Abstract: This paper describes the design of a voltage based maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Of the various MPPT methods, the voltage based method is considered to be the simplest and cost effective. The major disadvantage of this method is that the PV array is disconnected from the load for the sampling of its open circuit voltage, which inevitably results in power loss. Another disadvantage, in case of rapid irradiance variation, is that if the duration between two successive samplings, called the sampling period, is too long there is a considerable loss. This is because the output voltage of the PV array follows the unchanged reference during one sampling period. Once a maximum power point (MPP) is tracked and a change in irradiation occurs between two successive samplings, then the new MPP is not tracked until the next sampling of the PV array voltage. This paper proposes an MPPT circuit in which the sampling interval of the PV array voltage, and the sampling period have been shortened. The sample and hold circuit has also been simplified. The proposed circuit does not utilize a microcontroller or a digital signal processor and is thus suitable for low cost and low power applications.
Abstract: The robot is a repeated task plant. The control of such
a plant under parameter variations and load disturbances is one of the
important problems. The aim of this work is to design Geno-Fuzzy
controller suitable for online applications to control single link rigid
robot arm plant. The genetic-fuzzy online controller (indirect
controller) has two genetic-fuzzy blocks, the first as controller, the
second as identifier. The identification method is based on inverse
identification technique. The proposed controller it tested in normal
and load disturbance conditions.
Abstract: QoS Routing aims to find paths between senders and
receivers satisfying the QoS requirements of the application which
efficiently using the network resources and underlying routing
algorithm to be able to find low-cost paths that satisfy given QoS
constraints. The problem of finding least-cost routing is known to be
NP hard or complete and some algorithms have been proposed to
find a near optimal solution. But these heuristics or algorithms either
impose relationships among the link metrics to reduce the complexity
of the problem which may limit the general applicability of the
heuristic, or are too costly in terms of execution time to be applicable
to large networks. In this paper, we analyzed two algorithms namely
Characterized Delay Constrained Routing (CDCR) and Optimized
Delay Constrained Routing (ODCR). The CDCR algorithm dealt an
approach for delay constrained routing that captures the trade-off
between cost minimization and risk level regarding the delay
constraint. The ODCR which uses an adaptive path weight function
together with an additional constraint imposed on the path cost, to
restrict search space and hence ODCR finds near optimal solution in
much quicker time.
Abstract: In this paper we present a novel design of a wearable
electronic textile. After defining a special application, we used the
specifications of some low power, tiny elements including sensors,
microcontrollers, transceivers, and a fault tolerant special topology to
have the most reliability as well as low power consumption and
longer lifetime. We have considered two different conditions as
normal and bodily critical conditions and set priorities for using
different sensors in various conditions to have a longer effective
lifetime.
Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new class of mg-continuous mapping and studied some of its basic properties.We obtain some characterizations of such functions. Moreover we define sub minimal structure and further study certain properties of mg-closed sets.
Abstract: Ground-level tropospheric ozone is one of the air
pollutants of most concern. It is mainly produced by photochemical
processes involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds
in the lower parts of the atmosphere. Ozone levels become
particularly high in regions close to high ozone precursor emissions
and during summer, when stagnant meteorological conditions with
high insolation and high temperatures are common.
In this work, some results of a study about urban ozone
distribution patterns in the city of Badajoz, which is the largest and
most industrialized city in Extremadura region (southwest Spain) are
shown. Fourteen sampling campaigns, at least one per month, were
carried out to measure ambient air ozone concentrations, during
periods that were selected according to favourable conditions to
ozone production, using an automatic portable analyzer.
Later, to evaluate the ozone distribution at the city, the measured
ozone data were analyzed using geostatistical techniques. Thus, first,
during the exploratory analysis of data, it was revealed that they were
distributed normally, which is a desirable property for the subsequent
stages of the geostatistical study. Secondly, during the structural
analysis of data, theoretical spherical models provided the best fit for
all monthly experimental variograms. The parameters of these
variograms (sill, range and nugget) revealed that the maximum
distance of spatial dependence is between 302-790 m and the
variable, air ozone concentration, is not evenly distributed in reduced
distances. Finally, predictive ozone maps were derived for all points
of the experimental study area, by use of geostatistical algorithms
(kriging). High prediction accuracy was obtained in all cases as
cross-validation showed. Useful information for hazard assessment
was also provided when probability maps, based on kriging
interpolation and kriging standard deviation, were produced.
