Abstract: In the multi objective optimization, in the case when generated set of Pareto optimal solutions is large, occurs the problem to select of the best solution from this set. In this paper, is suggested a method to order of Pareto set. Ordering the Pareto optimal set carried out in conformity with the introduced distance function between each solution and selected reference point, where the reference point may be adjusted to represent the preferences of a decision making agent. Preference information about objective weights from a decision maker may be expressed imprecisely. The developed elicitation procedure provides an opportunity to obtain surrogate numerical weights for the objectives, and thus, to manage impreciseness of preference. The proposed method is a scalable to many objectives and can be used independently or as complementary to the various visualization techniques in the multidimensional case.
Abstract: The Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is an algorithm based on the estimation of distributions. It uses techniques from modeling data by Bayesian networks to estimating the joint distribution of promising solutions. To obtain the structure of Bayesian network, different search algorithms can be used. The key point that BOA addresses is whether the constructed Bayesian network could generate new and useful solutions (strings), which could lead the algorithm in the right direction to solve the problem. Undoubtedly, this ability is a crucial factor of the efficiency of BOA. Varied search algorithms can be used in BOA, but their performances are different. For choosing better ones, certain suitable method to present their ability difference is needed. In this paper, a greedy search algorithm and a stochastic search algorithm are used in BOA to solve certain optimization problem. A method using Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence to reflect their difference is described.
Abstract: Although achieving zero-defect software release is
practically impossible, software industries should take maximum
care to detect defects/bugs well ahead in time allowing only bare
minimums to creep into released version. This is a clear indicator of
time playing an important role in the bug detection. In addition to
this, software quality is the major factor in software engineering
process. Moreover, early detection can be achieved only through
static code analysis as opposed to conventional testing.
BugCatcher.Net is a static analysis tool, which detects bugs in .NET®
languages through MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)
inspection. The tool utilizes a Parser based on Finite State Automata
to carry out bug detection. After being detected, bugs need to be
corrected immediately. BugCatcher.Net facilitates correction, by
proposing a corrective solution for reported warnings/bugs to end
users with minimum side effects. Moreover, the tool is also capable
of analyzing the bug trend of a program under inspection.
Abstract: The present work presents the extraction of copper(II)
from sulphuric acid solutions with Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
(SDDT), and six different organic diluents: Dichloromethane,
Chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride, Toluene, xylene and Cyclohexane,
were tested. The pair SDDT/Chloroform showed to be the most
selective in removing the copper cations, and hence was considered
throughout the experimental study.
The effects of operating parameters such as the initial concentration
of the extracting agent, the agitation time, the agitation speed and the
acid concentration were considered.
For an initial concentration of Cu (II) of 63 ppm in a 0.5 M sulphuric
acid solution, both with a mass of the extracting agent of 20 mg, an
extraction percentage of about 97.8 % and a distribution coefficient
of 44.42 were obtained, respectively, confirming the performance
of the SDDT-Chloroform pair.
Abstract: Based on the standard finite element method, a new
finite element method which is known as nonlocal finite element
method (NL-FEM) is numerically implemented in this article to
study the nonlocal effects for solving 1D nonlocal elastic problem.
An Eringen-type nonlocal elastic model is considered. In this model,
the constitutive stress-strain law is expressed interms of integral
equation which governs the nonlocal material behavior. The new
NL-FEM is adopted in such a way that the postulated nonlocal elastic
behavior of material is captured by a finite element endowed with a
set of (cross-stiffness) element itself by the other elements in mesh.
An example with their analytical solutions and the relevant numerical
findings for various load and boundary conditions are presented and
discussed in details. It is observed from the numerical solutions that
the torsional deformation angle decreases with increasing nonlocal
nanoscale parameter. It is also noted that the analytical solution fails
to capture the nonlocal effect in some cases where numerical
solutions handle those situation effectively which prove the
reliability and effectiveness of numerical techniques.
Abstract: This paper is devoted to a delayed periodic predatorprey system with non-monotonic numerical response on time scales. With the help of a continuation theorem based on coincidence degree theory, we establish easily verifiable criteria for the existence of multiple periodic solutions. As corollaries, some applications are listed. In particular, our results improve and generalize some known ones.
Abstract: Educating effective architect designers is an important
goal of architectural education. But what contributes to students-
performance, and to critical and creative thinking in architectural
design education? Besides teaching architecture students how to
understand logical arguments, eliminate the inadequate solutions and
focus on the correct ones, it is also crucial to teach students how to
focus on exploring ideas and the alternative solutions and seeking for
other right answers rather than one. This paper focuses on the
enhancing architectural design education and may provide
implications for enhancing teaching design.
