Abstract: This study adopted previous fault patterns, results of
detection analysis, historical records and data, and experts-
experiences to establish fuzzy principles and estimate the failure
probability index of components of a power transformer. Considering
that actual parameters and limiting conditions of parameters may
differ, this study used the standard data of IEC, IEEE, and CIGRE as
condition parameters. According to the characteristics of each
condition parameter, relative degradation was introduced to reflect the
degree of influence of the factors on the transformer condition. The
method of fuzzy mathematics was adopted to determine the
subordinate function of the transformer condition. The calculation
used the Matlab Fuzzy Tool Box to select the condition parameters of
coil winding, iron core, bushing, OLTC, insulating oil and other
auxiliary components and factors (e.g., load records, performance
history, and maintenance records) of the transformer to establish the
fuzzy principles. Examples were presented to support the rationality
and effectiveness of the evaluation method of power transformer
performance conditions, as based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.
Abstract: A new strain of Type A influenza virus can cause the
transmission of H1N1 virus. This virus can spread between the
people by coughing and sneezing. Because the people are always
movement, so this virus can be easily spread. In this study, we
construct the dynamical network model of H1N1 virus by separating
the human into five groups; susceptible, exposed, infectious,
quarantine and recovered groups. The movement of people between
houses (local level) is considered. The behaviors of solutions to our
dynamical model are shown for the different parameters.
Abstract: In this paper an alternative visualisation approach of
the wake behind different vehicle body shapes with simplified and
fully-detailed underbody has been proposed and analysed. This
allows for a more clear distinction among the different wake regions.
This visualisation is based on a transformation of the cartesian
coordinates of a chosen wake plane to polar coordinates, using as
filter velocities lower than the freestream. This transformation
produces a polar wake plot that enables the division and
quantification of the wake in a number of sections. In this paper,
local drag has been used to visualise the drag contribution of the flow
by the different sections. Visually, a balanced wake can be observed
by the concentric behaviour of the polar plots. Alternatively,
integration of the local drag of each degree section as a ratio of the
total local drag yields a quantifiable approach of the wake uniformity,
where different sections contribute equally to the local drag, with the
exception of the wheels.
Abstract: Solutions for the temperature profile around a moving
heat source are obtained using both analytic and finite element
(FEM) methods. Analytic and FEM solutions are applied to study the
temperature profile in welding. A moving heat source is represented
using both point heat source and uniform distributed disc heat source
models. Analytic solutions are obtained by solving the partial
differential equation for energy conservation in a solid, and FEM
results are provided by simulating welding using the ANSYS
software. Comparison is made for quasi steady state conditions. The
results provided by the analytic solutions are in good agreement with
results obtained by FEM.
Abstract: This research investigates the effects of the opening
shape and location on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete
deep beam with openings, while keeping the opening size unchanged.
The software ANSYS 12.1 is used to handle the nonlinear finite
element analysis. The ultimate strength of reinforced concrete deep
beam with opening obtained by ANSYS 12.1 shows fair agreement
with the experimental results, with a difference of no more than 20%. The present work concludes that the opening location has much more effect on the structural strength than the opening shape. It was
concluded that placing the openings near the upper corners of the
deep beam may double the strength, and the use of a rectangular
narrow opening, with the long sides in the horizontal direction, can save up to 40% of structural strength of the deep beam.
Abstract: Air quality studies were carried out in the towns of
Putrajaya, Petaling Jaya and Nilai in the Malaysian Peninsular. In this
study, the variations of Ozone (O3) concentrations over a four year
period (2008-2011) were investigated using data obtained from the
Malaysian Department of the Environment (DOE). This study aims to
identify and describe the daily and monthly variations of O3
concentrations at the monitoring sites mentioned. The SPPS program
(Statistical Package for the Social Science) was used to analyze this
data in order to obtain the variations of O3 and also to clarify the
relationship between the stations. The findings of the study revealed
that the highest concentration of O3 occurred during the midday and
afternoon (between 13:00-15:00 hrs). The comparison between
stations also showed that highest O3 concentrations were recorded in
Putrajaya. The comparisons of average and maximum concentrations
of O3 for the three stations showed that the strongest significant
correlation was recorded in the Petaling Jaya station with the value
R2= 0.667. Results from this study indicate that in the urban areas of
Peninsular Malaysia, the concentration of O3 depends on the
concentration of NOx. Furthermore, HYSPLIT back trajectories
(-72h) indicated that air-mass transport patterns can also influence the
O3 concentration in the areas studied.
