Abstract: Advance in techniques of image and video processing has enabled the development of intelligent video surveillance systems. This study was aimed to automatically detect moving human objects and to analyze events of dual human interaction in a surveillance scene. Our system was developed in four major steps: image preprocessing, human object detection, human object tracking, and motion trajectory analysis. The adaptive background subtraction and image processing techniques were used to detect and track moving human objects. To solve the occlusion problem during the interaction, the Kalman filter was used to retain a complete trajectory for each human object. Finally, the motion trajectory analysis was developed to distinguish between the interaction and non-interaction events based on derivatives of trajectories related to the speed of the moving objects. Using a database of 60 video sequences, our system could achieve the classification accuracy of 80% in interaction events and 95% in non-interaction events, respectively. In summary, we have explored the idea to investigate a system for the automatic classification of events for interaction and non-interaction events using surveillance cameras. Ultimately, this system could be incorporated in an intelligent surveillance system for the detection and/or classification of abnormal or criminal events (e.g., theft, snatch, fighting, etc.).
Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the machining
stability of a spindle tool with different preloaded amount. To this end,
the vibration tests were conducted on the spindle unit with different
preload to assess the dynamic characteristics and machining stability
of the milling machine. Current results demonstrate that the tool tip
frequency response characteristics and the machining stabilities in X
and Y direction are affected to change due to the different preload of
spindle bearings. As found from the results, a high preloaded spindle
tool shows higher limited cutting depth at mid position, while a spindle
with low preload shows a higher limited depth. This indicates that the
machining stability of a milling machine is affected to vary by the
spindle unit when it was assembled with different bearing preload.
Abstract: This study is aiming at establishing the relationship
between the optical signal of flame and an equivalent ratio of flame. In
this experiment, flame optical signal in a furnace is measured using
photodiode. The combustion system is composed of metal fiber burner
and vertical furnace, and flame chemiluminescence is measured at
various experimental conditions. In this study, the flame
chemiluminescence of laminar premixed flame is measured using
commercially available photodiode. It is experimentally investigated
the relationship between equivalent ratio and photodiode signal. In
addition, the strategy of combustion control method is proposed using
the optical signal and fuel pressure.
The results showed that certain relationship between optical data of
photodiode and equivalence ratio exists, and this leads to the
successful application of this system for instantaneous measurement of
equivalence ration of the combustion system.
Abstract: The Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (ELSP) is a
valuable mathematical model that can support decision-makers to
make scheduling decisions. The basic period approach is effective for
solving the ELSP. The assumption for applying the basic period
approach is that a product must use its maximum production rate to be
produced. However, a product can lower its production rate to reduce
the average total cost when a facility has extra idle time. The past
researches discussed how a product adjusts its production rate under
the common cycle approach. To the best of our knowledge, no studies
have addressed how a product lowers its production rate under the
basic period approach. This research is the first paper to discuss this
topic. The research develops a simple fixed rate approach that adjusts
the production rate of a product under the basic period approach to
solve the ELSP. Our numerical example shows our approach can find a
better solution than the traditional basic period approach. Our
mathematical model that applies the fixed rate approach under the
basic period approach can serve as a reference for other related
researches.
Abstract: The nanoindentation behaviour and phase
transformation of annealed single-crystal silicon wafers are examined.
The silicon specimens are annealed at temperatures of 250, 350 and
450ºC, respectively, for 15 minutes and are then indented to maximum
loads of 30, 50 and 70 mN. The phase changes induced in the indented
specimens are observed using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) and micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy (RSS). For all
annealing temperatures, an elbow feature is observed in the unloading
curve following indentation to a maximum load of 30 mN. Under
higher loads of 50 mN and 70 mN, respectively, the elbow feature is
replaced by a pop-out event. The elbow feature reveals a complete
amorphous phase transformation within the indented zone, whereas
the pop-out event indicates the formation of Si XII and Si III phases.
The experimental results show that the formation of these crystalline
silicon phases increases with an increasing annealing temperature and
indentation load. The hardness and Young’s modulus both decrease as
the annealing temperature and indentation load are increased.
Abstract: New design of three dimensional (3D) flywheel system
based on gimbal and gyro mechanics is proposed. The 3D flywheel
device utilizes the rotational motion of three spherical shells and the
conservation of angular momentum to achieve planar locomotion.
Actuators mounted to the ring-shape frames are installed within the
system to drive the spherical shells to rotate, for the purpose of steering
and stabilization. Similar to the design of 2D flywheel system, it is
expected that the spherical shells may function like a “flyball” to store
and supply mechanical energy; additionally, in comparison with
typical single-wheel and spherical robots, the 3D flywheel can be used
for developing omnidirectional robotic systems with better mobility.
The Lagrangian method is applied to derive the equation of motion of
the 3D flywheel system, and simulation studies are presented to verify
the proposed design.
