RF Link Budget Analysis at 915 MHz band for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network has recently emerged as enablers of several areas. Real applications of WSN are being explored and some of them are yet to come. While the potential of sensor networks has been only beginning to be realized, several challenges still remain. One of them is the experimental evaluation of WSN. Therefore, deploying and operating a testbed to study the real behavior of WSN become more and more important. The main contribution of this work is to analysis the RF link budget behavior of wireless sensor networks in underground mine gallery.

Authors:

• Abdellah Chehri
• Hussein Mouftah
• Paul Fortier
• Hasnaa Aniss

Keywords:

• Sensor networks
• RF Link
• path loss.

References:

[1] F. L. Lewis, "Wireless sensor networks", In D. J. Cook and S. K. Das,
Editors, Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols, and Applications,
New York, 2004. John Wiley.
[2] L. Kejie, Q. Yi, D. Rodriguez, W. Rivera, M. Rodriguez, "Wireless
Sensor Networks for Environmental Monitoring Applications: A Design
Framework", IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, pp. 1108 -
1112, 27 - 30 novembre 2007.
[3] D. Anurag, S. Roy, S. Bandyopadhyay, "Agro-sense: Precision agriculture
using sensor-based wireless mesh networks", First ITU-T Kaleidoscope
Academic Conference, pp. 383 - 388, 12 - 13 may 2008.
[4] S. Bapat, W. Leal, K. Taewoo, W. Pihui, A. Arora, "Chowkidar: A
Health Monitor for Wireless Sensor Network Testbeds", 3rd International
Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructure for the Development
of Networks and Communities, 21 - 23 may 2007.
[5] K. Tsai, J. Sung, M. Jin, "An Environment Sensor Fusion Application
on Smart Building Sensor Networks", IEEE International Conference on
Ubiquitous and Trustworthy Computing, pp. 291 - 295, 11 - 13 june 2008.
[6] G. Werner-Allen, P. Swieskowski, M. Welsh, "MoteLab: A Wireless
Sensor Network Testbed", in Proceedings of Information Processing in
Sensor Networks, pp 483 -4 88, 2005.
[7] V. Shnayder, M. Hempstead, B. Chen, G. Werner-Allen, M.
Welsh,"Simulating the power consumption of large-scale sensor network
applications", in Proc. the 2nd International Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys2004), Nov. 2004.
[8] A. Martinez-sala, E. Egea-lopez, L. Juan-llacer,J . Garca-haro, "Channel
Model at 868 MHz for Wireless Sensor Networks in Outdoor Scenarios",
int. Workshop on Wirless Ad Hoc Networks, London, UK, 2008.
[9] J. Zhao, R. Govindan, "Understanding Packet Delivery Performance
in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks", In: Proc. of SenSys 2003, Los
Angeles, CA, USA, November 5 - 7, 2003.
[10] K. Srinivasan, P. Dutta, A. Tavakoli, P. Levis, "Understanding the
Causes of Packet Delivery Success and Failure in Dense Wireless Sensor
Networks", Technical Report SING-06-00.
[11] K. Srinivasan, P. Levis, "RSSI is Under Appreciated", Proc. of the Third
Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, EmNets 2006, Boston, MA,
May. 2006.
[12] D. Lymberopoulos, Q. Lindsey, A. Savvides, "An Empirical Characterization
of Radio Signal Strength Variability in 3-d IEEE 802.15.4
Networks using Monopole Antennas", LNCS, Springer, vol. 3868, pp.
326 - 341, 2006.
[13] M. Yarvis, K. Papagiannaki, M. S. Conner, "Characterization of 802.11
Wireless Networks in the Home", In: Proc. of Winmee 2005, Riva del
Garda, Italy (April 2005).
[14] J. Werb, M. Newman, V. Berry, S. Lamb, D. Sexton, M. Lapinski, "
Improved Quality of Service in IEEE 802.15.4 Mesh Networks", In: Proc.
of the International Workshop on Wireless and Industrial Automation, San
Francisco, California, USA , March 2005.
[15] A. Woo, T. Tong, D. Culler, "Taming the Underlying Challenges of
Reliable Multihop Routing in Sensor Networks", In: Proc. of SenSys,
Los Angeles, CA, USA , November 5 - 7, 2003.
[16] G. Zhou, T. He, S. Krishnamurthy, J. A. Stankovic, "Models and
Solutions for Radio Irregularity in Wireless Sensor Networks", ACM
Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2006.
[17] G. Zhou, T. He, S. Krishnamurthy, J. A. Stankovic, "Impact of Radio
Irregularity on Wireless Sensor Networks", In Proc. ACM MobySys,
Boston (USA), June 2004.
[18] N. Reijers, G. P. Halkes, K.G. Langendoen, "Link Layer in Sensor
Networks", IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor
Systems, Florida (USA), October 2004.
[19] M. Petrova, J. Riihijarvi, P. Mahonen, S. Labella, "Performance Study
of IEEE 802.15.4 Using Measurements and Simulations", In: Proc. of
WCNC 2006, Las Vegas, USA, 2006.
[20] E. Miluzzo, X. Zheng, K. Fodor, A. T. Campbell, "Radio Characterization
of 802.15.4 and Its Impact on the Design of Mobile Sensor Networks,
In Proc. of Fifth European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
(EWSN 2008), Bologna, Italy, Jan. 30/31 - Feb 1, 2008.
[21] D. Lal, A. Manjeshwar, F. Herrmann, E. Uysal-Biyikoglu, A. Keshavarzian
, "Measurement and Characterization of Link Quality Metrics
in Energy Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks", in Proc. of IEEE
Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Vol. 1, pp. 446-452,
San Francisco, USA, Dec. 2003.
[22] www.zmd.biz
[23] http://www.nrcan.gc.ca / mms / canmet-mtb / mmsl-lmsm / mines / mech
/ mineexperimental / experimental-f.htm
[24] P. Mariage, Martine Li'enard, P. Degauque, "Theoretical and experimental
approach of the propagation of high frequency waves in road Tunnels",
IEEE Trans. antennas propagation, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 75 - 81, January
1994.
[25] L. Deryck, "Natural propagation of electromagnetic waves in tunnels",
IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, Vol.27, No. 3, pp. 145 - 150,
1978.