Abstract: Based on a non-linear single track model which
describes the dynamics of vehicle, an optimal path planning strategy
is developed. Real time optimization is used to generate reference
control values to allow leading the vehicle alongside a calculated lane
which is optimal for different objectives such as energy consumption,
run time, safety or comfort characteristics. Strict mathematic
formulation of the autonomous driving allows taking decision on
undefined situation such as lane change or obstacle avoidance. Based
on position of the vehicle, lane situation and obstacle position, the
optimization problem is reformulated in real-time to avoid the
obstacle and any car crash.
Abstract: There are three distinct stages in the evolution of
economic thought, namely:
1. in the first stage, the major concern was to accelerate
economic growth with increased availability of material
goods, especially in developing economies with very low
living standards, because poverty eradication meant faster
economic growth.
2. in the second stage, economists made distinction between
growth and development. Development was seen as going
beyond economic growth, and bringing certain changes in
the structure of the economy with more equitable
distribution of the benefits of growth, with the growth
coming automatic and sustained.
3. the third stage is now reached. Our concern is now with
“sustainable development", that is, development not only
for the present but also of the future.
Thus the focus changed from “sustained growth" to “sustained
development". Sustained development brings to the fore the long
term relationship between the ecology and economic development.
Since the creation of UNEP in 1972 it has worked for
development without destruction for environmentally sound and
sustained development. It was realised that the environment cannot
be viewed in a vaccum, it is not separate from development, nor is it
competing. It suggested for the integration of the environment with
development whereby ecological factors enter development planning,
socio-economic policies, cost-benefit analysis, trade, technology
transfer, waste management, educational and other specific areas.
Industrialisation has contributed to the growth of economy of
several countries. It has improved the standards of living of its people
and provided benefits to the society. It has also created in the process
great environmental problems like climate change, forest destruction
and denudation, soil erosion and desertification etc.
On the other hand, industry has provided jobs and improved the
prospects of wealth for the industrialists. The working class
communities had to simply put up with the high levels of pollution in
order to keep up their jobs and also to save their income.
There are many roots of the environmental problem. They may be
political, economic, cultural and technological conditions of the
modern society. The experts concede that industrial growth lies
somewhere close to the heart of the matter. Therefore, the objective
of this paper is not to document all roots of an environmental crisis
but rather to discuss the effects of industrial growth and
development.
We have come to the conclusion that although public intervention
is often unnecessary to ensure that perfectly competitive markets will
function in society-s best interests, such intervention is necessary
when firms or consumers pollute.
Abstract: The objective of this paper was to designing a
ventilation system to enhance the performance of roof solar collector
(RSC) for reducing heat accumulation inside the house. The RSC has
1.8 m2 surface area made of CPAC monier roof tiles on the upper part
and gypsum board on the lower part. The space between CPAC
monier and gypsum board was fixed at 14 cm.
Ventilation system of modified roof solar collector (modified
RSC) consists of 9 tubes of 0.15m diameter and installed in the
lower part of RSC. Experimental result showed that the temperature
of the room, and attic temperature. The average temperature
reduction of room of house used modified RSC is about 2oC. and the
percentage of room temperature reduction varied between 0 to 10%.
Therefore, modified RSC is an interesting option in the sense that it
promotes solar energy and conserve energy.
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to contribute the
existing knowledge transfer and IT Outsourcing literature
specifically in the context of Malaysia by reviewing the current
practices of e-government IT outsourcing in Malaysia including the
issues and challenges faced by the public agencies in transferring the
knowledge during the engagement. This paper discusses various
factors and different theoretical model of knowledge transfer starting
from the traditional model to the recent model suggested by the
scholars. The present paper attempts to align organizational
knowledge from the knowledge-based view (KBV) and
organizational learning (OL) lens. This review could help shape the
direction of both future theoretical and empirical studies on inter-firm
knowledge transfer specifically on how KBV and OL perspectives
could play significant role in explaining the complex relationships
between the client and vendor in inter-firm knowledge transfer and
the role of organizational management information system and
Transactive Memory System (TMS) to facilitate the organizational
knowledge transferring process. Conclusion is drawn and further
research is suggested.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to study factors,
which were affected on surface roughness in high speed milling of
hardened tool steel. Material used in the experiment was tool steel JIS
SKD 61 that hardened on 60 ±2 HRC. Full factorial experimental
design was conducted on 3 factors and 3 levels (3
3
designs) with 2
replications. Factors were consisted of cutting speed, feed rate, and
depth of cut. The results showed that influenced factor affected to
surface roughness was cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut which
showed statistical significant. Higher cutting speed would cause on
better surface quality. On the other hand, higher feed rate would cause
on poorer surface quality. Interaction of factor was found that cutting
speed and depth of cut were significantly to surface quality. The
interaction of high cutting speed associated with low depth of cut
affected to better surface quality than low cutting speed and high depth
of cut.