Abstract: Nowadays Multilevel inverters are widely using in various applications. Modulation strategy at fundamental switching frequency like, SHEPWM is prominent technique to eliminate lower order of harmonics with less switching losses and better harmonic profile. The equations which are formed by SHE are highly nonlinear transcendental in nature, there may exist single, multiple or even no solutions for a particular MI. However, some loads such as electrical drives, it is required to operate in whole range of MI. In order to solve SHE equations for whole range of MI, intelligent techniques are well suited to solve equations so as to produce lest %THDV. Hence, this paper uses Continuous genetic algorithm for minimising harmonics. This paper also presents wavelet based analysis of harmonics. The developed algorithm is simulated and %THD from FFT analysis and Wavelet analysis are compared. MATLAB programming environment and SIMULINK models are used whenever necessary.
Abstract: The reduction of hexavalent chromium by scrap iron
was investigated in continuous system, using long-term column
experiments, for aqueous Cr(VI) solutions having low buffering
capacities, over the Cr(VI) concentration range of 5 – 40 mg/L. The
results showed that the initial Cr(VI) concentration significantly
affects the reduction capacity of scrap iron. Maximum reduction
capacity of scrap iron was observed at the beginning of the column
experiments; the lower the Cr(VI) concentration, the greater the
experiment duration with maximum scrap iron reduction capacity.
However, due to passivation of active surface, scrap iron reduction
capacity continuously decreased in time, especially after Cr(VI)
breakthrough. The experimental results showed that highest
reduction capacity recorded until Cr(VI) breakthrough was 22.8 mg
Cr(VI)/g scrap iron, at CI = 5 mg/L, and decreased with increasing
Cr(VI) concentration. In order to assure total reduction of greater
Cr(VI) concentrations for a longer period of time, either the mass of
scrap iron filling, or the hydraulic retention time should be increased.
Abstract: This paper is a simple and systematic approaches to the design and analysis a pulse width modulation (PWM) based sliding mode controller for buck DC-DC Converters. Various aspects of the design, including the practical problems and the proposed solutions, are detailed. However, these control strategies can't compensate for large load current and input voltage variations. In this paper, a new control strategy by compromising both schemes advantages and avoiding their drawbacks is proposed, analyzed and simulated.
Abstract:
Innovation is becoming more and more important in
modern society. There are a lot of researches on different kinds of
innovation but marketing innovation is one kind of innovation that
has not been studied frequently before. Marketing innovation is
defined as a new way in which companies can market themselves to
potential or existing customers.
The study shows some key elements for marketing innovation that
are worth paying attention to when implementing marketing
innovation projects. Examples of such key elements are: paying
attention to the neglected market, suitable market segmentatio
reliable market information, public relationship, increased customer
value, combination of market factors, explore different marketing
channels and the use of technology in combination with what? Beside
the key elements for marketing innovation, we also present some
risks that may occur, such as cost, market uncertainty, information
leakage, imitation and overdependence on experience.
By proposing a set of indicators to measure marketing innovation,
the article offers solutions for marketing innovation implementation
so that any organization can achieve optimal results.
Abstract: In this paper the complete rotor system including
elastic shaft with distributed mass, allowing for the effects of oil film
in bearings. Also, flexibility of foundation is modeled. As a whole
this article is a relatively complete research in modeling and
vibration analysis of rotor considering gyroscopic effect, damping,
dependency of stiffness and damping coefficients on frequency and
solving the vibration equations including these parameters. On the
basis of finite element method and utilizing four element types
including element of shaft, disk, bearing and foundation and using
MATLAB, a computer program is written. So the responses in
several cases and considering different effects are obtained. Then the
results are compared with each other, with exact solutions and results
of other papers.
Abstract: The demand on High voltage (HV) infrastructures is growing due to the corresponding growth in industries and population. Many areas are being developed and therefore require additional electrical power to comply with the demand. Substation upgrade is one of the rapid solutions to ensure the continuous supply of power to customers. This upgrade requires civil modifications to structures and fences. The civil work requires excavation and steel works that may create unsafe touch conditions. This paper presents a brief theoretical overview of the touch voltage inside and around substations and uses CDEGS software to simulate a case study.
Abstract: In this paper, a framework for the simplification and
standardization of metaheuristic related parameter-tuning by applying
a four phase methodology, utilizing Design of Experiments and
Artificial Neural Networks, is presented. Metaheuristics are multipurpose
problem solvers that are utilized on computational optimization
problems for which no efficient problem specific algorithm
exist. Their successful application to concrete problems requires the
finding of a good initial parameter setting, which is a tedious and
time consuming task. Recent research reveals the lack of approach
when it comes to this so called parameter-tuning process. In the
majority of publications, researchers do have a weak motivation for
their respective choices, if any. Because initial parameter settings
have a significant impact on the solutions quality, this course of
action could lead to suboptimal experimental results, and thereby
a fraudulent basis for the drawing of conclusions.
