Abstract: While compressing text files is useful, compressing
still image files is almost a necessity. A typical image takes up much
more storage than a typical text message and without compression
images would be extremely clumsy to store and distribute. The
amount of information required to store pictures on modern
computers is quite large in relation to the amount of bandwidth
commonly available to transmit them over the Internet and
applications. Image compression addresses the problem of reducing
the amount of data required to represent a digital image. Performance
of any image compression method can be evaluated by measuring the
root-mean-square-error & peak signal to noise ratio. The method of
image compression that will be analyzed in this paper is based on the
lossy JPEG image compression technique, the most popular
compression technique for color images. JPEG compression is able to
greatly reduce file size with minimal image degradation by throwing
away the least “important" information. In JPEG, both color
components are downsampled simultaneously, but in this paper we
will compare the results when the compression is done by
downsampling the single chroma part. In this paper we will
demonstrate more compression ratio is achieved when the
chrominance blue is downsampled as compared to downsampling the
chrominance red in JPEG compression. But the peak signal to noise
ratio is more when the chrominance red is downsampled as compared
to downsampling the chrominance blue in JPEG compression. In
particular we will use the hats.jpg as a demonstration of JPEG
compression using low pass filter and demonstrate that the image is
compressed with barely any visual differences with both methods.
Abstract: The continuity in the electric supply of the electric installations is becoming one of the main requirements of the electric supply network (generation, transmission, and distribution of the electric energy). The achievement of this requirement depends from one side on the structure of the electric network and on the other side on the avaibility of the reserve source provided to maintain the supply in case of failure of the principal one. The avaibility of supply does not only depends on the reliability parameters of the both sources (principal and reserve) but it also depends on the reliability of the circuit breaker which plays the role of interlocking the reserve source in case of failure of the principal one. In addition, the principal source being under operation, its control can be ideal and sure, however, for the reserve source being in stop, a preventive maintenances which proceed on time intervals (periodicity) and for well defined lengths of time are envisaged, so that this source will always available in case of the principal source failure. The choice of the periodicity of preventive maintenance of the source of reserve influences directly the reliability of the electric feeder system In this work and on the basis of the semi- markovian's processes, the influence of the time of interlocking the reserve source upon the reliability of an industrial electric network is studied and is given the optimal time of interlocking the reserve source in case of failure the principal one, also the influence of the periodicity of the preventive maintenance of the source of reserve is studied and is given the optimal periodicity.
Abstract: This paper presents Genetic Algorithm (GA) based
approach for the allocation of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission
System) devices for the improvement of Power transfer capacity in an
interconnected Power System. The GA based approach is applied on
IEEE 30 BUS System. The system is reactively loaded starting from
base to 200% of base load. FACTS devices are installed in the
different locations of the power system and system performance is
noticed with and without FACTS devices. First, the locations, where
the FACTS devices to be placed is determined by calculating active
and reactive power flows in the lines. Genetic Algorithm is then
applied to find the amount of magnitudes of the FACTS devices. This
approach of GA based placement of FACTS devices is tremendous
beneficial both in terms of performance and economy is clearly
observed from the result obtained.
Abstract: An implant elicits a biological response in the
surrounding tissue which determines the acceptance and long-term
function of the implant. Dental implants have become one of the
main therapy methods in clinic after teeth lose. A successful implant
is in contact with bone and soft tissue represent by fibroblasts. In our
study we focused on the interaction between six different chemically
and physically modified titanium implants (Tis-MALP, Tis-O, Tis-
OA, Tis-OPAAE, Tis-OZ, Tis-OPAE) with alveolar fibroblasts as
well as with five type of microorganisms (S. epidermis, S.mutans, S.
gordonii, S. intermedius, C.albicans). The analysis of microorganism
adhesion was determined by CFU (colony forming unite) and biofilm
formation. The presence of α3β1 and vinculin expression on alveolar
fibroblasts was demonstrated using phospho specific cell based
ELISA (PACE). Alveolar fibroblasts have the highest expression of
these proteins on Tis-OPAAE and Tis-OPAE. It corresponds with
results from bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation and it was
related to the lowest production of collagen I by alveolar fibroblasts
on Tis-OPAAE titanium disc.
