance of the proposed topologyindependent
decentralized multiagent system and the scalable multiagent
system is compared by comprehensively simulating different
fault scenarios. The time taken for reconfiguration, the overall computational
complexity, and the communication overhead incurred are
computed. The results of these simulations show that the proposed
scalable multiagent system uses fewer agents efficiently, makes faster
decisions to reconfigure when a fault occurs, and incurs significantly
less communication overhead.
Abstract: Nowadays, access to sustainable development in cities is assumed as one of the most important goals of urban managers. In the meanwhile, neighborhood as the smallest unit of urban spatial organization has a substantial effect on urban sustainability. Hence, attention to and focus on this subject is highly important in urban development plans. The objective of this study is evaluation of the status of Jahanshahr Neighborhood in Karaj city based on sustainable neighborhood development indicators. This research has been applied based on documentary method and field surveys. Also, evaluating of Jahanshahr Neighborhood of Karaj shows that it has a high level in sustainability in physical and economical dimension while a low level in cultural and social dimension. For this purpose, this neighborhood as a semi-sustainable neighborhood must take measures for development of collective spaces and efficiency of utilizing the public neighborhood spaces via collaboration of citizens and officials.
Abstract: Speed sensorless systems are intensively studied during recent years; this is mainly due to their economical benefit and fragility of mechanical sensors and also the difficulty of installing this type of sensor in many applications. These systems suffer from instability problems and sensitivity to parameter mismatch at low speed operation. In this paper an analysis of adaptive observer stability with stator resistance estimation is given.
Abstract: A numerical study has been carried out to investigate
the heat transfer by natural convection of nanofluid taking Cu as
nanoparticles and the water as based fluid in a three dimensional
annulus enclosure filled with porous media (silica sand) between two
horizontal concentric cylinders with 12 annular fins of 2.4mm
thickness attached to the inner cylinder under steady state conditions.
The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and
energy equations under an assumptions used Darcy law and
Boussinesq-s approximation which are transformed to dimensionless
equations. The finite difference approach is used to obtain all the
computational results using the MATLAB-7. The parameters affected
on the system are modified Rayleigh number (10 ≤Ra*≤ 1000), fin
length Hf (3, 7 and 11mm), radius ratio Rr (0.293, 0.365 and 0.435)
and the volume fraction(0 ≤ ¤ò ≤ 0 .35). It was found that the
average Nusselt number depends on (Ra*, Hf, Rr and φ). The results
show that, increasing of fin length decreases the heat transfer rate and
for low values of Ra*, decreasing Rr cause to decrease Nu while for
Ra*
greater than 100, decreasing Rr cause to increase Nu and adding
Cu nanoparticles with 0.35 volume fraction cause 27.9%
enhancement in heat transfer. A correlation for Nu in terms of Ra*,
Hf and φ, has been developed for inner hot cylinder.
Abstract: One of the main processes of supply chain
management is supplier selection process which its accurate
implementation can dramatically increase company competitiveness.
In presented article model developed based on the features of
second tiers suppliers and four scenarios are predicted in order to
help the decision maker (DM) in making up his/her mind. In addition
two tiers of suppliers have been considered as a chain of suppliers.
Then the proposed approach is solved by a method combined of
concepts of fuzzy set theory (FST) and linear programming (LP)
which has been nourished by real data extracted from an engineering
design and supplying parts company. At the end results reveal the
high importance of considering second tier suppliers features as
criteria for selecting the best supplier.
Abstract: Business rules and data warehouse are concepts and
technologies that impact a wide variety of organizational tasks. In
general, each area has evolved independently, impacting application
development and decision-making. Generating knowledge from data
warehouse is a complex process. This paper outlines an approach to
ease import of information and knowledge from a data warehouse
star schema through an inference class of business rules. The paper
utilizes the Oracle database for illustrating the working of the
concepts. The star schema structure and the business rules are stored
within a relational database. The approach is explained through a
prototype in Oracle-s PL/SQL Server Pages.
Abstract: This paper proposes a simple model of economic geography within the Dixit-Stiglitz-Iceberg framework that may be used to analyze migration patterns among three cities. The cost–benefit tradeoffs affecting incentives for three types of migration, including echelon migration, are discussed. This paper develops a tractable, heterogeneous-agent, general equilibrium model, where agents share constant human capital, and explores the relationship between the benefits of echelon migration and gross human capital. Using Chinese numerical solutions, we study the manifestation of echelon migration and how it responds to changes in transportation cost and elasticity of substitution. Numerical results demonstrate that (i) there are positive relationships between a migration-s benefit-and-wage ratio, (ii) there are positive relationships between gross human capital ratios and wage ratios as to origin and destination, and (iii) we identify 13 varieties of human capital convergence among cities. In particular, this model predicts population shock resulting from the processes of migration choice and echelon migration.
Abstract: In this paper, an analytical approach for free vibration
analysis of four edges simply supported rectangular Kirchhoff plates
is presented. The method is based on wave approach. From wave
standpoint vibration propagate, reflect and transmit in a structure.