Abstract: Using a methodology grounded in business process
change theory, we investigate the critical success factors that affect
ERP implementation success in United States and India.
Specifically, we examine the ERP implementation at two case study
companies, one in each country. Our findings suggest that certain
factors that affect the success of ERP implementations are not
culturally bound, whereas some critical success factors depend on the
national culture of the country in which the system is being
implemented. We believe that the understanding of these critical
success factors will deepen the understanding of ERP
implementations and will help avoid implementation mistakes,
thereby increasing the rate of success in culturally different contexts.
Implications of the findings and future research directions for both
academicians and practitioners are also discussed.
Abstract: Design and land use are closely linked to the
energy efficiency levels for an urban area. The current city
planning practice does not involve an effective land useenergy
evaluation in its 'blueprint' urban plans. The study
proposed an appraisal method that can be embedded in GIS
programs using five planning criteria as how far a planner can
give away from the planning principles (criteria) for the most
energy output s/he can obtain. The case of Balcova, a district
in the Izmir Metropolitan area, is used conformingly for
evaluating the proposed master plan and the geothermal
energy (heating only) use for the concern district.
If the land use design were proposed accordingly at-most
energy efficiency (a 30% obtained), mainly increasing the
density around the geothermal wells and also proposing more
mixed use zones, we could have 17% distortion (infidelity to
the main planning principles) from the original plan. The
proposed method can be an effective tool for planners as
simulation media, of which calculations can be made by GIS
ready tools, to evaluate efficiency levels for different plan
proposals, letting to know how much energy saving causes
how much deviation from the other planning ideals. Lower
energy uses can be possible for different land use proposals
for various policy trials.
Abstract: Wind turbines with double output induction
generators can operate at variable speed permitting conversion
efficiency maximization over a wide range of wind velocities. This
paper presents the performance analysis of a wind driven double
output induction generator (DOIG) operating at varying shafts speed.
A periodic transient state analysis of DOIG equipped with two
converters is carried out using a hybrid induction machine model.
This paper simulates the harmonic content of waveforms in various
points of drive at different speeds, based on the hybrid model
(dqabc). Then the sinusoidal and trapezoidal pulse-width–modulation
control techniques are used in order to improve the power factor of
the machine and to weaken the injected low order harmonics to the
supply. Based on the frequency spectrum, total harmonics distortion,
distortion factor and power factor. Finally advantages of sinusoidal
and trapezoidal pulse width modulation techniques are compared.
Abstract: Semiconductor materials with coatings have a wide range of applications in MEMS and NEMS. This work uses transfermatrix method for calculating the radiative properties. Dopped silicon is used and the coherent formulation is applied. The Drude model for the optical constants of doped silicon is employed. Results showed that for the visible wavelengths, more emittance occurs in greater concentrations and the reflectance decreases as the concentration increases. In these wavelengths, transmittance is negligible. Donars and acceptors act similar in visible wavelengths. The effect of wave interference can be understood by plotting the spectral properties such as reflectance or transmittance of a thin dielectric film versus the film thickness and analyzing the oscillations of properties due to constructive and destructive interferences. But this effect has not been shown at visible wavelengths. At room temperature, the scattering process is dominated by lattice scattering for lightly doped silicon, and the impurity scattering becomes important for heavily doped silicon when the dopant concentration exceeds1018cm-3 .
