Abstract: Roles of the vegetation to mitigate the erosion of the
stream bed or to facilitate the deposition of the fine sediments by the
species of the aquatic plants were presented. Field investigation on the
estimation of the change of the bed level and the estimation of the flow
characteristics were performed. The results showed that Phragmites
japonica has the mitigation function of 0.3m-0.4m of the erosion in the
range of higher than 1.0m/s of flow velocity at the vegetated region.
Phragmites communis has the mitigation function of 0.2m-0.3m of the
erosion in the range of higher than 0.7m/s of flow velocity at the
vegetated region. Salix gracilistyla has greater role than Phragmites
japonica and Phragmites communis to sustain the stable channel. It
has the mitigation function of 0.4m-0.5m of the erosion in the range of
higher than 1.4m/s of flow velocity. Miscanthus sacchariflorus has a
weak role compared with that of Phragmites japonica and Salix
gracilistyla, but it has still function for sustaining the stable bed. From
these results, the vegetation has effective roles to mitigate the erosion
or to facilitate the deposition of the stream bed.
Abstract: The addition of lime as Ca(OH)2 to sewage sludge to
destroy pathogens (Escherichia coli), was evaluated also in relation
to heavy metal bioavailability.
The obtained results show that the use of calcium hydroxide at the
dose of 3% effectively destroyed pathogens ensuring the stability at
high pH values over long period and the duration of the sewage
sludge stabilization. In general, lime addition decreased the total
extractability of heavy metals indicating a reduced bioavailability of
these elements. This is particularly important for a safe utilization in
agricultural soils to reduce the possible transfer of heavy metals to
the food chain.
Abstract: In this research, TRACE model of Chinshan BWR/4
nuclear power plant (NPP) has been developed for the simulation and
analysis of ultimate response guideline (URG).The main actions of
URG are the depressurization and low pressure water injection of
reactor and containment venting. This research focuses to verify the
URG efficiency under Fukushima-like conditions. TRACE analysis
results show that the URG can keep the PCT below the criteria
1088.7 K under Fukushima-like conditions. It indicated that Chinshan
NPP was safe.
Abstract: Froth flotation remains to date as one of the most used
metallurgical processes for concentrating metal-bearing minerals in
ores. Oxide ores are relatively less amenable to froth flotation and
require a judicious choice of reagents for the recovery of metals to be
optimised. Laboratory batch flotation tests were conducted to
determine the effect of two types of gasoil-rinkalore mixtures on the
flotation response of a copper cobalt oxide ore sample. The head
assay conducted on the initial ore sample showed that it contained
about 2.90% of Cu, 0.12% of Co.
Upon the flotation test work, the results obtained indicated that the
concentrate obtained with use of the mixture gazoil-rinkalore RX
yielded 8.24% Cu and 0.22% Co concentrate grades with recoveries
of 76.0% Cu and 78.0% Co respectively. But, the concentrate
obtained by use of the mixture gazoil-rinkalore RX3 yielded
relatively bad results with 5.92% Cu and 0.18% Cu concentrate
grades with recoveries of 70.3% Cu and 65.3% Co respectively.
Abstract: Software fault prediction models are created by using
the source code, processed metrics from the same or previous version
of code and related fault data. Some company do not store and keep
track of all artifacts which are required for software fault prediction.
To construct fault prediction model for such company, the training
data from the other projects can be one potential solution. Earlier we
predicted the fault the less cost it requires to correct. The training
data consists of metrics data and related fault data at function/module
level. This paper investigates fault predictions at early stage using the
cross-project data focusing on the design metrics. In this study,
empirical analysis is carried out to validate design metrics for cross
project fault prediction. The machine learning techniques used for
evaluation is Naïve Bayes. The design phase metrics of other projects
can be used as initial guideline for the projects where no previous
fault data is available. We analyze seven datasets from NASA
Metrics Data Program which offer design as well as code metrics.
Overall, the results of cross project is comparable to the within
company data learning.
Abstract: In order to use bitumen in hot mix asphalt, it must
have specific characteristics. There are some methods to reach these
properties. Using polymer modifiers are one of the methods to
modify the bitumen properties. In this paper the effect of Styrene-
Butadiene-Rubber that is one of the bitumen polymer modifiers on
rheology properties of bitumen is studied. In this regard, the
rheological properties of base bitumen and the modified bitumen with
3, 4, and 5 percent of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) were
analysed. The results show that bitumen modified with 5 percent of
SBR has the best performance than the other samples.
Abstract: This paper presents the design and characterization of
analog readout interface circuits for ion sensitive field effect
transistor (ISFET) and ion selective electrode (ISE) based sensor.