Firstly, the propagation and reflection matrices for plate with simply
supported boundary condition are derived. Then, these matrices are
combined to provide a concise and systematic approach to free
vibration analysis of a simply supported rectangular Kirchhoff plate.
Subsequently, the eigenvalue problem for free vibration of plates is
formulated and the equation of plate natural frequencies is
constructed. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is shown by
comparison of the results with existing classical solution.
Abstract: The Kowsar dam supply water for different usages
such as drinking, industrial, agricultural and aquaculture farms
usages and located next to the city of Dehdashat in Kohgiluye and
Boyerahmad province in southern Iran. There are some towns and
villages on the Kowsar dam watersheds, which Dehdasht and
Choram are the most important and populated cities in this area. The
study was undertaken to assess the status of water quality in the
urban areas of the Kowsar dam. A total of 28 water samples were
collected from 6 stations on surface water and 1 station from
groundwater on the watershed of the Kowsar dam. All the samples
were analyzed for Cd concentration using standard procedures. The
results were compared with other national and international
standards. Among the analyzed samples, as the maximum value of
cadmium (1.131 μg/L) was observed on the station 2 at the winter
2009, all the samples analyzed were within the maximum admissible
limits by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, EU,
WHO, New Zealand , Australian, Iranian, and the Indian standards.
In general results of the present study have shown that Cd mean
values of stations No. 4, 1 and 2 with 0.5135, 0.0.4733 and 0.4573
μg/L respectively are higher than the other stations . Although Cd
level of all samples and stations have had normal values but this is
an indication of pollution potential and hazards because of human
activity and waste water of towns in the areas, which can effect on
human health implications in future. This research, therefore,
recommends the government and other responsible authorities to take
suitable improving measures in the Kowsar dam watershed-s.
Abstract: The spores of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana was evaluated for their compatibility with four surfactants; SDS (sodium dodyl sulphate) and CABS-65 (calcium alkyl benzene sulphonate), Tween 20 (polyethylene sorbitan monolaureate) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate) at six different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). Incubated spores showed decrease in concentrations due to conversion of spores to hyphae. The maximum germination recorded in 72 h incubated spores varied with surfactant concentration at 49-68% (SDS), 39- 53% (CABS), 78-92% (Tween 80) and 80-92% (Tween 20), while the optimal surfactant concentration for spore germination was found to be 2.5-5%. The surfactant effect on spores was more pronounced with SDS and CABS-65, where significant deterioration and loss in viability of the incubated spores was observed. The effect of Tween 20 and Tween 80 were comparatively less inhibiting. The results of the study would help in surfactant selection for B. bassiana emulsion preparation.
Abstract: The present work demonstrates the design and simulation of a fuzzy control of an air conditioning system at different pressures. The first order Sugeno fuzzy inference system is utilized to model the system and create the controller. In addition, an estimation of the heat transfer rate and water mass flow rate injection into or withdraw from the air conditioning system is determined by the fuzzy IF-THEN rules. The approach starts by generating the input/output data. Then, the subtractive clustering algorithm along with least square estimation (LSE) generates the fuzzy rules that describe the relationship between input/output data. The fuzzy rules are tuned by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The results show that when the pressure increases the amount of water flow rate and heat transfer rate decrease within the lower ranges of inlet dry bulb temperatures. On the other hand, and as pressure increases the amount of water flow rate and heat transfer rate increases within the higher ranges of inlet dry bulb temperatures. The inflection in the pressure effect trend occurs at lower temperatures as the inlet air humidity increases.
Abstract: Data stream analysis is the process of computing
various summaries and derived values from large amounts of data
which are continuously generated at a rapid rate. The nature of a
stream does not allow a revisit on each data element. Furthermore,
data processing must be fast to produce timely analysis results. These
requirements impose constraints on the design of the algorithms to
balance correctness against timely responses. Several techniques
have been proposed over the past few years to address these
challenges. These techniques can be categorized as either dataoriented
or task-oriented. The data-oriented approach analyzes a
subset of data or a smaller transformed representation, whereas taskoriented
scheme solves the problem directly via approximation
techniques. We propose a hybrid approach to tackle the data stream
analysis problem. The data stream has been both statistically
transformed to a smaller size and computationally approximated its
characteristics. We adopt a Monte Carlo method in the approximation
step. The data reduction has been performed horizontally and
vertically through our EMR sampling method. The proposed method
is analyzed by a series of experiments. We apply our algorithm on
clustering and classification tasks to evaluate the utility of our
approach.
Abstract: Sorting appears the most attention among all computational tasks over the past years because sorted data is at the heart of many computations. Sorting is of additional importance to parallel computing because of its close relation to the task of routing data among processes, which is an essential part of many parallel algorithms. Many parallel sorting algorithms have been investigated for a variety of parallel computer architectures. In this paper, three parallel sorting algorithms have been implemented and compared in terms of their overall execution time. The algorithms implemented are the odd-even transposition sort, parallel merge sort and parallel rank sort. Cluster of Workstations or Windows Compute Cluster has been used to compare the algorithms implemented. The C# programming language is used to develop the sorting algorithms. The MPI (Message Passing Interface) library has been selected to establish the communication and synchronization between processors. The time complexity for each parallel sorting algorithm will also be mentioned and analyzed.