Abstract: Authenticity in advertising is the cornerstone of
modern marketing. Despite research advances related to the role of
authenticity in marketing, it remains unclear why customers respond to
authentic brand stories. The results show that different personality
traits will moderate the influence of different authenticity on the levels
of emotion. Whether indexically authentic or iconically authentic
advertisements were shown to extroverts, open people and agreeable
people, they will evoke more positive emotions. When neurotic people
and conscientious people see the iconically authentic advertising
rather than the indexically authentic advertising, they will produce
more negative emotions. In addition, the emotion evoked by
advertising had significant positive impact on brand attitude evoked by
advertising had significant negative impact on brand attitude. These
findings provide some managerial implications and directions for
further research.
Abstract: Microstructural and hardening changes of
Fe-0.2wt.%V alloy and pure Fe irradiated with 100 keV hydrogen ions
at room temperature were investigated. It was found that dislocation
density varies dramatically after irradiation, ranging from dislocation
free to dense areas with tangled and complex dislocation
configuration. As the irradiated Fe-0.2wt.%V samples were annealed
at 773 K, the irradiation-induced dislocation loops disappear, while
many small precipitates with enriched C distribute in the matrix. Some
large precipitates with enriched V were also observed. The hardness of
Fe-0.2wt.%V alloy and pure Fe increases after irradiation, which
ascribes to the formation of dislocation loops in the irradiated
specimens. Compared with pure Fe, the size of the
irradiation-introduced dislocation loops in Fe-0.2wt.%V alloy
decreases and the density increases, the change of the hardness also
decreases.
Abstract: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is
such a time-vary nonlinear dynamic system. The traditional linear
modeling approach is hard to estimate structure correctly of PEMFC
system. From this reason, this paper presents a nonlinear modeling of
the PEMFC using Neural Network Auto-regressive model with
eXogenous inputs (NNARX) approach. The multilayer perception
(MLP) network is applied to evaluate the structure of the NNARX
model of PEMFC. The validity and accuracy of NNARX model are
tested by one step ahead relating output voltage to input current from
measured experimental of PEMFC. The results show that the obtained
nonlinear NNARX model can efficiently approximate the dynamic
mode of the PEMFC and model output and system measured output
consistently.
Abstract: Cloud computing is the innovative and leading
information technology model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort. In this paper, we aim at the development of
workflow management system for cloud computing platforms based
on our previous research on the dynamic allocation of the cloud
computing resources and its workflow process. We took advantage of
the HTML5 technology and developed web-based workflow interface.
In order to enable the combination of many tasks running on the cloud
platform in sequence, we designed a mechanism and developed an
execution engine for workflow management on clouds. We also
established a prediction model which was integrated with job queuing
system to estimate the waiting time and cost of the individual tasks on
different computing nodes, therefore helping users achieve maximum
performance at lowest payment. This proposed effort has the potential
to positively provide an efficient, resilience and elastic environment
for cloud computing platform. This development also helps boost user
productivity by promoting a flexible workflow interface that lets users
design and control their tasks' flow from anywhere.
Abstract: Icons, or pictorial and graphical objects, are
commonly used in human-computer interaction (HCI) fields as the
mediator in order to communicate information to users. Yet there has
been little studies focusing on a majority of the world’s population –
semi-literate communities – in terms of the fundamental knowhow
for designing icons for such population. In this study, two sets of
icons belonging in different icon taxonomy – abstract and concrete –
are designed for a mobile application for semi-literate agricultural
communities. In this paper, we propose a triadic relationship of an
icon, namely meaning, task and mental image, which inherits the
triadic relationship of a sign. User testing with the application and a
post-pilot questionnaire are conducted as the experimental approach
in two rural villages in India. Icons belonging to concrete taxonomy
perform better than abstract icons on the premise that the design of
the icon fulfills the underlying rules of the proposed triadic
relationship.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with knowledge representation
and extraction of fuzzy if-then rules using Interval Type-2
Context-based Fuzzy C-Means clustering (IT2-CFCM) with the aid of
fuzzy granulation. This proposed clustering algorithm is based on
information granulation in the form of IT2 based Fuzzy C-Means
(IT2-FCM) clustering and estimates the cluster centers by preserving
the homogeneity between the clustered patterns from the IT2 contexts
produced in the output space. Furthermore, we can obtain the
automatic knowledge representation in the design of Radial Basis
Function Networks (RBFN), Linguistic Model (LM), and Adaptive
Neuro-Fuzzy Networks (ANFN) from the numerical input-output data
pairs. We shall focus on a design of ANFN in this paper. The
experimental results on an estimation problem of energy performance
reveal that the proposed method showed a good knowledge
representation and performance in comparison with the previous
works.