These interface circuits are implemented using MIMOS’s 0.35um
CMOS technology and experimentally characterized under 24-leads
QFN package. The characterization evaluates the circuit’s
functionality, output sensitivity and output linearity. Commercial
sensors for both ISFET and ISE are employed together with glass
reference electrode during testing. The test result shows that the
designed interface circuits manage to readout signals produced by
both sensors with measured sensitivity of ISFET and ISE sensor are
54mV/pH and 62mV/decade, respectively. The characterized output
linearity for both circuits achieves above 0.999 Rsquare. The readout
also has demonstrated reliable operation by passing all qualifications
in reliability test plan.
Abstract: The concept of national security in Iran is a
permanently effective factor in acceptance or rejection of many
international obligations. These obligations had been defined
according to the type of legislation of Iran in many aspects.
Therefore, there are several treaties at international level which
requires Iran’s security to come in contact with obligations in these
treaties in a way that an obstacle to join to them and their passage in
parliament. This issue is a typical category which every country pays
attention to be accepted in treaties or to include their national
security in that treaties and also they can see the related treaties from
this perspective, but this issue that 'what is the concept of Iran’s
national security', and 'To what extent it is changed in recent years,
especially after Islamic Revolution' are important issues that can be
criticized. Thus, this study is trying to assess singed treaties from the
perspective of Iran’s national security according of the true meaning
of treaty and to investigate how the international treaties may be in
conflict with Iran’s national security.
Abstract: There are many perceived advantages of microwave
ablation have driven researchers to develop innovative antennas to
effectively treat deep-seated, non-resectable hepatic tumors. In this
paper a coaxial antenna with a miniaturized sleeve choke has been
discussed for microwave interstitial ablation therapy, in order to
reduce backward heating effects irrespective of the insertion depth
into the tissue. Two dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) is
used to simulate and measure the results of miniaturized sleeve choke
antenna. This paper emphasizes the importance of factors that can
affect simulation accuracy, which include mesh resolution, surface
heating and reflection coefficient. Quarter wavelength choke
effectiveness has been discussed by comparing it with the unchoked
antenna with same dimensions.
Abstract: The article proposed intends to analyze the possibility
(and conditions) of a media regulation law in a democratic rule of law
in the twenty-first century. To do so, will be presented initially the
idea of the public sphere (by Jürgen Habermas), showing how it is
presented as an interface between the citizen and the state (or the
private and public) and how important is it in a deliberative
democracy. Based on this paradigm, the traditional perception of the
role of public information (such as system functional element) and on
the possibility of media regulation will be exposed, due to the public
nature of their activity. A critical argument will then be displayed
from two different perspectives: a) the formal function of the current
media information, considering that the digital age has fragmented
the information access; b) the concept of a constructive democracy,
which reduces the need for representation, changing the strategic
importance of the public sphere. The question to be addressed (based
on the comparative law) is if the regulation is justified in a
polycentric democracy, especially when it operates under the digital
age (with immediate and virtual communication). The proposal is to
be presented in the sense that even in a twenty-first century the media
in a democratic rule of law still has an extremely important role and
may be subject to regulation, but this should be on terms very
different (and narrower) from those usually defended.
Abstract: White concrete facade elements are widely used in
construction industry. It is challenging to achieve the desired
workability in casting of white concrete elements. Particle Matrix
model was used for proportioning the self-compacting white concrete
(SCWC) to control segregation and bleeding and to improve
workability. The paper presents how to reach the target slump flow
while controlling bleeding and segregation in SCWC. The amount of
aggregates, binders and mixing water, as well as type and dosage of
superplasticizer (SP) to be used are the major factors influencing the
properties of SCWC. Slump flow and compressive strength tests were
carried out to examine the performance of SCWC, and the results
indicate that the particle matrix model could produce successfully
SCWC controlling segregation and bleeding.
