Abstract: Personnel protection devices are cardinal in safety hazard applications. They are widely used in home, office and in industry environments to reduce the risk of lethal shock to human being and equipment safety. This paper briefly reviews various personnel protection devices also describes the basic working principle of conventional ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) or ground fault isolator (GFI), its disadvantages and ways to overcome the disadvantages with solid-state relay (SSR) based GFI with ultrafast response up on fault implemented in printed circuit board. This solid state GFI comprises discrete MOSFET based alternating current (AC) switches, linear optical amplifier, photovoltaic isolator and sense resistor. In conventional GFI, current transformer is employed as a sensing element to detect the difference in current flow between live and neutral conductor. If there is no fault in equipment powered through GFI, due to insulation failure of internal wires and windings of motors, both live and neutral currents will be equal in magnitude and opposite in phase.
Abstract: Having done in this study, air-conditioning
automation for patisserie shopwindow was designed. In the cooling
sector it is quite important to cooling up the air temperature in the
shopwindow within short time interval. Otherwise the patisseries
inside of the shopwindow will be spoilt in a few days. Additionally
the humidity is other important parameter for the patisseries kept in
shopwindow. It must be raised up to desired level in a quite short
time. Traditional patisserie shopwindows only allow controlling
temperature manually. There is no humidity control and humidity is
supplied by fans that are directed to the water at the bottom of the
shopwindows. In this study, humidity and temperature sensors
(SHT11), PIC, AC motor controller, DC motor controller, ultrasonic
nebulizer and other electronic circuit members were used to simulate
air conditioning automation for patisserie shopwindow in proteus
software package. The simulation results showed that temperature
and humidity values are adjusted in desired time duration by openloop
control technique. Outer and inner temperature and humidity
values were used for control mechanism.
Abstract: This paper derives some new sufficient conditions for
the stability of a class of neutral-type neural networks with discrete
time delays by employing a suitable Lyapunov functional. The
obtained conditions can be easily verified as they can be expressed
in terms of the network parameters only. It is shown that the results
presented in this paper for neutral-type delayed neural networks establish
a new set of stability criteria, and therefore can be considered
as the alternative results to the previously published literature results.
A numerical example is also given to demonstrate the applicability
of our proposed stability criterion.
Abstract: Contact stress analysis between two spur gear
teeth was considered in different contact positions,
representing a pair of mating gears during rotation. A
programme has been developed to plot a pair of teeth in contact. This programme was run for each 3° of pinion
rotation from the first location of contact to the last location of
contact to produce 10 cases. Each case was represented a
sequence position of contact between these two teeth. The
programme gives graphic results for the profiles of these teeth
in each position and location of contact during rotation. Finite
element models were made for these cases and stress analysis
was done. The results were presented and finite element
analysis results were compared with theoretical calculations,
wherever available.
Abstract: The performance results of the athletes competed in
the 1988-2008 Olympic Games were analyzed (n = 166). The data
were obtained from the IAAF official protocols. In the principal
component analysis, the first three principal components explained
70% of the total variance. In the 1st principal component (with
43.1% of total variance explained) the largest factor loadings were
for 100m (0.89), 400m (0.81), 110m hurdle run (0.76), and long jump
(–0.72). This factor can be interpreted as the 'sprinting performance'.
The loadings on the 2nd factor (15.3% of the total variance)
presented a counter-intuitive throwing-jumping combination: the
highest loadings were for throwing events (javelin throwing 0.76;
shot put 0.74; and discus throwing 0.73) and also for jumping events
(high jump 0.62; pole vaulting 0.58). On the 3rd factor (11.6% of
total variance), the largest loading was for 1500 m running (0.88); all
other loadings were below 0.4.
Abstract: This paper examines ethical and social issues which
have proved important when initiating and creating educational spaces within a virtual environment. It focuses on one project, identifying the key decisions made, the barriers to new practice
encountered and the impact these had on the project. It demonstrates
the importance of the 'backstage' ethical and social issues involved in
the creation of a virtual education community and offers conclusions,
and questions, which will inform future research and practice in this
area. These ethical issues are considered using Knobel-s framework
of front-end, in-process and back-end concerns, and include
establishing social practices for the islands, allocating access rights,
considering personal safety and supporting researchers appropriately
within this context.