Abstract: A cyclostationary Gaussian linearization method is
formulated for investigating the time average response of nonlinear
system under sinusoidal signal and white noise excitation. The
quantitative measure of cyclostationary mean, variance, spectrum of
mean amplitude, and mean power spectral density of noise are
analyzed. The qualitative response behavior of stochastic jump and
bifurcation are investigated. The validity of the present approach in
predicting the quantitative and qualitative statistical responses is
supported by utilizing Monte Carlo simulations. The present analysis
without imposing restrictive analytical conditions can be directly
derived by solving non-linear algebraic equations. The analytical
solution gives reliable quantitative and qualitative prediction of mean
and noise response for the Duffing system subjected to both sinusoidal
signal and white noise excitation.
Abstract: Carbon Deposits are often occurred inside the
industrial coke oven during coking process. Accumulation of carbon
deposits may cause a big issue, which seriously influences the coking
operation. The carbon is burning off by injecting fresh air through
pipes into coke oven which is an efficient way practically operated in
industries. The burning off carbon deposition in coke oven performed
by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method has provided an
evaluation of the feasibility study. A three dimensional, transient,
turbulent reacting flow simulation has performed with three different
injecting air flow rate and another kind of injecting configuration. The
result shows that injection higher air flow rate would effectively
reduce the carbon deposits. In the meantime, the opened charging
holes would suck extra oxygen from atmosphere to participate in
reactions. In term of coke oven operating limits, the wall temperatures
are monitored to prevent over-heating of the adiabatic walls during
burn-off process.
Abstract: Environmental impact assessment techniques have
been developed as a result of the worldwide efforts to reduce the
environmental impact of global warming. By using the quantification
method in the construction industry, it is now possible to manage the
greenhouse gas is to systematically evaluate the impact on the
environment over the entire construction process. In particular, the
proportion of greenhouse gas emissions at the production stage of
construction material occupied is high, and efforts are needed in
particular in the construction field.
In this research, intended for concrete products for the construction
materials, by using the LCA method, we compared the results of
environmental impact assessment and carbon emissions of developing
products that have been applied low-carbon technologies compared to
existing products. As a results, by introducing a raw material of
industrial waste, showed carbon reduction. Through a comparison of
the carbon emission reduction effect of low carbon technologies, it is
intended to provide academic data for the evaluation of greenhouse
gases in the construction sector and the development of low carbon
technologies of the future.
Abstract: This paper describes an analysis of Yacht Simulator
international trends and also explains about Yacht. The results are
summarized as follows. Attached to the cockpit are sensors that feed
-back information on rudder angle, boat heel angle and mainsheet
tension to the computer. Energy expenditure of the sailor measure
indirectly using expired gas analysis for the measurement of VO2 and
VCO2. At sea course configurations and wind conditions can be preset
to suit any level of sailor from complete beginner to advanced sailor.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop an anterior lumbar
interbody fusion (ALIF) PEEK cage suitable for Korean people. In this
study, CT images were obtained from Korean male (173cm, 71kg) and
3D Korean lumbar models were reconstructed based on the CT images
to investigate anatomical characteristics. Major design parameters of
anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) PEEK Cage were selected
using the morphological measurement information of the Korean
Lumbar models. Through finite element analysis and mechanical tests,
the developed ALIFPEEK Cage prototype was compared with the
Fidji Cage (Zimmer. Inc, USA) and it was found that the ALIF
prototype showed similar and/or superior mechanical performance
compared to the FidJi Cage. Also, clinical validation for the ALIF
PEEK Cage prototype was carried out to check predictable troubles in
surgical operations. Finally, it is considered that the convenience and
stability of the prototype was clinically verified.
Abstract: Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve
(ECV) playing an important role for car’s air conditioning control
system. ECV is used in external variable displacement swash plate
type compressor and controls the entire air conditioning system by
means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) input signal supplying
from an external source (controller). Complete form of ECV contains
number of internal features like valve body, core, valve guide,
plunger, guide pin, plunger spring, bellows etc. While designing the
ECV; dimensions of different internal items must meet the standard
requirements as it is quite challenging. In this research paper,
especially the dimensioning of ECV body and its three pressure ports
through which the air/refrigerant passes are considered. Here internal
leakage test analysis of ECV body is being carried out from its
discharge port (Pd) to crankcase port (Pc) when the guide valve is
placed inside it. The experiments have made both in ordinary and
digital system using different assumptions and thereafter compare the
results.
Abstract: Recently, increasing the quality of experience (QoE) is
an important issue. Since performance degradation at cell edge
extremely reduces the QoE, several techniques are defined at
LTE/LTE-A standard to remove inter-cell interference (ICI). However,
the conventional techniques have disadvantage because there is a
trade-off between resource allocation and reliable communication.
The proposed scheme reduces the ICI more efficiently by using
channel state information (CSI) smartly. It is shown that the proposed
scheme can reduce the ICI with fewer resources.
Abstract: This study examines the credibility of the signaling as
explanation for IPO initial underpricing. Findings reveal the initial
underpricing and the long-term underperformance of IPOs in Taiwan.
However, we only find weak support for signaling as explanation of
IPO underpricing.