Biodiesel Production from High Iodine Number Candlenut Oil
Transesterification of candlenut (aleurites moluccana)
oil with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst was
studied. The objective of the present investigation was to produce
the methyl ester for use as biodiesel. The operation variables
employed were methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1 – 9:1), catalyst
concentration (0.50 – 1.5 %) and temperature (303 – 343K). Oil
volume of 150 mL, reaction time of 75 min were fixed as common
parameters in all the experiments. The concentration of methyl ester
was evaluated by mass balance of free glycerol formed which was
analyzed by using periodic acid. The optimal triglyceride conversion
was attained by using methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, potassium
hydroxide as catalyst was of 1%, at room temperature. Methyl ester
formed was characterized by its density, viscosity, cloud and pour
points. The biodiesel properties had properties similar to those of
diesel oil, except for the viscosity that was higher.
[1] N. Foidl, G. Foidl, M. Sanchez, M. Mistelbach, S. Hackel, "Jatropha
curcas L. as sources for the production of biofuel in Nicaragua,"
Bioresource Technol, vol 58, pp 77-84, 1996.
[2] O. E. Ikwuagwu, I. C. Ononogbu, O. U. Njoku, "Production of
biodiesel using rubber [ Hevea Brasiliensis (kunth. Muell.)] seed oil,"
Ind. Crops and Product, vol 12, pp 57-62, 2000
[3] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj, C. Muraleedharan, C., "Biodiesel
production from high FFA rubber seed oil," Fuel, vol 4, pp 335-340,
2005.
[4] L. Canoira, R. Alcantara, M.J. Garcia-Martinez, J. Carrasco,
"Biodiesel from Jojoba oil-wax: transesterification with methanol and
properties as a fuel," Biomass and Bioenergy, vol 30, pp 76 -81, 2006
[5] S. V. Ghadge, H. Raheman, "Biodiesel production from mahua
(Madhuca indica) oil having high free fatty acids," Biomass and
Bioenergy, vol 28, pp 601-605, 2005
[6] S. K. Karmee, A. Chadha, "Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of
Pongamia pinnata", Bioresource Technol," vol 96, pp 1425-1429.
2005
[7] P. K. Sahoo, L. M. Das, M. K. G. Babu, and S. N. Naik, " Biodiesel
development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance
evaluation in a CI engine," Fuel, vol 86, pp 448-454, 2007.
[8] H. Sulistyo, I. M. Suardjaja, S. S. Rahayu, " Transesterification of
candlenut oil with ethanol to biodiesel" Proceeding on Regional
Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE2006) 4-6 December
2006, Singapore, 2006
[9] F. Ma, H. A. Hanna, M.A., 1999,"Biodiesel production: a review,"
Bioresource Technol., vol 70, pp 1-15, 1999
[10] H. Sulistyo, S. S. Rahayu, I. M. Suardjaja, A. P. Sarjono, G.
Manshuri, G.,"Proses penyiapan bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel dari
minyak kemiri", Media Teknik, Oktober 2008.
[11] G. Vicente, M. Martinez, J. Aracil, A. Esteban, "Kinetics of sunflower
oil methanolysis," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol 44, pp 5447-5454, 2005
[12] A. Tomasevic, S. S Silver-Marinkovic,"Methanolysis of used frying
oil," Fuel. Proc. Technol., vol 81, pp 1-6., 2003
[13] K. Lee, J. X. Yu, J. H. Mei, L. Yan, Y. Kim, K. Chung, ,"A kinetic
study on the of glyceril monooleate and soybean used frying oil to
biodiesel," J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol 13, pp 799-807, 2007
[14] S. Zullaikah, C. Lai,S. R. Vali, Y. Ju, "A two-step acid-catalyzed
process for production of biodiesel from rice bran oil", Bioresouce
Technol., vol 96, pp 1889-1896, 2005
[15] B. Freedman, E.H. Pryde, T. L. Mounts, "Variable affecting the yields
of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils," J. Am. Oil. Chem.
Soc., vol 61, pp 1638-1643, 1984
[16] S. S. Rahayu, I. M. Suardjaja, Sofiyah dan H. Sulistyo, "Biodiesel
dari minyak jarak; Proses pembuatan dan uji kinerja mesin diesel,"
Laporan penelitian Hibah Bersaing XI, DP3M Dikti Jakarta, 2004
[17] J. M. Encinar, J. F. Gonzalez, J. J. Rodriguez, A. Tejedor, " Biodiesel
fuels from vegetable oils: Tranesterification of cynara cardunculus L.
oils with ethanol," Energy & Fuels, vol 16, pp 443 -450, 2002
[18] J. .M. Encinar, J.F. Gonzalez, A. Rodriguez-Reinares, "Biodiesel
from used frying oil. variables affecting the yields and characteristics
of the biodiesel," Ind. Eng. Chem.Res., vol 44, pp 5491-5499, 2005
[19] B. Freedman, R. O. Butterfield, E. H. Pryde, "Transesterification
kinetics of soybean oil," J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., vol 63, pp 1375-
1380, 1986
[20] K. Krisnamgkura, R. Simamaharnnop,"Continuous transmethylation
of palm oil in organic solvent," J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., vol 69, pp
166-172. 1992
[1] N. Foidl, G. Foidl, M. Sanchez, M. Mistelbach, S. Hackel, "Jatropha
curcas L. as sources for the production of biofuel in Nicaragua,"
Bioresource Technol, vol 58, pp 77-84, 1996.
