Biological conversion of biomass to methane has
received increasing attention in recent years. Grasses have been
explored for their potential anaerobic digestion to methane. In this
review, extensive literature data have been tabulated and classified.
The influences of several parameters on the potential of these
feedstocks to produce methane are presented. Lignocellulosic
biomass represents a mostly unused source for biogas and ethanol
production. Many factors, including lignin content, crystallinity of
cellulose, and particle size, limit the digestibility of the hemicellulose
and cellulose present in the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatments
have used to improve the digestibility of the lignocellulosic biomass.
Each pretreatment has its own effects on cellulose, hemicellulose and
lignin, the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass. Solidstate
anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) generally occurs at solid
concentrations higher than 15%. In contrast, liquid anaerobic
digestion (AD) handles feedstocks with solid concentrations between
0.5% and 15%. Animal manure, sewage sludge, and food waste are
generally treated by liquid AD, while organic fractions of municipal
solid waste (OFMSW) and lignocellulosic biomass such as crop
residues and energy crops can be processed through SS-AD. An
increase in operating temperature can improve both the biogas yield
and the production efficiency, other practices such as using AD
digestate or leachate as an inoculant or decreasing the solid content
may increase biogas yield but have negative impact on production
efficiency. Focus is placed on substrate pretreatment in anaerobic
digestion (AD) as a means of increasing biogas yields using today’s
diversified substrate sources.
[1] Sotirios K, Boukis I, Kontopoulos G. Development of an investment
decision tool for biogas production from agricultural waste. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 2010;14:1273–82.
[2] Laureano-Perez, L., Teymouri, F., Alizadeh, H., Dale, B.E., 2005.
Understanding factors that limit enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Appl.
Biochem. Biotechnol., 1081–1099.
[3] Saha, B.C., 2003. Hemicellulose bioconversion. J. Ind. Microbiol.
Biotechnol. 30, 279–291.
[4] Grabber, J.H., 2005. How do lignin composition, structure, and crosslinking
affect degradability? A review of cell wall model studies. Crop
Sci. 45, 820–831.
[5] Gerardi MH. The microbiology of anaerobic digesters, waste water
microbiology series Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc;
2003.
[6] Yadvika, Santosh S, Sreekrishnan TR, Kohli S, Rana V. Enhancement of
biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques – a
review. Journal of Bioresource Technology 2004;95:1–10.
[7] Pain BF, Philips VR, West R. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of dairy
cow dung slurry on a farm scale energy consideration. Journal of
Agricultural Engineering Research 1988;33:123–9.
[8] Zeeman Z, Koster-Treffers ME, Halm HD. Anaerobic digestion of dairy
cow slurry. In: European symposium on anaerobic waste water
treatment. TNO Corporate Communication Department; 1983. p. 492–
510.
[9] Ong HK, Greenfield PF, Pullammanappallil PC. An operational strategy
for improved biomethanation of cattle–manure slurry in an unmixed,
singlestage, digester. BioresourTechnol 2000;73:87–9.
[10] Rao P, VandBaral SS. Attribute based specification, comparison and
selection of feed stock for anaerobic digestion using MADM approach. J
Hazard Mater 2011;186:2009–16.
[11] Keri BC, Thomas D, Kyoung SR, Hunt PG. Livestock waste-tobioenergy
generation opportunities. Journal of Bioresource Technology
2008;99: 7941–53.
[12] Hobson PN, Bousfield S. Summers, methane production from
agricultural and domestic waste. England: Applied Science Publishers;
1981.
[13] Gomez X, Cuetos MJ, Cara J, Moran A, Garcia AI. Anaerobic codigestion
of primary sludge and the fruit and vegetable fraction of the
municipal solid wastes – conditions for mixing and evaluation of the
organic loading rate. Renew Energy 2006;31(12):2017–24.
[14] Siegert I, Banks C. The effect of volatile fatty acid additions on the
anaerobic digestion of cellulose and glucose in batch reactors. Process
Biochem 2005;40:3412–8.
[15] Pandey PK, Bhattacharya D. Biogas engineering, regional biogas
development and training centre. India: Chemical Engineering
Department. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 2005.
[16] Vinnerๅs B, Sch๖nning C, Nordin A. Identification of the
microbiological community in biogas systems and evaluation of
microbial risks from gas usage. Sci Total Environ 2006;367:606–15.
[17] Chowdhury RBS, Fulford DJ. Batch and semicontinuous anaerobic
digestion systems. Renew Energy 1992;2(4–5):391.
[18] De baere LD, Mattheeuws B. State of art-anaerobic digestion of solid
waste. Waste Manage World 2008;9(5):1–8.