Abstract: Microstructural and electrical properties of
Cu-chromium alloy (Cu-Cr) dispersed with vapor-grown carbon fiber
(VGCF) prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) process have been
investigated. Cu-0.7 mass% Cr pre-alloyed powder (Cu-Cr) made by
water atomization process was used as raw materials, which contained
solid solute Cr elements in Cu matrix. The alloy powder coated with
un-bundled VGCF by using oil coating process was consolidated at
1223 K in vacuum by spark plasma sintering, and then extruded at
1073 K. The extruded Cu-Cr alloy (monolithic alloy) had 209.3 MPa
YS and 80.4 IACS% conductivity. The extruded Cu-Cr with 0.1
mass% VGCF composites revealed a small decrease of YS compared
to the monolithic Cu-Cr alloy. On the other hand, the composite had a
higher electrical conductivity than that of the monolithic alloy. For
example, Cu-Cr with 0.1 mass% VGCF composite sintered for 5 h
showed 182.7 MPa YS and 89.7 IACS% conductivity. In the case of
Cu-Cr with VGCFs composites, the Cr concentration was observed
around VGCF by SEM-EDS analysis, where Cr23C6 compounds were
detected by TEM observation. The amount of Cr solid solution in the
matrix of the Cu-Cr composites alloy was about 50% compared to the
monolithic Cu-Cr sintered alloy, and resulted in the remarkable
increment of the electrical conductivity.
Abstract: A Japanese manga character, Doraemon, was made by
Fujiko F. Fujio in 1969, was made into animation in 1973. The main
character, Doraemon, is a robot cat, and is a well-known Japanese
animated character. However, Doraemon is not only regarded as an
animation character but it is also used in educational and technological
programs in Japan.
This paper focuses on the background of Doraemon, educational
and technological perspectives on Doraemon, and comparison of the
original Japanese animation and the US remade version, and the
animator Fujiko’s dreams and hopes for Doraemon will be examined.
Since Doraemon has been exported as animation and manga to
overseas, perspectives toward Doraemon have changed. For example,
changes of stories and characters can been seen in the present
Doraemon animation. Not only the overseas TV productions which
broadcast Doraemon but also the Japanese production has to consider
violence, sexuality, etc. when editing episodes. Because of
representation of cultural differences, Japanese animation is thought to
contain more violence, discrimination, and sexuality in animation.
With responses from overseas, the Japanese production was cautious
about the US remade version. They cared about the US Broadcast
Standard, and tried to consider US customs and culture in the US
remade version. Seeing the difference, acculturation is necessary for
exports of animation overseas. Moreover, observing different aspects
of Doraemon domestically, Doraemon provides dreams and hopes to
children.
Abstract: This paper investigates simple implicit force control
algorithms realizable with industrial robots. A lot of approaches
already published are difficult to implement in commercial robot
controllers, because the access to the robot joint torques is necessary
or the complete dynamic model of the manipulator is used. In
the past we already deal with explicit force control of a position
controlled robot. Well known schemes of implicit force control are
stiffness control, damping control and impedance control. Using such
algorithms the contact force cannot be set directly. It is further
the result of controller impedance, environment impedance and
the commanded robot motion/position. The relationships of these
properties are worked out in this paper in detail for the chosen
implicit approaches. They have been adapted to be implementable
on a position controlled robot. The behaviors of stiffness control
and damping control are verified by practical experiments. For this
purpose a suitable test bed was configured. Using the full mechanical
impedance within the controller structure will not be practical in the
case when the robot is in physical contact with the environment. This
fact will be verified by simulation.
Abstract: Thousands of organisations store important and
confidential information related to them, their customers, and their
business partners in databases all across the world. The stored data
ranges from less sensitive (e.g. first name, last name, date of birth) to
more sensitive data (e.g. password, pin code, and credit card
information). Losing data, disclosing confidential information or
even changing the value of data are the severe damages that
Structured Query Language injection (SQLi) attack can cause on a
given database. It is a code injection technique where malicious SQL
statements are inserted into a given SQL database by simply using a
web browser. In this paper, we propose an effective pattern
recognition neural network model for detection and classification of
SQLi attacks. The proposed model is built from three main elements
of: a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) generator in order to generate
thousands of malicious and benign URLs, a URL classifier in order
to: 1) classify each generated URL to either a benign URL or a
malicious URL and 2) classify the malicious URLs into different
SQLi attack categories, and a NN model in order to: 1) detect either a
given URL is a malicious URL or a benign URL and 2) identify the
type of SQLi attack for each malicious URL. The model is first
trained and then evaluated by employing thousands of benign and
malicious URLs. The results of the experiments are presented in
order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to estimate the US small
wind turbines market potential and forecast the small wind turbines
sales in the US. The forecasting method is based on the application of
the Bass model and the generalized Bass model of innovations
diffusion under replacement purchases. In the work an exponential
distribution is used for modeling of replacement purchases. Only one
parameter of such distribution is determined by average lifetime of
small wind turbines. The identification of the model parameters is
based on nonlinear regression analysis on the basis of the annual
sales statistics which has been published by the American Wind
Energy Association (AWEA) since 2001 up to 2012. The estimation
of the US average market potential of small wind turbines (for
adoption purchases) without account of price changes is 57080
(confidence interval from 49294 to 64866 at P = 0.95) under average
lifetime of wind turbines 15 years, and 62402 (confidence interval
from 54154 to 70648 at P = 0.95) under average lifetime of wind
turbines 20 years. In the first case the explained variance is 90,7%,
while in the second - 91,8%. The effect of the wind turbines price
changes on their sales was estimated using generalized Bass model.