Abstract: This study aims to clarify constructions which enable to improve socio-cultural values of environments and also to obtain new knowledge on selecting development plans. CVM is adopted as a method of evaluation. As a case of the research, university campus (CP; the following) is selected on account of its various environments, institutions and many users. Investigations were conducted from 4 points of view, total value and utility value of whole CP environments, values of each environment existing in CP or development plan assumed in CP. Furthermore, respondents- attributes were also investigated. In consequence, the following is obtained. 1) Almost all of total value of CP is composed of utility value of direct use. 2) Each of environment and development plans whose value is the highest is clarified. 3) Moreover, development plan to improve environmental value the most is specified.
Abstract: Most electrical distribution systems are incurring large
losses as the loads are wide spread, inadequate reactive power
compensation facilities and their improper control. A typical static
VAR compensator consists of capacitor bank in binary sequential
steps operated in conjunction with a thyristor controlled reactor of the
smallest step size. This SVC facilitates stepless control of reactive
power closely matching with load requirements so as to maintain
power factor nearer to unity. This type of SVC-s requiring a
appropriately controlled TCR. This paper deals with an air cored
reactor suitable for distribution transformer of 3phase, 50Hz, Dy11,
11KV/433V, 125 KVA capacity. Air cored reactors are designed,
built, tested and operated in conjunction with capacitor bank in five
binary sequential steps. It is established how the delta connected TCR
minimizes the harmonic components and the operating range for
various electrical quantities as a function of firing angle is
investigated. In particular firing angle v/s line & phase currents, D.C.
components, THD-s, active and reactive powers, odd and even triplen
harmonics, dominant characteristic harmonics are all investigated and
range of firing angle is fixed for satisfactory operation. The harmonic
spectra for phase and line quantities at specified firing angles are
given. In case the TCR is operated within the bound specified in this
paper established through simulation studies are yielding the best
possible operating condition particularly free from all dominant
harmonics.
Abstract: In real-time networks a large number of application programs are relying on video data and heterogeneous data transmission techniques. The aim of this research is presenting a method for end-to-end vouch quality service in surface applicationlayer for sending video data in comparison form in wireless heterogeneous networks. This method tries to improve the video sending over the wireless heterogeneous networks with used techniques in surface layer, link and application. The offered method is showing a considerable improvement in quality observing by user. In addition to this, other specifications such as shortage of data load that had require to resending and limited the relation period length to require time for second data sending, help to be used the offered method in the wireless devices that have a limited energy. The presented method and the achieved improvement is simulated and presented in the NS-2 software.
Abstract: Accident in spent fuel pool (SFP) of Fukushima
Daiichi Unit 4 showed the importance of continuous monitoring of the
key environmental parameters such as water temperature, water level,
and radiation level in the SFP at accident conditions. Because the SFP
water temperature is one of the key parameters indicating SFP
conditions, its behavior at accident conditions shall be understood to
prepare appropriate measures. This study estimated temporal change
in the SFP water temperature at Kori Unit 1 with 587 MWe for 1 hour
after initiation of a loss-of-pool-cooling accident. For the estimation,
ANSYS CFX 13.0 code was used. The estimation showed that the
increasing rate of the water temperature was 3.90C per hour and the
SFP water temperature could reach 1000C in 25.6 hours after the
initiation of loss-of-pool-cooling accident.
Abstract: In this work, we analyze the deformation of surface
waves in shallow flows conditions, propagating in a channel of
slowly varying cross-section. Based on a singular perturbation
technique, the main purpose is to predict the motion of waves by
using a dimensionless formulation of the governing equations,
considering that the longitudinal variation of the transversal section
obey a power-law distribution. We show that the spatial distribution
of the waves in the varying cross-section is a function of a kinematic
parameter,κ , and two geometrical parameters εh
and w ε . The above
spatial behavior of the surface elevation is modeled by an ordinary
differential equation. The use of single formulas to model the varying
cross sections or transitions considered in this work can be a useful
approximation to natural or artificial geometrical configurations.