Abstract: The paper investigates the potential of support vector
machines and Gaussian process based regression approaches to
model the oxygen–transfer capacity from experimental data of
multiple plunging jets oxygenation systems. The results suggest the
utility of both the modeling techniques in the prediction of the
overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) from operational
parameters of multiple plunging jets oxygenation system. The
correlation coefficient root mean square error and coefficient of
determination values of 0.971, 0.002 and 0.945 respectively were
achieved by support vector machine in comparison to values of
0.960, 0.002 and 0.920 respectively achieved by Gaussian process
regression. Further, the performances of both these regression
approaches in predicting the overall volumetric oxygen transfer
coefficient was compared with the empirical relationship for multiple
plunging jets. A comparison of results suggests that support vector
machines approach works well in comparison to both empirical
relationship and Gaussian process approaches, and could successfully
be employed in modeling oxygen-transfer.
Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) is key member
of the MMP family, and is known to be present in coronary
atherosclerotic. Several studies have demonstrated that MMP-3
5A/6A polymorphism modify each transcriptional activity in allele
specific manner. We hypothesized that this polymorphism may play
a role as risk factor for development of coronary stenosis. The aim of
our study was to estimate MMP-3 (5A/6A) gene polymorphism on
interindividual variability in risk for coronary stenosis in an Iranian
population.DNA was extracted from white blood cells and genotypes
were obtained from coronary stenosis cases (n=95) and controls
(n=100) by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and restriction
fragment length polymorphism techniques. Significant differences
between cases and controls were observed for MMP3 genotype
frequencies (X2=199.305, p< 0.001); the 6A allele was less
frequently seen in the control group, compared to the disease group
(85.79 vs. 78%, 6A/6A+5A/6A vs. 5A/5A, P≤0.001). These data
imply the involvement of -1612 5A/6A polymorphism in coronary
stenosis, and suggest that probably the 6A/6A MMP-3 genotype is a
genetic susceptibility factor for coronary stenosis.
Abstract: Addition of milli or micro sized particles to the heat
transfer fluid is one of the many techniques employed for improving
heat transfer rate. Though this looks simple, this method has
practical problems such as high pressure loss, clogging and erosion
of the material of construction. These problems can be overcome by
using nanofluids, which is a dispersion of nanosized particles in a
base fluid. Nanoparticles increase the thermal conductivity of the
base fluid manifold which in turn increases the heat transfer rate.
Nanoparticles also increase the viscosity of the basefluid resulting in
higher pressure drop for the nanofluid compared to the base fluid. So
it is imperative that the Reynolds number (Re) and the volume
fraction have to be optimum for better thermal hydraulic
effectiveness. In this work, the heat transfer enhancement using
aluminium oxide nanofluid using low and high volume fraction
nanofluids in turbulent pipe flow with constant wall temperature has
been studied by computational fluid dynamic modeling of the
nanofluid flow adopting the single phase approach. Nanofluid, up till
a volume fraction of 1% is found to be an effective heat transfer
enhancement technique. The Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor
predictions for the low volume fractions (i.e. 0.02%, 0.1 and 0.5%)
agree very well with the experimental values of Sundar and Sharma
(2010). While, predictions for the high volume fraction nanofluids
(i.e. 1%, 4% and 6%) are found to have reasonable agreement with
both experimental and numerical results available in the literature.
So the computationally inexpensive single phase approach can be
used for heat transfer and pressure drop prediction of new nanofluids.
Abstract: This paper describes the design of a programmable
FSK-modulator based on VCO and its implementation in 0.35m
CMOS process. The circuit is used to transmit digital data at
100Kbps rate in the frequency range of 400-600MHz. The design
and operation of the modulator is discussed briefly. Further the
characteristics of PLL, frequency synthesizer, VCO and the whole
design are elaborated. The variation among the proposed and tested
specifications is presented. Finally, the layout of sub-modules, pin
configurations, final chip and test results are presented.
Abstract: The utilize of renewable energy sources becomes
more crucial and fascinatingly, wider application of renewable
energy devices at domestic, commercial and industrial levels is not
only affect to stronger awareness but also significantly installed
capacities. Moreover, biomass principally is in form of woods and
converts to be energy for using by humans for a long time.
Gasification is a process of conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel
into combustible gas by partial combustion. Many gasified models
have various operating conditions because the parameters kept in
each model are differentiated. This study applied the experimental
data including three inputs variables including biomass consumption;
temperature at combustion zone and ash discharge rate and gas flow
rate as only one output variable. In this paper, response surface
methods were applied for identification of the gasified system
equation suitable for experimental data. The result showed that linear
model gave superlative results.
Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the most
important catalytic reactions that convert the synthetic gas to light
and heavy hydrocarbons. One of the main issues is selecting the type
of reactor. The slurry bubble reactor is suitable choice for Fischer-
Tropsch synthesis because of its good qualification to transfer heat
and mass, high durability of catalyst, low cost maintenance and
repair. The more common catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are
Iron-based and Cobalt-based catalysts, the advantage of these
catalysts on each other depends on which type of hydrocarbons we
desire to produce. In this study, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is modeled
with Iron and Cobalt catalysts in a slurry bubble reactor considering
mass and momentum balance and the hydrodynamic relations effect
on the reactor behavior. Profiles of reactant conversion and reactant
concentration in gas and liquid phases were determined as the
functions of residence time in the reactor. The effects of temperature,
pressure, liquid velocity, reactor diameter, catalyst diameter, gasliquid
and liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients and kinetic
coefficients on the reactant conversion have been studied. With 5%
increase of liquid velocity (with Iron catalyst), H2 conversions
increase about 6% and CO conversion increase about 4%, With 8%
increase of liquid velocity (with Cobalt catalyst), H2 conversions
increase about 26% and CO conversion increase about 4%. With
20% increase of gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (with Iron
catalyst), H2 conversions increase about 12% and CO conversion
increase about 10% and with Cobalt catalyst H2 conversions increase
about 10% and CO conversion increase about 6%. Results show that
the process is sensitive to gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient and
optimum condition operation occurs in maximum possible liquid
velocity. This velocity must be more than minimum fluidization
velocity and less than terminal velocity in such a way that avoid
catalysts particles from leaving the fluidized bed.
Abstract: Intellectual capital measurement is a central aspect of knowledge management. The measurement and the evaluation of intangible assets play a key role in allowing an effective management of these assets as sources of competitiveness. For these reasons, managers and practitioners need conceptual and analytical tools taking into account the unique characteristics and economic significance of Intellectual Capital. Following this lead, we propose an efficiency and productivity analysis of Intellectual Capital, as a determinant factor of the company competitive advantage. The analysis is carried out by means of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). These techniques identify Bests Practice companies that have accomplished competitive advantage implementing successful strategies of Intellectual Capital management, and offer to inefficient companies development paths by means of benchmarking. The proposed methodology is employed on the Biotechnology industry in the period 2007-2010.
Abstract: The study aimed to evaluated the reproductive performance response to short term oestrus synchronization during the transition period. One hundred and sixty-five indigenous multiparous non-lactating goats were subdivided into the following six treatment groups for oestrus synchronization: NT control Group (N= 30), Fe-21d, FGA vaginal sponge for 21days+eCG at 19thd; FPe- 11d, FGA 11d + PGF2α and eCG at 9th d; FPe-10d, FGA 10d+ PGF2α and eCG at 8th d; FPe-9d, FGA 9d +PGF2α and eCG at 7thd; PFe-5d, PGF2α at d0 + FGA 5d + eCG at 5thd. The goats were natural mated (1 male/6 females). Fecundity rates (n. births /n. females treated x 100) were statistically higher (P < 0.05) in short term FPe-9d (157.9%), FPe- 11d (115.4%), FPe-10d (111.1%) and PFe-5d (107.7%) groups compared to the NT control Group (66.7%).
Abstract: Little attention has been paid to information
transmission between the portfolios of large stocks and small stocks in the Korean stock market. This study investigates the return and volatility transmission mechanisms between large and small stocks in
the Korea Exchange (KRX). This study also explores whether bad news in the large stock market leads to a volatility of the small stock
market that is larger than the good news volatility of the large stock market. By employing the Granger causality test, we found
unidirectional return transmissions from the large stocks to medium
and small stocks. This evidence indicates that pat information about
the large stocks has a better ability to predict the returns of the medium and small stocks in the Korean stock market. Moreover, by using the
asymmetric GARCH-BEKK model, we observed the unidirectional relationship of asymmetric volatility transmission from large stocks to
the medium and small stocks. This finding suggests that volatility in
the medium and small stocks following a negative shock in the large
stocks is larger than that following a positive shock in the large stocks.
Abstract: Nowadays there are several grid connected converter
in the grid system. These grid connected converters are generally the
converters of renewable energy sources, industrial four quadrant
drives and other converters with DC link. These converters are
connected to the grid through a three phase bridge. The standards
prescribe the maximal harmonic emission which could be easily
limited with high switching frequency. The increased switching
losses can be reduced to the half with the utilization of the wellknown
Flat-top modulation. The suggested control method is the
expansion of the Flat-top modulation with which the losses could be
also reduced to the half compared to the Flat-top modulation.
