Abstract: Biological conversion of biomass to methane has
received increasing attention in recent years. Grasses have been
explored for their potential anaerobic digestion to methane. In this
review, extensive literature data have been tabulated and classified.
The influences of several parameters on the potential of these
feedstocks to produce methane are presented. Lignocellulosic
biomass represents a mostly unused source for biogas and ethanol
production. Many factors, including lignin content, crystallinity of
cellulose, and particle size, limit the digestibility of the hemicellulose
and cellulose present in the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatments
have used to improve the digestibility of the lignocellulosic biomass.
Each pretreatment has its own effects on cellulose, hemicellulose and
lignin, the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass. Solidstate
anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) generally occurs at solid
concentrations higher than 15%. In contrast, liquid anaerobic
digestion (AD) handles feedstocks with solid concentrations between
0.5% and 15%. Animal manure, sewage sludge, and food waste are
generally treated by liquid AD, while organic fractions of municipal
solid waste (OFMSW) and lignocellulosic biomass such as crop
residues and energy crops can be processed through SS-AD. An
increase in operating temperature can improve both the biogas yield
and the production efficiency, other practices such as using AD
digestate or leachate as an inoculant or decreasing the solid content
may increase biogas yield but have negative impact on production
efficiency. Focus is placed on substrate pretreatment in anaerobic
digestion (AD) as a means of increasing biogas yields using today’s
diversified substrate sources.
Abstract: In this paper influence of packaging method (vacuum
and modified atmosphere packaging) on lipid oxidative stability and
sensory properties of odor and taste of the traditional sausage
Petrovská klobása were examined. These parameters were examined
during storage period (7 months). In the end of storage period,
vacuum packed sausage showed better oxidative stability. Propanal
content was significantly lower (P
Abstract: Al-Si-Mg-Ni(-Cu) alloys are widely used in the automotive industry. They have the advantage of low weight associated with low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent mechanical properties – mainly at high temperatures. The corrosion resistance of these alloys in coastal area, particularly sea water, however is not yet known. In this investigation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization have been used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of Al-6Si-0.5Mg-2Ni (-2Cu) alloys in simulated sea water environments. The potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal that 2 wt% Cu content alloy (Alloy-2) is more prone to corrosion than the Cu free alloy (Alloy-1). But the EIS test results showed that corrosion resistance or charge transfer resistance (Rct) increases with the addition of Cu. Due to addition of Cu and thermal treatment, the magnitude of open circuit potential (OCP), corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting corrosion potential (Epit) of Al-6Si-0.5Mg-2Ni alloy in NaCl solution were shifted to the more noble direction.
Abstract: A phase diagram of the Ag2SO4 - CaSO4 (Silver sulphate – Calcium Sulphate) binaries system using conductivity, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Technique) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) data is constructed. The eutectic reaction (liquid -» a-Ag2SO4 + CaSO4) is observed at 10 mole% CaSO4 and 645°C. Room temperature solid solubility limit up to 5.27 mole % of Ca 2+ in Ag2SO4 is set using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results. All compositions beyond this limit are two-phase mixtures below and above the transition temperature (≈ 416°C). The bulk conductivity, obtained following complex impedance spectroscopy, is found decreasing with increase in CaSO4 content. Amongst other binary compositions, the 80AgSO4-20CaSO4 gave improved sinterability/packing density.
Abstract: Soy protein is a common ingredient added to processed meats to enhance its functional characteristics. In our study, soybean products (fermented soy Natto and protein hydrolysate) containing hydrolyzed peptides and amino acids, with or without ascorbic acid were added to burger in order to improve its quality characteristics. Results showed that soy additives significantly increased moisture and protein content and reduced (P < 0.05) fat values. Ash content did not affect with Natto additive. Color tools, lightness and yellowness were higher (P
Abstract: Chaotic analysis has been performed on the river flow time series before and after applying the wavelet based de-noising techniques in order to investigate the noise content effects on chaotic nature of flow series. In this study, 38 years of monthly runoff data of three gauging stations were used. Gauging stations were located in Ghar-e-Aghaj river basin, Fars province, Iran. Noise level of time series was estimated with the aid of Gaussian kernel algorithm. This step was found to be crucial in preventing removal of the vital data such as memory, correlation and trend from the time series in addition to the noise during de-noising process.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the teaching method practices of the practical work subject in Vocational Secondary School. This study examined the practice of Vocational Teaching Method in Automotive Practical Work. The quantitative method used the sets of the questionnaire. 283 students and 63 teachers involved from ten VSS involved in this research. Research finding showed in conducting the introduction session teachers prefer used the demonstration method and questioning technique. While in deliver the content of practical task, teachers applied group monitoring and problem solving approach. To conclude the task of automotive practical work, teachers choose re-explain and report writing to make sure students really understand all the process of teaching. VTM-APW also involved the competency-based concept to embed in the model. Derived from factors investigated, research produced the combination of elements in teaching skills and vocational skills which could be used as the best teaching method in automotive practical work for school level. As conclusion this study has concluded that the VTM-APW model is able to apply in teaching to make an improvement with current practices in Vocational Secondary School. Hence, teachers are suggested to use this method to enhance student's knowledge in Automotive and teachers will deliver skills to the current and future workforce relevant with the required competency skilled in workplace.