[2] O. E. Ikwuagwu, I. C. Ononogbu, O. U. Njoku, "Production of
biodiesel using rubber [ Hevea Brasiliensis (kunth. Muell.)] seed oil,"
Ind. Crops and Product, vol 12, pp 57-62, 2000
[3] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj, C. Muraleedharan, C., "Biodiesel
production from high FFA rubber seed oil," Fuel, vol 4, pp 335-340,
2005.
[4] L. Canoira, R. Alcantara, M.J. Garcia-Martinez, J. Carrasco,
"Biodiesel from Jojoba oil-wax: transesterification with methanol and
properties as a fuel," Biomass and Bioenergy, vol 30, pp 76 -81, 2006
[5] S. V. Ghadge, H. Raheman, "Biodiesel production from mahua
(Madhuca indica) oil having high free fatty acids," Biomass and
Bioenergy, vol 28, pp 601-605, 2005
[6] S. K. Karmee, A. Chadha, "Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of
Pongamia pinnata", Bioresource Technol," vol 96, pp 1425-1429.
2005
[7] P. K. Sahoo, L. M. Das, M. K. G. Babu, and S. N. Naik, " Biodiesel
development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance
evaluation in a CI engine," Fuel, vol 86, pp 448-454, 2007.
[8] H. Sulistyo, I. M. Suardjaja, S. S. Rahayu, " Transesterification of
candlenut oil with ethanol to biodiesel" Proceeding on Regional
Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE2006) 4-6 December
2006, Singapore, 2006
[9] F. Ma, H. A. Hanna, M.A., 1999,"Biodiesel production: a review,"
Bioresource Technol., vol 70, pp 1-15, 1999
[10] H. Sulistyo, S. S. Rahayu, I. M. Suardjaja, A. P. Sarjono, G.
Manshuri, G.,"Proses penyiapan bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel dari
minyak kemiri", Media Teknik, Oktober 2008.
[11] G. Vicente, M. Martinez, J. Aracil, A. Esteban, "Kinetics of sunflower
oil methanolysis," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol 44, pp 5447-5454, 2005
[12] A. Tomasevic, S. S Silver-Marinkovic,"Methanolysis of used frying
oil," Fuel. Proc. Technol., vol 81, pp 1-6., 2003
[13] K. Lee, J. X. Yu, J. H. Mei, L. Yan, Y. Kim, K. Chung, ,"A kinetic
study on the of glyceril monooleate and soybean used frying oil to
biodiesel," J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol 13, pp 799-807, 2007
[14] S. Zullaikah, C. Lai,S. R. Vali, Y. Ju, "A two-step acid-catalyzed
process for production of biodiesel from rice bran oil", Bioresouce
Technol., vol 96, pp 1889-1896, 2005
[15] B. Freedman, E.H. Pryde, T. L. Mounts, "Variable affecting the yields
of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils," J. Am. Oil. Chem.
Soc., vol 61, pp 1638-1643, 1984
[16] S. S. Rahayu, I. M. Suardjaja, Sofiyah dan H. Sulistyo, "Biodiesel
dari minyak jarak; Proses pembuatan dan uji kinerja mesin diesel,"
Laporan penelitian Hibah Bersaing XI, DP3M Dikti Jakarta, 2004
[17] J. M. Encinar, J. F. Gonzalez, J. J. Rodriguez, A. Tejedor, " Biodiesel
fuels from vegetable oils: Tranesterification of cynara cardunculus L.
oils with ethanol," Energy & Fuels, vol 16, pp 443 -450, 2002
[18] J. .M. Encinar, J.F. Gonzalez, A. Rodriguez-Reinares, "Biodiesel
from used frying oil. variables affecting the yields and characteristics
of the biodiesel," Ind. Eng. Chem.Res., vol 44, pp 5491-5499, 2005
[19] B. Freedman, R. O. Butterfield, E. H. Pryde, "Transesterification
kinetics of soybean oil," J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., vol 63, pp 1375-
1380, 1986
[20] K. Krisnamgkura, R. Simamaharnnop,"Continuous transmethylation
of palm oil in organic solvent," J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., vol 69, pp
166-172. 1992
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:56049", author = "Hary Sulistyo and Suprihastuti S. Rahayu and Gatot Winoto and I M. Suardjaja", title = "Biodiesel Production from High Iodine Number Candlenut Oil", abstract = "Transesterification of candlenut (aleurites moluccana)
oil with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst was
studied. The objective of the present investigation was to produce
the methyl ester for use as biodiesel. The operation variables
employed were methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1 – 9:1), catalyst
concentration (0.50 – 1.5 %) and temperature (303 – 343K). Oil
volume of 150 mL, reaction time of 75 min were fixed as common
parameters in all the experiments. The concentration of methyl ester
was evaluated by mass balance of free glycerol formed which was
analyzed by using periodic acid. The optimal triglyceride conversion
was attained by using methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, potassium
hydroxide as catalyst was of 1%, at room temperature. Methyl ester
formed was characterized by its density, viscosity, cloud and pour
points. The biodiesel properties had properties similar to those of
diesel oil, except for the viscosity that was higher.", keywords = "biodiesel, candlenut, methyl ester, transestrification", volume = "2", number = "12", pages = "370-4", }