Comparing to traditional control these requirements can be
simultaneously satisfied much better with the DLF (DC Link
Floating) method.
Abstract: In today's world where everything is rapidly changing
and information technology is high in development, many features of culture, society, politic and economy has changed. The advent of
information technology and electronic data transmission lead to easy communication and fields like e-learning and e-commerce, are
accessible for everyone easily. One of these technologies is virtual
training. The "quality" of such kind of education systems is critical. 131 questionnaires were prepared and distributed among university
student in Toba University. So the research has followed factors that affect the quality of learning from the perspective of staff, students, professors and this type of university. It is concluded that the important factors in virtual training are the quality of professors, the
quality of staff, and the quality of the university. These mentioned factors were the most prior factors in this education system and
necessary for improving virtual training.
Abstract: The object of this paper is to design and analyze a
proportional – integral (PI) control for positive output elementary
super lift Luo converter (POESLLC), which is the start-of-the-art
DC-DC converter. The positive output elementary super lift Luo
converter performs the voltage conversion from positive source
voltage to positive load voltage. This paper proposes a
development of PI control capable of providing the good static and
dynamic performance compared to proportional – integralderivative
(PID) controller. Using state space average method
derives the dynamic equations describing the positive output
elementary super lift luo converter and PI control is designed. The
simulation model of the positive output elementary super lift Luo
converter with its control circuit is implemented in
Matlab/Simulink. The PI control for positive output elementary
super lift Luo converter is tested for transient region, line changes,
load changes, steady state region and also for components
variations.
Abstract: This study aimed to present the mechanical
performance evaluation of the dynamic hip screw (DHS) for
trochanteric fracture by means of finite element method. The
analyses were performed based on stainless steel and titanium
implant material definitions at various stages of bone healing and
including implant removal. The assessment of the mechanical
performance used two parameters, von Mises stress to evaluate the
strength of bone and implant and elastic strain to evaluate fracture
stability. The results show several critical aspects of dynamic hip
screw for trochanteric fracture stabilization. In the initial stage of
bone healing process, partial weight bearing should be applied to
avoid the implant failure. In the late stage of bone healing, stainless
steel implant should be removed.
Abstract: Turkey has 72 % of total world boron reserves on the
basis of B2O3.Borates that is a refined form of boron minerals have a
wide range of applications. Zinc borates can be used as multifunctional
synergistic additives. The most important properties are
low solubility in water and high dehydration temperature. Zinc
borates dehydrate above 290°C and anhydrous zinc borate has
thermal resistance about 400°C. Zinc borates can be synthesized
using several methods such as hydrothermal and solid-state
processes. In this study, the solid-state method was applied between
500 and 800°C using the starting materials of ZnO and H3BO3 with
1:4 mole ratio. The reaction time was determined as 4 hours after
some preliminary experiments. After the synthesis, the crystal
structure and the morphology of the products were examined by XRay
Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FT-IR) and Raman Spectrometer. As a result the form of ZnB4O7
was synthesized with the highest crystal score at 800°C.
Abstract: The broadcast problem including the plan design is
considered. The data are inserted and numbered at predefined order
into customized size relations. The server ability to create a full,
regular Broadcast Plan (RBP) with single and multiple channels after
some data transformations is examined. The Regular Geometric
Algorithm (RGA) prepares a RBP and enables the users to catch their
items avoiding energy waste of their devices. Moreover, the
Grouping Dimensioning Algorithm (GDA) based on integrated
relations can guarantee the discrimination of services with a
minimum number of channels. This last property among the selfmonitoring,
self-organizing, can be offered by servers today
providing also channel availability and less energy consumption by
using smaller number of channels. Simulation results are provided.
Abstract: Transcription factors are a group of proteins that
helps for interpreting the genetic information in DNA.
Protein-protein interactions play a major role in the execution
of key biological functions of a cell. These interactions are
represented in the form of a graph with nodes and edges.
Studies have showed that some nodes have high degree of
connectivity and such nodes, known as hub nodes, are the
inevitable parts of the network. In the present paper a method
is proposed to identify hub transcription factor proteins using
sequence information. On a complete data set of transcription
factor proteins available from the APID database, the
proposed method showed an accuracy of 77%, sensitivity of
79% and specificity of 76%.