Abstract: The trends of design and development of information systems have undergone a variety of ongoing phases and stages. These variations have been evolved due to brisk changes in user requirements and business needs. To meet these requirements and needs, a flexible and agile business solution was required to come up with the latest business trends and styles. Another obstacle in agility of information systems was typically different treatment of same diseases of two patients: business processes and information services. After the emergence of information technology, the business processes and information systems have become counterparts. But these two business halves have been treated under totally different standards. There is need to streamline the boundaries of these both pillars that are equally sharing information system's burdens and liabilities. In last decade, the object orientation has evolved into one of the major solutions for modern business needs and now, SOA is the solution to shift business on ranks of electronic platform. BPM is another modern business solution that assists to regularize optimization of business processes. This paper discusses how object orientation can be conformed to incorporate or embed SOA in BPM for improved information systems.
Abstract: With the advent of inexpensive 32 bit floating point digital signal processor-s availability in market, many computationally intensive algorithms such as Kalman filter becomes feasible to implement in real time. Dynamic simulation of a self excited DC motor using second order state variable model and implementation of Kalman Filter in a floating point DSP TMS320C6713 is presented in this paper with an objective to introduce and implement such an algorithm, for beginners. A fractional hp DC motor is simulated in both Matlab® and DSP and the results are included. A step by step approach for simulation of DC motor in Matlab® and “C" routines in CC Studio® is also given. CC studio® project file details and environmental setting requirements are addressed. This tutorial can be used with 6713 DSK, which is based on floating point DSP and CC Studio either in hardware mode or in simulation mode.
Abstract: This paper is to investigate the impplementation of security
mechanism in object oriented database system. Formal methods
plays an essential role in computer security due to its powerful expressiveness
and concise syntax and semantics. In this paper, both issues
of specification and implementation in database security environment
will be considered; and the database security is achieved through
the development of an efficient implementation of the specification
without compromising its originality and expressiveness.
Abstract: Knowledge sharing in general and the contextual
access to knowledge in particular, still represent a key challenge in
the knowledge management framework. Researchers on semantic
web and human machine interface study techniques to enhance this
access. For instance, in semantic web, the information retrieval is
based on domain ontology. In human machine interface, keeping
track of user's activity provides some elements of the context that can
guide the access to information. We suggest an approach based on
these two key guidelines, whilst avoiding some of their weaknesses.
The approach permits a representation of both the context and the
design rationale of a project for an efficient access to knowledge. In
fact, the method consists of an information retrieval environment
that, in the one hand, can infer knowledge, modeled as a semantic
network, and on the other hand, is based on the context and the
objectives of a specific activity (the design). The environment we
defined can also be used to gather similar project elements in order to
build classifications of tasks, problems, arguments, etc. produced in a
company. These classifications can show the evolution of design
strategies in the company.
Abstract: Results of Chilean wine classification based on the
information provided by an electronic nose are reported in this paper.
The classification scheme consists of two parts; in the first stage,
Principal Component Analysis is used as feature extraction method to
reduce the dimensionality of the original information. Then, Radial
Basis Functions Neural Networks is used as pattern recognition
technique to perform the classification. The objective of this study is
to classify different Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Carménère wine
samples from different years, valleys and vineyards of Chile.
Abstract: Conjugate natural convection in a differentially heated
square enclosure containing a polygon shaped object is studied numerically in this article. The effect of various polygon types on the
fluid flow and thermal performance of the enclosure is addressed for
different thermal conductivities. The governing equations are modeled
and solved numerically using the built-in finite element method of COMSOL software. It is found that the heat transfer rate remains
stable by varying the polygon types.