Abstract: The proliferation of user-generated content (UGC) results in huge opportunities to explore event patterns. However, existing event recommendation systems primarily focus on advanced information technology users. Little work has been done to address novice and low-literacy users. The next billion users providing and consuming UGC are likely to include communities from developing countries who are ready to use affordable technologies for subsistence goals. Therefore, we propose a design framework for providing event recommendations to address the needs of such users. Grounded in information integration theory (IIT), our framework advocates that effective event recommendation is supported by systems capable of (1) reliable information gathering through structured user input, (2) accurate sense making through spatial-temporal analytics, and (3) intuitive information dissemination through interactive visualization techniques. A mobile pest management application is developed as an instantiation of the design framework. Our preliminary study suggests a set of design principles for novice and low-literacy users.
Abstract: In this paper we proposed two new confidence intervals for the normal population mean with known coefficient of variation. This situation occurs normally in environment and agriculture experiments where the scientist knows the coefficient of variation of their experiments. We propose two new confidence intervals for this problem based on the recent work of Searls [5] and the new method proposed in this paper for the first time. We derive analytic expressions for the coverage probability and the expected length of each confidence interval. Monte Carlo simulation will be used to assess the performance of these intervals based on their expected lengths.
Abstract: The transition to sustainable development requires
considerable investments from stakeholders, both financial and
immaterial. However, accounting for such investments often poses a
challenge, as ventures with intangible or non-financial returns remain
oblivious to conventional accounting techniques and risk assessment.
That such investments may significantly contribute to the welfare of
those affected may act as a driving force behind attempting to bridge
this gap. This gains crucial importance as investments must be also
backed by governments and administrations; entities whose budget
depends on taxpayers- contributions and whose tasks are based on
securing the welfare of their citizens. Besides economic welfare,
citizens also require social and environmental wellbeing too.
However, administrations must also safeguard that welfare is
guaranteed not only to present, but to future generations too. With
already strained budgets and the requirement of sustainable
development, governments on all levels face the double challenge of
making both of these ends meet.
Abstract: This paper presents a comparison of metaheuristic
algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization
(ACO), in producing freeman chain code (FCC). The main problem
in representing characters using FCC is the length of the FCC
depends on the starting points. Isolated characters, especially the
upper-case characters, usually have branches that make the traversing
process difficult. The study in FCC construction using one
continuous route has not been widely explored. This is our
motivation to use the population-based metaheuristics. The
experimental result shows that the route length using GA is better
than ACO, however, ACO is better in computation time than GA.
Abstract: In this paper 2D Simulation of catalytic Fixed Bed Reactor in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of GTL technology has been performed utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) has been used as feedstock. The reactor was modeled and the model equations were solved employing finite volume method. The model was validated against the experimental data reported in literature. The comparison showed a good agreement between simulation results and the experimental data. In addition, the model was applied to predict the concentration contours of the reactants and products along the length of reactor.
Abstract: Wireless sensor network has recently emerged as enablers
of several areas. Real applications of WSN are being explored
and some of them are yet to come. While the potential of sensor
networks has been only beginning to be realized, several challenges
still remain. One of them is the experimental evaluation of WSN.
Therefore, deploying and operating a testbed to study the real
behavior of WSN become more and more important. The main
contribution of this work is to analysis the RF link budget behavior
of wireless sensor networks in underground mine gallery.
Abstract: A vast array of biological materials, especially algae have received increasing attention for heavy metal removal. Algae have been proven to be cheaper, more effective for the removal of metallic elements in aqueous solutions. A fresh water algal strain was isolated from Zoo Lake, Johannesburg, South Africa and identified as Desmodesmus sp. This paper investigates the efficacy of Desmodesmus sp.in removing heavy metals contaminating the Wonderfonteinspruit Catchment Area (WCA) water bodies. The biosorption data fitted the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm models. The Langmuir maximum uptakes gave the sequence: Mn2+>Ni2+>Fe2+. The best results for kinetic study was obtained in concentration 120 ppm for Fe3+ and Mn2+, whilst for Ni2+ was at 20 ppm, which is about the same concentrations found in contaminated water in the WCA (Fe3+115 ppm, Mn2+ 121 ppm and Ni2+ 26.5 ppm).