Abstract: The shortest path (SP) problem concerns with finding the shortest path from a specific origin to a specified destination in a given network while minimizing the total cost associated with the path. This problem has widespread applications. Important applications of the SP problem include vehicle routing in transportation systems particularly in the field of in-vehicle Route Guidance System (RGS) and traffic assignment problem (in transportation planning). Well known applications of evolutionary methods like Genetic Algorithms (GA), Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have come up to solve complex optimization problems to overcome the shortcomings of existing shortest path analysis methods. It has been reported by various researchers that PSO performs better than other evolutionary optimization algorithms in terms of success rate and solution quality. Further Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as key information systems for geospatial data analysis and visualization. This research paper is focused towards the application of PSO for solving the shortest path problem between multiple points of interest (POI) based on spatial data of Allahabad City and traffic speed data collected using GPS. Geovisualization of results of analysis is carried out in GIS.
Abstract: Cancer becomes one of the leading cause of death in
many countries over the world. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)
spectra of human lung cancer cells (A549) treated with PMF (natural
product extracted from PM 701) for different time intervals were
examined. Second derivative and difference method were taken in
comparison studies. Cesium (Cs) and Rubidium (Rb) nanoparticles in
PMF were detected by Energy Dispersive X-ray attached to Scanning
Electron Microscope SEM-EDX. Characteristic changes in protein
secondary structure, lipid profile and changes in the intensities of
DNA bands were identified in treated A549 cells spectra. A
characteristic internucleosomal ladder of DNA fragmentation was
also observed after 30 min of treatment. Moreover, the pH values
were significantly increases upon treatment due to the presence of Cs
and Rb nanoparticles in the PMF fraction. These results support the
previous findings that PMF is selective anticancer agent and can
produce apoptosis to A549 cells.
Abstract: Radial flow reactor was focused for large scale
methanol synthesis and in which the heat transfer type was cross-flow.
The effects of operating conditions including the reactor inlet air
temperature, the heating pipe temperature and the air flow rate on the
cross-flow heat transfer was investigated and the results showed that
the temperature profile of the area in front of the heating pipe was
slightly affected by all the operating conditions. The main area whose
temperature profile was influenced was the area behind the heating
pipe. The heat transfer direction according to the air flow directions. In
order to provide the basis for radial flow reactor design calculation, the
dimensionless number group method was used for data fitting of the
bed effective thermal conductivity and the wall heat transfer
coefficient which was calculated by the mathematical model with the
product of Reynolds number and Prandtl number. The comparison of
experimental data and calculated value showed that the calculated
value fit the experimental data very well and the formulas could be
used for reactor designing calculation.
Abstract: lack of convenience condition is one of the problems
in open spaces in hot and dry regions. Nowadays parks and green
landscapes was designed and constructed without any attention to
convenience condition. If this process continues, Citizens will encounter
with some problems. Harsh climatic condition decreases the
efficiency of people-s activities. However there is hard environment
condition in hot and dry regions, Convenience condition has been
provided in Iranian traditional architecture by using techniques and
methods. In this research at the first step characteristics of Iranian
garden that can effect on creating sustainable spaces were
investigated through observation method. Pleasure space in cities will
be created with using these methods and techniques in future cities.
Furthermore the comparison between Iranian garden and landscape in
today-s cities demonstrate the effectiveness of Iranian garden
characteristics on sustainable spaces. Iranian architects used simple
and available methods for creating open architectural spaces. In
addition desirable conditions were provided with taking in to account
both physically and spiritually. Parks and landscapes in future cities
can be designed and constructed with respect to architectural
techniques that used in Iranian gardens in hot and arid regions.
Abstract: Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking is part of
the Inter Planetary Internet with primary application being Deep
Space Networks. Its Terrestrial form has interesting research
applications such as Alagappa University Delay Tolerant Water
Monitoring Network which doubles as test beds for improvising its
routing scheme. DTNs depend on node mobility to deliver packets
using a store-carry-and forward paradigm. Throwboxes are small and
inexpensive stationary devices equipped with wireless interfaces and
storage. We propose the use of Throwboxes to enhance the contact
opportunities of the nodes and hence improve the Throughput. The
enhancement is evaluated using Alunivdtnsim, a desktop simulator in
C language and the results are graphically presented.