Abstract: Sub-prime mortgage crisis which began in the US is
regarded as the most economic crisis since the Great Depression in the
early 20th century. Especially, hidden problems on efficient operation
of a business were disclosed at a time and many financial institutions
went bankrupt and filed for court receivership. The collapses of
physical market lead to bankruptcy of manufacturing and construction
businesses. This study is to analyze dynamic efficiency of construction
businesses during the five years at the turn of the global financial
crisis. By discovering the trend and stability of efficiency of a
construction business, this study-s objective is to improve
management efficiency of a construction business in the
ever-changing construction market. Variables were selected by
analyzing corporate information on top 20 construction businesses in
Korea and analyzed for static efficiency in 2008 and dynamic
efficiency between 2006 and 2010. Unlike other studies, this study
succeeded in deducing efficiency trend and stability of a construction
business for five years by using the DEA/Window model. Using the
analysis result, efficient and inefficient companies could be figured
out. In addition, relative efficiency among DMU was measured by
comparing the relationship between input and output variables of
construction businesses. This study can be used as a literature to
improve management efficiency for companies with low efficiency
based on efficiency analysis of construction businesses.
Abstract: “Web of Trust" is one of the recognized goals for
Web 2.0. It aims to make it possible for the people to take
responsibility for what they publish on the web, including
organizations, businesses and individual users. These objectives,
among others, drive most of the technologies and protocols recently
standardized by the governing bodies. One of the great advantages of
Web infrastructure is decentralization of publication. The primary
motivation behind Web 2.0 is to assist the people to add contents for
Collective Intelligence (CI) while providing mechanisms to link
content with people for evaluations and accountability of
information. Such structure of contents will interconnect users and
contents so that users can use contents to find participants and vice
versa. This paper proposes conceptual information storage and
linking model, based on decentralized information structure, that
links contents and people together. The model uses FOAF, Atom,
RDF and RDFS and can be used as a blueprint to develop Web 2.0
applications for any e-domain. However, primary target for this
paper is online trust evaluation domain. The proposed model targets
to assist the individuals to establish “Web of Trust" in online trust
domain.
Abstract: The research object was wheat bread. Experiments
were carried out at the Faculty of Food Technology of the Latvia
University of Agriculture. An active packaging in combination with
modified atmosphere (MAP, CO2 60% and N2 40%) was examined
and compared with traditional packaging in air ambiance. Polymer
Multibarrier 60, PP and OPP bags were used. Influence of iron based
oxygen absorber in sachets of 100 cc obtained from Mitsubishi Gas
Chemical Europe Ageless® was tested on the quality during the shelf
of wheat bread. Samples of 40±4 g were packaged in polymer
pouches (110 mm x 120 mm), hermetically sealed by MULTIVAC
C300 vacuum chamber machine, and stored in room temperature
+21.0±0.5 °C. The physiochemical properties – weight losses,
moisture content, hardness, pH, colour, changes of atmosphere
content (CO2 and O2) in headspace of packs, and microbial
conditions were analysed before packaging and in the 7th, 14th, 21st
and 28th days of storage.
Abstract: The research objective of the project and article “The impact of Structural Funds on the growth of competitiveness of Polish agriculture" is to assess competitiveness of regions in Poland from the perspective of Polish agriculture by analysing the efficiency of the use of Structural Funds, the economic procedure of their distribution and the regulatory and organisational framework under the Rural Development Programme (RDP). It must be stressed that defining the scope of research in the above manner limits the analysis only to the part of Structural Funds directed to support Polish agriculture.
Abstract: Rule Discovery is an important technique for mining knowledge from large databases. Use of objective measures for discovering interesting rules lead to another data mining problem, although of reduced complexity. Data mining researchers have studied subjective measures of interestingness to reduce the volume of discovered rules to ultimately improve the overall efficiency of KDD process. In this paper we study novelty of the discovered rules as a subjective measure of interestingness. We propose a hybrid approach that uses objective and subjective measures to quantify novelty of the discovered rules in terms of their deviations from the known rules. We analyze the types of deviation that can arise between two rules and categorize the discovered rules according to the user specified threshold. We implement the proposed framework and experiment with some public datasets. The experimental results are quite promising.