Abstract: This paper presents the approach to design the Auto-
Tuning PID controller for interactive Water Level Process using
integral step response. The Integral Step Response (ISR) is the
method to model a dynamic process which can be done easily,
conveniently and very efficiently. Therefore this method is advantage
for design the auto tune PID controller. Our scheme uses the root
locus technique to design PID controller. In this paper MATLAB is
used for modeling and testing of the control system. The
experimental results of the interacting water level process can be
satisfyingly illustrated the transient response and the steady state
response.
Abstract: This paper proposes an architectural and graphical
user interface (GUI) design of a traditional Thai musical instrument
application for tablet computers for practicing “Ranaad Ek" which is
a trough-resonated keyboard percussion instrument. The application
provides percussion methods for a player as real as a physical
instrument. The application consists of two playing modes. The first
mode is free playing, a player can freely multi touches on wooden bar
to produce instrument sounds. The second mode is practicing mode
that guilds the player to follow percussions and rhythms of practice
songs. The application has achieved requirements and specifications.
Abstract: In this paper, the use of beam search and look-ahead strategies for solving the strip packing problem (SPP) is investigated. Given a strip of fixed width W, unlimited length L, and a set of n circular pieces of known radii, the objective is to determine the minimum length of the initial strip that packs all the pieces. An augmented algorithm which combines beam search and a look-ahead strategies is proposed. The look-ahead is used in order to evaluate the nodes at each level of the tree search. The best nodes are then retained for branching. The computational investigation showed that the proposed augmented algorithm is able to improve the best known solutions of the literature on most instances used.
Abstract: In this paper we present a novel approach for wavelet compression of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) coding algorithm. SPIHT algorithm has achieved prominent success in image compression. Here we use a modified version of SPIHT for one dimensional signals. We applied wavelet transform with SPIHT coding algorithm on different records of MIT-BIH database. The results show the high efficiency of this method in ECG compression.
Abstract: Due to the call of global warming effects, city planners aim at actions for reducing carbon emission. One of the approaches is to promote the usage of public transportation system toward the transit-oriented-development. For example, rapid transit system in Taipei city and Kaohsiung city are opening. However, until November 2008 the average daily patronage counted only 113,774 passengers at Kaohsiung MRT systems, much less than which was expected. Now the crucial questions: how the public transport competes with private transport? And more importantly, what factors would enhance the use of public transport? To give the answers to those questions, our study first applied regression to analyze the factors attracting people to use public transport around cities in the world. It is shown in our study that the number of MRT stations, city population, cost of living, transit fare, density, gasoline price, and scooter being a major mode of transport are the major factors. Subsequently, our study identified successful and unsuccessful cities in regard of the public transport usage based on the diagnosis of regression residuals. Finally, by comparing transportation strategies adopted by those successful cities, our conclusion stated that Kaohsiung City could apply strategies such as increasing parking fees, reducing parking spaces in downtown area, and reducing transfer time by providing more bus services and public bikes to promote the usage of public transport.
Abstract: Bacterial magnetic nanoparticles have great useful potential in biotechnological and biomedical applications. In this study, a liquid growth medium was modified for cultivation a fastidious magnetotactic bacterium that has been isolated from Anzali
lagoon, Iran in our previous research. These modifications include
change in vitamin, mineral, carbon sources and etcetera. In our
experience, the serum bottles and designed air-tight laboratory bottles
were used to create microaerobic conditions in order to development
of a method for scale-up experiment. This information may serve as a
guide to green chemistry based biological protocols for the synthesis
of magnetic nanoparticles with control over the chemical
composition, morphology and size.
Abstract: This paper presents a studyof the impact of reference
node locations on the accuracy of the indoor positioning systems. In
particular, we analyze the localization accuracy of the RSSI database
mapping techniques, deploying on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless
networks. The results show that the locations of the reference nodes
used in the positioning systems affect the signal propagation
characteristics in the service area. Thisin turn affects the accuracy of the wireless indoor positioning system. We found that suitable
location of reference nodes could reduce the positioning error upto 35 %.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss a low-cost methodology that can predict traffic flow conflicts and quantitatively rank crash expectancies (based on relative probability) for various traffic facilities. This paper focuses on the application of statistical distributions to model traffic flow and Monte Carlo techniques to simulate traffic and discusses how to create a tool in order to predict the possibility of a traffic crash. A low-cost data collection methodology has been discussed for the heterogeneous traffic flow that exists and a GIS platform has been proposed to thematically represent traffic flow from simulations and the probability of a crash. Furthermore, discussions have been made to reflect the dynamism of the model in reference to its adaptability, adequacy, economy, and efficiency to ensure adoption.