Abstract: The main mission of Ezilla is to provide a friendly
interface to access the virtual machine and quickly deploy the high
performance computing environment. Ezilla has been developed by
Pervasive Computing Team at National Center for High-performance
Computing (NCHC). Ezilla integrates the Cloud middleware,
virtualization technology, and Web-based Operating System (WebOS)
to form a virtual computer in distributed computing environment. In
order to upgrade the dataset and speedup, we proposed the sensor
observation system to deal with a huge amount of data in the
Cassandra database. The sensor observation system is based on the
Ezilla to store sensor raw data into distributed database. We adopt the
Ezilla Cloud service to create virtual machines and login into virtual
machine to deploy the sensor observation system. Integrating the
sensor observation system with Ezilla is to quickly deploy experiment
environment and access a huge amount of data with distributed
database that support the replication mechanism to protect the data
security.
Abstract: The efficiency of chitosan beads processed from 4
marine animal shells; white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), mud
crab (Scylla sp.), horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda),
and cuttlefish bone (Sepia sp.), for the adsorption experiments of
ammonia and formaldehyde were investigated. The porosities of
chitosan from the shells looked like beads were distinctly examined
under SEM. The original pores of those shells on the surface areas
compose of evenly fine pores. The shell beads of cuttlefish bone and
horseshoe crab show the larger probably even porosity, while on
those white leg shrimp and mud crab contain various large and fine
pores. The best adsorption at pH 9 in 18 mg/l ammonia at 2 hours
yield on cuttlefish bone, horseshoe crab, mud crab and white leg
shrimp with the average percent of 59.12, 51.45, 45.66 and 43.52,
respectively. Within 30 minutes the formaldehyde absorbers (at pH 5
in 8 μg/ml) revealed 46.27, 26.56, and 18.04 percent capacities in
cuttlefish bone, mud crab and white leg shrimp beads; while 22.44
percent in the horseshoe crab at pH 7. The adsorption capacities and
the amounts of beads showed a positive correlation. The adsorption
capacity relationship between pH and the gas concentrations were
affected by these qualities of chitosan beads.
Abstract: The regional innovative competitiveness is an integrating characteristic of the innovative sphere of the region. It depends on a big variety of different parameters connected with all kinds of economic entities- activities. But management parameters shouldn't be irregular, so in order to avoid it, an institutional system should be formed. This system should carry out strategic management of factors having the greatest influence on the region's innovative development. This article is devoted to different aspects of organization of the region's development institutional mechanism, which is based on management of regional innovative competitiveness parameters. The base of the analysis is innovatively-active Russian regions which were compared according to the level of the innovative competitiveness. After that the most important parameters of successful innovative development of the region were revealed with the help of the correlation-regression analysis. The results of the research could be used for investigation of the region's innovative policy.
Abstract: This paper presents Faults Forecasting System (FFS)
that utilizes statistical forecasting techniques in analyzing process
variables data in order to forecast faults occurrences. FFS is
proposing new idea in detecting faults. Current techniques used in
faults detection are based on analyzing the current status of the
system variables in order to check if the current status is fault or not.
FFS is using forecasting techniques to predict future timing for faults
before it happens. Proposed model is applying subset modeling
strategy and Bayesian approach in order to decrease dimensionality
of the process variables and improve faults forecasting accuracy. A
practical experiment, designed and implemented in Okayama
University, Japan, is implemented, and the comparison shows that
our proposed model is showing high forecasting accuracy and
BEFORE-TIME.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate
digestibility quantities of protein in Canola Meals (CMs) between
caecectomised and intact adult Rhode Island Red (RIR) cockerels
with using conventional addition method (CAM) for 7 d: a 4-d
adaptation and a 3-d experiment period on the basis of a completely
randomized design with 4 replicates. Results indicated that
caecectomy decreased (P
Abstract: This paper aims to argue that religion and Faith-based
Organizations (FBOs) contribute to building democratic process
through the provision of education in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone
experienced a civil war from 1991 to 2002 and about 70 percent of the
population lives in poverty. While the government has been in the
process of rebuilding the nation, many forms of Civil Society
Organizations (CSOs), including FBOs, have played a significant role
in promoting social development. Education plays an important role in
supporting people-s democratic movements through knowledge
acquisition, spiritual enlightenment and empowerment. This paper
discusses religious tolerance in Sierra Leone and how FBOs have
contributed to the provision of primary education in Sierra Leone. This
study is based on the author-s field research, which involved
interviews with teachers and development stakeholders, notably
government officials, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and
FBOs, as well as questionnaires completed by pupils, parents and
teachers.