Abstract: Transesterification of candlenut (aleurites moluccana)
oil with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst was
studied. The objective of the present investigation was to produce
the methyl ester for use as biodiesel. The operation variables
employed were methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1 – 9:1), catalyst
concentration (0.50 – 1.5 %) and temperature (303 – 343K). Oil
volume of 150 mL, reaction time of 75 min were fixed as common
parameters in all the experiments. The concentration of methyl ester
was evaluated by mass balance of free glycerol formed which was
analyzed by using periodic acid. The optimal triglyceride conversion
was attained by using methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, potassium
hydroxide as catalyst was of 1%, at room temperature. Methyl ester
formed was characterized by its density, viscosity, cloud and pour
points. The biodiesel properties had properties similar to those of
diesel oil, except for the viscosity that was higher.
Abstract: A large number of chemical, bio-chemical and pollution-control processes use heterogeneous fixed-bed reactors. The use of finite hollow cylindrical catalyst pellets can enhance conversion levels in such reactors. The absence of the pellet core can significantly lower the diffusional resistance associated with the solid phase. This leads to a better utilization of the catalytic material, which is reflected in the higher values for the effectiveness factor, leading ultimately to an enhanced conversion level in the reactor. It is however important to develop a rigorous heterogeneous model for the reactor incorporating the two-dimensional feature of the solid phase owing to the presence of the finite hollow cylindrical catalyst pellet. Presently, heterogeneous models reported in the literature invariably employ one-dimension solid phase models meant for spherical catalyst pellets. The objective of the paper is to present a rigorous model of the fixed-bed reactors containing finite hollow cylindrical catalyst pellets. The reaction kinetics considered here is the widely used Michaelis–Menten kinetics for the liquid-phase bio-chemical reactions. The reaction parameters used here are for the enzymatic degradation of urea. Results indicate that increasing the height to diameter ratio helps to improve the conversion level. On the other hand, decreasing the thickness is apparently not as effective. This could however be explained in terms of the higher void fraction of the bed that causes a smaller amount of the solid phase to be packed in the fixed-bed bio-chemical reactor.
Abstract: Vehicle suspension design must fulfill
some conflicting criteria. Among those is ride comfort
which is attained by minimizing the acceleration
transmitted to the sprung mass, via suspension spring
and damper. Also good handling of a vehicle is a
desirable property which requires stiff suspension and
therefore is in contrast with a vehicle with good ride.
Among the other desirable features of a suspension is
the minimization of the maximum travel of suspension.
This travel which is called suspension working space in
vehicle dynamics literature is also a design constraint
and it favors good ride. In this research a full car 8
degrees of freedom model has been developed and the
three above mentioned criteria, namely: ride, handling
and working space has been adopted as objective
functions. The Multi Objective Programming (MOP)
discipline has been used to find the Pareto Front and
some reasoning used to chose a design point between
these non dominated points of Pareto Front.
Abstract: Project managers are the ultimate responsible for the
overall characteristics of a project, i.e. they should deliver the project
on time with minimum cost and with maximum quality. It is vital for
any manager to decide a trade-off between these conflicting
objectives and they will be benefited of any scientific decision
support tool. Our work will try to determine optimal solutions (rather
than a single optimal solution) from which the project manager will
select his desirable choice to run the project. In this paper, the
problem in project scheduling notated as
(1,T|cpm,disc,mu|curve:quality,time,cost) will be studied. The
problem is multi-objective and the purpose is finding the Pareto
optimal front of time, cost and quality of a project
(curve:quality,time,cost), whose activities belong to a start to finish
activity relationship network (cpm) and they can be done in different
possible modes (mu) which are non-continuous or discrete (disc), and
each mode has a different cost, time and quality . The project is
constrained to a non-renewable resource i.e. money (1,T). Because
the problem is NP-Hard, to solve the problem, a meta-heuristic is
developed based on a version of genetic algorithm specially adapted
to solve multi-objective problems namely FastPGA. A sample project
with 30 activities is generated and then solved by the proposed
method.