Abstract: In a human tracking system, expanding a monitoring
range of one system is complicating the management of devices and
increasing its cost. Therefore, we propose a method to realize a
wide-range human tracking by connecting small systems. In this paper,
we examined an agent deploy method and information contents across
the heterogeneous human tracking systems. By implementing the
proposed method, we can construct a human tracking system across
heterogeneous systems, and the system can track a target continuously
between systems.
Abstract: The objective is to study the satisfaction on English with an online learning. Online learning system mainly consists of English lessons, exercises, tests, web boards, and supplementary lessons for language practice. The sample groups are 80 Thai students studying English for Business Communication, majoring in Hotel and Lodging Management. The data are analyzed by mean, standard deviation (S.D.) value from the questionnaires. The results were found that the most average of satisfaction on academic aspects are technological searching tool through E-learning system that support the students’ learning (4.51), knowledge evaluation on pre-post learning and teaching (4.45), and change for project selections according to their interest, subject contents including practice in the real situations (4.45), respectively.
Abstract: Microwave dielectric ceramic materials of
(Mg1-xNix)2(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O4 for x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 were
prepared and sintered at 1250–1400 ºC. The microstructure and
microwave dielectric properties of the ceramic materials were
examined and measured. The observations shows that the content of
Ni2+ ions has little effect on the crystal structure, dielectric constant,
temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) and sintering
temperatures of the ceramics. However, the quality values (Q×f) are
greatly improved due to the addition of Ni2+ ions. The present study
showed that the ceramic material prepared for x = 0.05 and sintered at
1325ºC had the best Q×f value of 392,000 GHz, about 23%
improvement compared with that of Mg2(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O4.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a smart music player that combines the musical genre classification and the spatial audio processing. The musical genre is classified based on content analysis of the musical segment detected from the audio stream. In parallel with the classification, the spatial audio quality is achieved by adding an artificial reverberation in a virtual acoustic space to the input mono sound. Thereafter, the spatial sound is boosted with the given frequency gains based on the musical genre when played back. Experiments measured the accuracy of detecting the musical segment from the audio stream and its musical genre classification. A listening test was performed based on the virtual acoustic space based spatial audio processing.
Abstract: This research aims to critical analyze the feminine violent within Thai daily newspaper. This study was qualitative base; content analysis from two popular newspapers (Thairath and Dailynews) two qualitative newspapers (Thaipost and Mathichon). Purposive sampling was used to select eleven specialize news reporters to do in-depth interview. The result found that, popular newspapers, Thairath and dailynews have presented feminine violent news in their paper more than Thaipost and Mathichon the qualitative newspaper. Beside, majority of sample present the feminine violent within news under the code of ethic, The National Press Council of Thailand. Interesting, the age of feminine violent victim was the information that has been focused most. The popular newspaper have illustrated crime scene photo on their first-page while qualitative newspaper used only headline to present the same news.
Abstract: Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the important
non-edible oilseed crops having immense industrial and medicinal
value. Oil yield per unit area is the ultimate target in growing oilseed
plants and sowing date is one of the important factors which have a
clear role on production of active substances particularly in oilseeds.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the
seed and oil yield of castor in Central Anatolia of Turkey in 2011.
The field experiment was set up in a completely randomized block
design with three replications. Black Diamond-2 castor cultivar was
used as plant material. The treatment was four sowing dates of May
10, May 25, June 10, June 25. In this research; seed yield, oil content
and oil yield were investigated. Results showed that the effect of
different sowing dates were significant on all of characteristics. In
general; delayed sowing dates, resulted in decreased seed yield, oil
content and oil yield. The highest value of seed yield, oil content and
oil yield (respectively, 2523.7 kg ha-1, 51.18% and 1292.2 kg ha-1)
were obtained from the first sowing date (May 10) while the lowest
seed yield, oil content and oil yield (respectively, 1550 kg ha-1,
43.67%, 677.3 kg ha-1) were recorded from the latest sowing date
(June 25). Therefore, it can be concluded that early May could be
recommended as an appropriate sowing date in the studied location
and similar climates for achieved high oil yield of castor.