Abstract: Research has suggested that implicit learning tasks
may rely on episodic processing to generate above chance
performance on the standard classification tasks. The current
research examines the invariant features task (McGeorge and Burton,
1990) and argues that such episodic processing is indeed important.
The results of the experiment suggest that both rejection and
similarity strategies are used by participants in this task to
simultaneously reject unfamiliar items and to accept (falsely) familiar
items. Primarily these decisions are based on the presence of low or
high frequency goal based features of the stimuli presented in the
incidental learning phase. It is proposed that a goal based analysis of
the incidental learning task provides a simple step in understanding
which features of the episodic processing are most important for
explaining the match between incidental, implicit learning and test
performance.
Abstract: In this work, the results of mixing study by a jet mixer in a tank have been investigated in the laboratory scale. The tank dimensions are H/D=1 and the jet entrance have been considered in
the center of upper surface of tank. RNG-k-ε model is used as the
turbulent model for the prediction of the pattern of turbulent flow
inside the tank. For this purpose, a tank with volume of 110 liter is
simulated and it has been divided into 410,000 tetrahedral control
cells for performing the calculations. The grids at the vicinity of the
nozzle and suction pare are finer to get more accurate results. The
experimental results showed that in a vertical jet, the lowest mixing
time takes place at 35 degree. In addition, mixing time decreased by
increasing the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the CFD simulation
predicted the items as well a flow patterns precisely that validates the
experiments.
Abstract: Now-a-days, numbers of simulation software are
being used all over the world to solve Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) related problems. In this present study, a
commercial CFD simulation software namely STAR-CCM+ is
applied to analyze the airflow characteristics inside a 2.5" hard
disk drive. Each step of the software is described adequately to
obtain the output and the data are verified with the theories to
justify the robustness of the simulation outcome. This study
gives an insight about the accuracy level of the CFD
simulation software to compute CFD related problems
although it largely depends upon the computer speed. Also
this study will open avenues for further research.
Abstract: The research study was based on an evaluation of the
ability of glued test samples to pass the criterion of sufficient
bondline adhesion under the exposure conditions defined in EN 302-
1. Additionally, an infrared spectroscopic analysis of the evaluated
adhesives (phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde PRF and melamine-ureaformaldehyde
MUF) with different mix ratios was carried out to
evaluate the possible effects of a faulty technological process.
Abstract: In this content analysis research note the aim was to explore to how sustainability and especially environmental issues are conveyed into environmental items in annual reports and disclosures. As The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is a globally wide multistakeholder process, the enterprises using voluntarily GRI framework are considered to be aware of sustainability and environmental concerns. The findings were that although these enterprises included in an environmentally sensitive industry sector and had special capabilities to consider environmental issues there were few GRIreporting enterprises presented substantially detailed environmental items in audited financial statements. There were only slight differences between publishing years 2008 and 2009 - the beginning years of economic turmoil. The environmental issues seemed not to be considered substantial enough for financial reporting as a basis for concerning investment or voting decisions.
Abstract: As there are also graph methods of circuit analysis in
addition to algebraic methods, it is, in theory, clearly possible to
carry out an analysis of a whole switched circuit in two-phase
switching exclusively by the graph method as well. This article deals
with two methods of full-graph solving of switched circuits: by
transformation graphs and by two-graphs. It deals with the circuit
switched capacitors and the switched current, too. All methods are
presented in an equally detailed steps to be able to compare.
Abstract: This paper describes a concept of stereotype student
model in adaptive knowledge acquisition e-learning system. Defined
knowledge stereotypes are based on student's proficiency level and
on Bloom's knowledge taxonomy. The teacher module is responsible
for the whole adaptivity process: the automatic generation of
courseware elements, their dynamic selection and sorting, as well as
their adaptive presentation using templates for statements and
questions. The adaptation of courseware is realized according to
student-s knowledge stereotype.