This required a price forecast. To do this, the polynomial regression
function, which is based on the Berkeley Lab statistics, was used. The
estimation of the US average market potential of small wind turbines
(for adoption purchases) in that case is 42542 (confidence interval
from 32863 to 52221 at P = 0.95) under average lifetime of wind
turbines 15 years, and 47426 (confidence interval from 36092 to
58760 at P = 0.95) under average lifetime of wind turbines 20 years.
In the first case the explained variance is 95,3%, while in the second
– 95,3%.
Abstract: Extracting and determining chlorophyll pigments
(chlorophyll a and b) in green leaves are the procedures based on the
solvent extraction of pigments in samples using N,Ndimethylformamide
as the extractant. In this study, two species of
soluble inorganic selenium forms, selenite (SeIV) and selenate (SeVI)
at different concentrations were investigated on maize plants that
were growing in nutrient solutions during 2 weeks and at the end of
the experiment, amounts of chlorophyll a and b for first and second
leaves of maize were measured. In accordance with the results we
observed that our regarded Se concentrations in both forms of SeIV
and SeVI were not effective on maize plants’ chlorophyll a and b
significantly although high level of 3 mg.kg-1 SeIV had negative affect
on growth of the samples that had been treated by it but about SeVI
samples we did not observe this state and our different considered
SeVI concentrations were not toxic for maize plants.
Abstract: Transportation of long turbine blades from one place
to another is a difficult process. Hence a feasibility study of
modularization of wind turbine blade was taken from structural
standpoint through finite element analysis. Initially, a non-segmented
blade is modeled and its structural behavior is evaluated to serve as
reference. The resonant, static bending and fatigue tests are simulated
in accordance with IEC61400-23 standard for comparison purpose.
The non-segmented test blade is separated at suitable location based
on trade off studies and the segments are joined with an innovative
double strap bonded joint configuration. The adhesive joint is
modeled by adopting cohesive zone modeling approach in ANSYS.
The developed blade model is analyzed for its structural response
through simulation. Performances of both the blades are found to be
similar, which indicates that, efficient segmentation of the long blade
is possible which facilitates easy transportation of the blades and on
site reassembling. The location selected for segmentation and
adopted joint configuration has resulted in an efficient segmented
blade model which proves the methodology adopted for segmentation
was quite effective. The developed segmented blade appears to be the
viable alternative considering its structural response specifically in
fatigue within considered assumptions.
Abstract: The paper deals with the classical fiber bundle model
of equal load sharing, sometimes referred to as the Daniels’ bundle
or the democratic bundle. Daniels formulated a multidimensional
integral and also a recursive formula for evaluation of the
strength cumulative distribution function. This paper describes
three algorithms for evaluation of the recursive formula and also
their implementations with source codes in the Python high-level
programming language. A comparison of the algorithms are provided
with respect to execution time. Analysis of orders of magnitudes of
addends in the recursion is also provided.
Abstract: The area of liberty, security and justice within the
European Union is still a work in progress. No one can deny that the
EU struggles between a monistic and a dualist approach.
The aim of our essay is to first review how the European law is
perceived by the rest of the international scene. It will then discuss
two main mechanisms at play: the interpretation of larger
international treaties and the penal mechanisms of European law.
Finally, it will help us understand the role of a penal Europe on the
international scene with concrete examples.
Special attention will be paid to cases that deal with fundamental
rights as they represent an interesting case study in Europe and in the
rest of the World. It could illustrate the aforementioned duality
currently present in the Union’s interpretation of international public
law. On the other hand, it will explore some specific European penal
mechanism through mutual recognition and the European arrest
warrant in the transnational criminality frame.
Concerning the interpretation of the treaties, it will first, underline
the ambiguity and the general nature of some treaties that leave the
EU exposed to tension and misunderstanding then it will review the
validity of an EU act (whether or not it is compatible with the rules of
International law).
Finally, it will focus on the most complete manifestation of liberty,
security and justice through the principle of mutual recognition. Used
initially in commercial matters, it has become “the cornerstone” of
European construction. It will see how it is applied in judicial
decisions (its main event and achieving success is via the European
arrest warrant) and how European member states have managed to
develop this cooperation.