Abstract: The third generation (3G) of cellular system adopted
the spread spectrum as solution for the transmission of the data in the
physical layer. Contrary to systems IS-95 or CDMAOne (systems
with spread spectrum of the preceding generation), the new standard,
called Universal Mobil Telecommunications System (UMTS), uses
long codes in the down link. The system is conceived for the vocal
communication and the transmission of the data. In particular, the
down link is very important, because of the asymmetrical request of
the data, i.e., more remote loading towards the mobiles than towards
the basic station. Moreover, the UMTS uses for the down link an
orthogonal spreading out with a variable factor of spreading out
(OVSF for Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor). This
characteristic makes it possible to increase the flow of data of one or
more users by reducing their factor of spreading out without
changing the factor of spreading out of other users. In the current
standard of the UMTS, two techniques to increase the performances
of the down link were proposed, the diversity of sending antenna and
the codes space-time. These two techniques fight only fainding. The
receiver proposed for the mobil station is the RAKE, but one can
imagine a receiver more sophisticated, able to reduce the interference
between users and the impact of the coloured noise and interferences
to narrow band. In this context, where the users have long codes
synchronized with variable factor of spreading out and ignorance by
the mobile of the other active codes/users, the use of the sequences of
code pseudo-noises different lengths is presented in the form of one
of the most appropriate solutions.
Abstract: In this paper we introduce an approach via optimization methods to find approximate solutions for nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. To
this purpose, we consider two stages of approximation.
First we convert the integral equation to a moment problem and then we modify the new problem to two classes of optimization problems, non-constraint optimization problems
and optimal control problems. Finally numerical examples is
proposed.
Abstract: Nigeria is considered as one of the many countries in
sub-Saharan Africa with a weak economy and gross deficiencies in technology and engineering. Available data from international monitoring and regulatory organizations show that technology is pivotal to determining the economic strengths of nations all over the
world. Education is critical to technology acquisition, development,
dissemination and adaptation. Thus, this paper seeks to critically
assess and discuss issues and challenges facing technological
advancement in Nigeria, particularly in the education sector, and also
proffers solutions to resuscitate the Nigerian education system
towards achieving national technological and economic sustainability
such that Nigeria can compete favourably with other technologicallydriven
economies of the world in the not-too-distant future.
Abstract: Compacted clay liners (CCLs) are the main materials
used in waste disposal landfills due to their low permeability. In this
study, the effect on the shear resistant of clays with inorganic salt
solutions as permeate fluid was experimentally investigated. For this
purpose, NaCl inorganic salt solution at concentrations of 2, 5, 10%
and deionized water were used. Laboratory direct shear and Vane
shear tests were conducted on three compacted clays with low,
medium and high plasticity. Results indicated that the solutions type
and its concentration affect the shear properties of the mixture. In the
light of this study, the influence magnitude of these inorganic salts in
varies concentrations in different clays were determined and more
suitable compacted clay with the compare of plasticity were found.
Abstract: In policy discourse of 1990s, more inclusive spaces
have been constructed for realizing full and meaningful participation
of common people in education. These participatory spaces provide
an alternative possibility for universalizing elementary education
against the backdrop of a history of entrenched forms of social and
economical exclusion; inequitable education provisions; and
shrinking role of the state in today-s neo-liberal times. Drawing on
case-studies of bottom-up approaches to school governance, the study
examines an array of innovative ways through which poor people
gained a sense of identity and agency by evolving indigenous
solutions to issues regarding schooling of their children. In the
process, state-s institutions and practices became more accountable
and responsive to educational concerns of the marginalized people.
The deliberative participation emerged as an active way of
experiencing deeper forms of empowerment and democracy than its
passive realization as mere bearers of citizen rights.
Abstract: Recently, Cassava has been the driving force of many
developing countries- economic progress. To attain this level,
prerequisites were put in place enabling cassava sector to become an
industrial and a highly competitive crop. Cameroon can achieve the
same results. Moreover, it can upgrade the living conditions of both
rural and urban dwellers and stimulate the development of the whole
economy. Achieving this outcome calls for agricultural policy
reforms. The adoption and implementation of adequate policies go
along with efficient strategies. To choose effective strategies, an indepth
investigation of the sector-s problems is highly recommended.
This paper uses gap analysis method to evaluate cassava sector in
Cameroon. It studies the present situation (where it is now),
interrogates the future (where it should be) and finally proposes
solutions to fill the gap.