[19] Stroot PG, McMohan KD, Mackie RI, Raskin L. Anaerobic codigestion
of municipal solid waste and biosolids under various mixing condition in
digester performance. Water Res 2001;35:1804–16.
[20] Garrote, G., Dominguez, H., Parajo, J.C., 1999. Hydrothermal
processing of lignocellulosic materials. HolzRohWerkst. 57, 191–202.
[21] Ramos, L.P., 2003. The chemistry involved in the steam treatment of
lignocellulosic materials. Quim. Nova. 26 (6), 863–871.
[22] Liu, C., Wyman, C.E., 2003. The effect of flow rate of compressed hot
water on xylan, lignin and total mass removal from corn stover. Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res. 42, 5409–5416.
[23] Hon, D.N.S., Shiraishi, N., 2001. Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry,
second ed. Dekker, New York. explosion (AFEX). Appl. Biochem.
Biotechnol., 1133–1141.
[24] Teixeira, L.C., Linden, J.C., Schroeder, H.A., 1999. Alkaline and
peracetic acid pretreatments of biomass for ethanol production. Appl.
Biochem. Biotechnol., 19–34.
[25] Tengborg, C., Stenberg, K., Galbe, M., Zacchi, G., Larsson, S.,
Palmqvist, E., Hahn-Hไgerdal, B., 1998. Comparison of SO2 and
H2SO4 impregnation of softwood prior to steam pretreatment on ethanol
production. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 3–15.
[26] Chang, V.S., Kaar, W.E., Burr, B., Holtzapple, M.T., 2001.
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lime-treated biomass.
Biotechnol. Lett. 23 (16), 1327–1333.
[27] Chang, V.S., Holtzapple, M.T., 2000. Fundamental factors affecting
enzymatic reactivity. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 5–37.
[28] Kaar, W.E., Holtzapple, M.T., 2000. Using lime pretreatment to
facilitate the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Biomass Bioenergy 18
(3), 189–199.
[29] Alizadeh, H., Teymouri, F., Gilbert, T.I., Dale, B.E., 2005. Pretreatment
of switchgrass by ammonia fiber
[30] Kim, T.H., Lee, Y.Y., 2005. Pretreatment of corn stover by soaking in
aqueous ammonia. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1119–1132.
[1] Sotirios K, Boukis I, Kontopoulos G. Development of an investment
decision tool for biogas production from agricultural waste. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 2010;14:1273–82.
[2] Laureano-Perez, L., Teymouri, F., Alizadeh, H., Dale, B.E., 2005.
Understanding factors that limit enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Appl.
Biochem. Biotechnol., 1081–1099.
[3] Saha, B.C., 2003. Hemicellulose bioconversion. J. Ind. Microbiol.
Biotechnol. 30, 279–291.
[4] Grabber, J.H., 2005. How do lignin composition, structure, and crosslinking
affect degradability? A review of cell wall model studies. Crop
Sci. 45, 820–831.
[5] Gerardi MH. The microbiology of anaerobic digesters, waste water
microbiology series Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc;
2003.
[6] Yadvika, Santosh S, Sreekrishnan TR, Kohli S, Rana V. Enhancement of
biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques – a
review. Journal of Bioresource Technology 2004;95:1–10.
[7] Pain BF, Philips VR, West R. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of dairy
cow dung slurry on a farm scale energy consideration. Journal of
Agricultural Engineering Research 1988;33:123–9.
[8] Zeeman Z, Koster-Treffers ME, Halm HD. Anaerobic digestion of dairy
cow slurry. In: European symposium on anaerobic waste water
treatment. TNO Corporate Communication Department; 1983. p. 492–
510.
[9] Ong HK, Greenfield PF, Pullammanappallil PC. An operational strategy
for improved biomethanation of cattle–manure slurry in an unmixed,
singlestage, digester. BioresourTechnol 2000;73:87–9.
[10] Rao P, VandBaral SS. Attribute based specification, comparison and
selection of feed stock for anaerobic digestion using MADM approach. J
Hazard Mater 2011;186:2009–16.
[11] Keri BC, Thomas D, Kyoung SR, Hunt PG. Livestock waste-tobioenergy
generation opportunities. Journal of Bioresource Technology
2008;99: 7941–53.
[12] Hobson PN, Bousfield S. Summers, methane production from
agricultural and domestic waste. England: Applied Science Publishers;
1981.
[13] Gomez X, Cuetos MJ, Cara J, Moran A, Garcia AI. Anaerobic codigestion
of primary sludge and the fruit and vegetable fraction of the
municipal solid wastes – conditions for mixing and evaluation of the
organic loading rate. Renew Energy 2006;31(12):2017–24.