Abstract: In this paper we intend to ascertain the state of the art on multifingered end-effectors, also known as robotic hands or dexterous robot hands, and propose an experimental setup for an innovative task based design approach, involving cutting edge technologies in motion capture. After an initial description of the capabilities and complexity of a human hand when grasping objects, in order to point out the importance of replicating it, we analyze the mechanical and kinematical structure of some important works carried out all around the world in the last three decades and also review the actuators and sensing technologies used. Finally we describe a new design philosophy proposing an experimental setup for the first stage using recent developments in human body motion capture systems that might lead to lighter and always more dexterous robotic hands.
Abstract: The goal of admission control is to support the Quality
of Service demands of real-time applications via resource reservation
in IP networks. In this paper we introduce a novel Dynamic
Admission Control (DAC) mechanism for IP networks. The DAC
dynamically allocates network resources using the previous network
pattern for each path and uses the dynamic admission algorithm to
improve bandwidth utilization using bandwidth brokers. We evaluate
the performance of the proposed mechanism through trace-driven
simulation experiments in view point of blocking probability,
throughput and normalized utilization.
Abstract: In this paper a novel algorithm is proposed to merit
the accuracy of finger vein recognition. The performances of
Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Kernel Principal Component
Analysis (KPCA), and Kernel Entropy Component Analysis (KECA)
in this algorithm are validated and compared with each other in order
to determine which one is the most appropriate one in terms of finger
vein recognition.
Abstract: The design of high-rise building is more often dictated
by its serviceability rather than strength. Structural Engineers are
always striving to overcome challenge of controlling lateral
deflection and storey drifts as well as self weight of structure
imposed on foundation.
One of the most effective techniques is the use of outrigger and
belt truss system in Composite structures that can astutely solve the
above two issues in High-rise constructions.
This paper investigates deflection control by effective utilisation
of belt truss and outrigger system on a 60-storey composite building
subjected to wind loads. A three dimensional Finite Element Analysis
is performed with one, two and three outrigger levels. The reductions
in lateral deflection are 34%, 42% and 51% respectively as compared
to a model without any outrigger system. There is an appreciable
decline in the storey drifts with the introduction of these stiffer
arrangements.
Abstract: The accuracy of estimated stability and control
derivatives of a light aircraft from flight test data were evaluated. The light aircraft, named ChangGong-91, is the first certified aircraft from
the Korean government. The output error method, which is a maximum likelihood estimation technique and considers measurement
noise only, was used to analyze the aircraft responses measures. The
multi-step control inputs were applied in order to excite the short period mode for the longitudinal and Dutch-roll mode for the lateral-directional motion. The estimated stability/control derivatives of Chan Gong-91 were analyzed for the assessment of handling
qualities comparing them with those of similar aircraft. The accuracy of the flight derivative estimates derived from flight test measurement
was examined in engineering judgment, scatter and Cramer-Rao bound, which turned out to be satisfactory with minor defects..
Abstract: In hypersonic environments, the aerothermal effect
makes it difficult for the optical side windows of optical guided
missiles to withstand high heat. This produces cracking or breaking,
resulting in an inability to function. This study used computational
fluid mechanics to investigate the external cooling jet conditions of
optical side windows. The turbulent models k-ε and k-ω were
simulated. To be in better accord with actual aerothermal
environments, a thermal radiation model was added to examine
suitable amounts of external coolants and the optical window
problems of aero-thermodynamics. The simulation results indicate that
when there are no external cooling jets, because airflow on the optical
window and the tail groove produce vortices, the temperatures in these
two locations reach a peak of approximately 1600 K. When the
external cooling jets worked at 0.15 kg/s, the surface temperature of
the optical windows dropped to approximately 280 K. When adding
thermal radiation conditions, because heat flux dissipation was faster,
the surface temperature of the optical windows fell from 280 K to
approximately 260 K. The difference in influence of the different
turbulence models k-ε and k-ω on optical window surface temperature
was not significant.