Abstract: The acidity (citric acid) is the one of chemical content that can be refer to the internal quality and it’s a maturity index of tomato, The titratable acidity (%TA) can be predicted by a non-destructive method prediction by using the transmittance short wavelength (SW-NIR) spectroscopy in the wavelength range between 665-955 nm. The set of 167 tomato samples divided into groups of 117 tomatoes sample for training set and 50 tomatoes sample for test set were used to establish the calibration model to predict and measure %TA by partial least squares regression (PLSR) technique. The spectra were pretreated with MSC pretreatment and it gave the optimal result for calibration model as (R = 0.92, RMSEC = 0.03%) and this model obtained high accuracy result to use for %TA prediction in test set as (R = 0.81, RMSEP = 0.05%). From the result of prediction in test set shown that the transmittance SW-NIR spectroscopy technique can be used for a non-destructive method for %TA prediction of tomato.
Abstract: Banana pseudo-stem and fruit-bunch-stem are
agricultural residues that can be used for conversion to bio-char, biooil,
and gases by using thermochemical process. The aim of this work
is to characterize banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem
through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, chemical analysis,
thermo-gravimetric analysis, and heating calorific value. The ash
contents of the banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are
11.0 mf wt.% and 20.6 mf wt.%; while the carbon content of banana
pseudo-stem and fruit-bunch-stem are 37.9 mf wt.% and 35.58 mf
wt.% respectively. The molecular formulas for banana stem and
banana fruit-bunch-stem are C24H33NO26 and C19H29NO33
respectively. The measured higher heating values of banana pseudostem
and banana fruit-bunch-stem are 15.5MJ/kg and 12.7 MJ/kg
respectively. By chemical analysis, the lignin, cellulose, and
hemicellulose contents in the samples will also be presented. The
feasibility of the banana wastes to be a feedstock for thermochemical
process in comparison with other biomass will be discussed in this
paper.
Abstract: The objectives of this study is to investigate the impact
of culture on advertising appeals in mobile phone industry via social
media channel in UK, Brazil and India. Content analysis on Samsung
and Nokia commercials in YouTube is conducted. The result
indicates that the advertising appeals are both congruent and
incongruent with cultural dimensions in UK, Brazil and India. The
result suggests that Hofstede and value paradoxes might be the tools
to predict the relationship between cultural values and advertising
appeals.
Abstract: The research on the development of speaking using folk tales based on performance activities aimed to (1) study the development of speaking skill for early- childhood students, and (2) evaluate the development of speaking skill before and after speaking activities. Ten students of Kindergarten level 2, who have enrolled in the subject of the research for speaking development of semester 2 in 2013 were purposively selected as the research cohort. The research tools were lesson plans for speaking activities and pre-post test for speaking development that were approved as content validity and reliability (IOC=.66-1.00,α=0.967). The research found that the development of speaking skill of the research samples before using performance activities on folk tales in developing speaking skill was in the normal high level. Additionally, the results appeared that the preschoolers after applying speaking skill on performance activities also imaginatively created their speaking skill.
Abstract: The copyrights system is a combination of different elements. The number, content and the correlation of these elements are different for different legal orders. The models of copyrights systems display this system in terms of the interaction of economic and author's moral rights. Monistic and dualistic models are the most popular ones. The article deals with different points of view on the monism and dualism in copyright system. A specific model of the copyright in Switzerland in the XXth century is analyzed. The evolution of a French dualistic model of copyright is shown. The author believes that one should talk not about one, but rather about a number of dualism forms of copyright system.
Abstract: Social media refers to the means of interactions
among people in which they create share, exchange and comment
contents among themselves in virtual communities and networks.
Social media or "social networking" has almost become part of our
daily lives and being tossed around over the past few years. It is like
any other media such as newspaper, radio and television but it is far
more than just about sharing information and ideas. Social
networking tools like Twitter, Facebook, Flickr and Blogs have
facilitated creation and exchange of ideas so quickly and widely than
the conventional media. This paper shows the choices,
communication, feeling comfort, time saving and effects of social
media among the people.
Abstract: The research studied and examined the
competitiveness of the animation industry in Thailand. Data were
collected based on articles, related reports and websites, news,
research, and interviews of key persons from both public and private
sectors. The diamond model was used to analyze the study. The
major factor driving the Thai animation industry forward includes a
quality workforce, their creativity and strong associations. However,
discontinuity in government support, infrastructure, marketing, IP
creation and financial constraints were factors keeping the Thai
animation industry less competitive in the global market.