[14] Siegert I, Banks C. The effect of volatile fatty acid additions on the
anaerobic digestion of cellulose and glucose in batch reactors. Process
Biochem 2005;40:3412–8.
[15] Pandey PK, Bhattacharya D. Biogas engineering, regional biogas
development and training centre. India: Chemical Engineering
Department. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 2005.
[16] Vinnerๅs B, Sch๖nning C, Nordin A. Identification of the
microbiological community in biogas systems and evaluation of
microbial risks from gas usage. Sci Total Environ 2006;367:606–15.
[17] Chowdhury RBS, Fulford DJ. Batch and semicontinuous anaerobic
digestion systems. Renew Energy 1992;2(4–5):391.
[18] De baere LD, Mattheeuws B. State of art-anaerobic digestion of solid
waste. Waste Manage World 2008;9(5):1–8.
[19] Stroot PG, McMohan KD, Mackie RI, Raskin L. Anaerobic codigestion
of municipal solid waste and biosolids under various mixing condition in
digester performance. Water Res 2001;35:1804–16.
[20] Garrote, G., Dominguez, H., Parajo, J.C., 1999. Hydrothermal
processing of lignocellulosic materials. HolzRohWerkst. 57, 191–202.
[21] Ramos, L.P., 2003. The chemistry involved in the steam treatment of
lignocellulosic materials. Quim. Nova. 26 (6), 863–871.
[22] Liu, C., Wyman, C.E., 2003. The effect of flow rate of compressed hot
water on xylan, lignin and total mass removal from corn stover. Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res. 42, 5409–5416.
[23] Hon, D.N.S., Shiraishi, N., 2001. Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry,
second ed. Dekker, New York. explosion (AFEX). Appl. Biochem.
Biotechnol., 1133–1141.
[24] Teixeira, L.C., Linden, J.C., Schroeder, H.A., 1999. Alkaline and
peracetic acid pretreatments of biomass for ethanol production. Appl.
Biochem. Biotechnol., 19–34.
[25] Tengborg, C., Stenberg, K., Galbe, M., Zacchi, G., Larsson, S.,
Palmqvist, E., Hahn-Hไgerdal, B., 1998. Comparison of SO2 and
H2SO4 impregnation of softwood prior to steam pretreatment on ethanol
production. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 3–15.
[26] Chang, V.S., Kaar, W.E., Burr, B., Holtzapple, M.T., 2001.
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lime-treated biomass.
Biotechnol. Lett. 23 (16), 1327–1333.
[27] Chang, V.S., Holtzapple, M.T., 2000. Fundamental factors affecting
enzymatic reactivity. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 5–37.
[28] Kaar, W.E., Holtzapple, M.T., 2000. Using lime pretreatment to
facilitate the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Biomass Bioenergy 18
(3), 189–199.
[29] Alizadeh, H., Teymouri, F., Gilbert, T.I., Dale, B.E., 2005. Pretreatment
of switchgrass by ammonia fiber
[30] Kim, T.H., Lee, Y.Y., 2005. Pretreatment of corn stover by soaking in
aqueous ammonia. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1119–1132.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:68061", author = "N. Boontian", title = "Conditions of the Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass", abstract = "Biological conversion of biomass to methane has
received increasing attention in recent years. Grasses have been
explored for their potential anaerobic digestion to methane. In this
review, extensive literature data have been tabulated and classified.
The influences of several parameters on the potential of these
feedstocks to produce methane are presented. Lignocellulosic
biomass represents a mostly unused source for biogas and ethanol
production. Many factors, including lignin content, crystallinity of
cellulose, and particle size, limit the digestibility of the hemicellulose
and cellulose present in the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatments
have used to improve the digestibility of the lignocellulosic biomass.
Each pretreatment has its own effects on cellulose, hemicellulose and
lignin, the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass. Solidstate
anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) generally occurs at solid
concentrations higher than 15%. In contrast, liquid anaerobic
digestion (AD) handles feedstocks with solid concentrations between
0.5% and 15%. Animal manure, sewage sludge, and food waste are
generally treated by liquid AD, while organic fractions of municipal
solid waste (OFMSW) and lignocellulosic biomass such as crop
residues and energy crops can be processed through SS-AD. An
increase in operating temperature can improve both the biogas yield
and the production efficiency, other practices such as using AD
digestate or leachate as an inoculant or decreasing the solid content
may increase biogas yield but have negative impact on production
efficiency. Focus is placed on substrate pretreatment in anaerobic
digestion (AD) as a means of increasing biogas yields using today’s
diversified substrate sources.
", keywords = "Anaerobic digestion, Lignocellulosic biomass,
Methane production, Optimization, Pretreatment.", volume = "8", number = "9", pages = "1036-5", }
