Abstract: The study area receives a wide variety of wastes
generated by municipalities and the industries like paints and
pigments, metal processing industries, thermal power plants electroprocessing
industries etc. The Physico-chemical and structural
investigation of water from river Pandu indicated high level of
chlorides and calcium which made the water unsuitable for human
use. Algae like Cyclotella fumida, Asterionella Formosa,
Cladophora glomerata, Pediastrum simplex, Scenedesmus bijuga,
Cladophora glomerata were the dominant pollution tolerant species
recorded under these conditions. The sensitive and less abundant
species of algae included Spirogyra sps., Merismopedia sps. The
predominance colonies of Zygnema sps, Phormidium sps,
Mycrocystis aeruginosa, Merismopedia minima, Pandorina morum,
seems to correlate with high organic contents of Pandu river water.
This study assumes significance as some algae can be used as
bioindicators of water pollution and algal floral of a municipal drain
carrying waste effluents from industrial area Kanpur and discharge
them into the river Pandu flowing onto southern outskirts of Kanpur
city.
Abstract: This paper presents three new methodologies for the
basic operations, which aim at finding new ways of computing union
(maximum) and intersection (minimum) membership values by
taking into effect the entire membership values in a fuzzy set. The
new methodologies are conceptually simple and easy from the
application point of view and are illustrated with a variety of
problems such as Cartesian product of two fuzzy sets, max –min
composition of two fuzzy sets in different product spaces and an
application of an inverted pendulum to determine the impact of the
new methodologies. The results clearly indicate a difference based on
the nature of the fuzzy sets under consideration and hence will be
highly useful in quite a few applications where different values have
significant impact on the behavior of the system.
Abstract: Firstly, research and development on RFID focuses on
manufacturing and retail sectors, because it can improve supply chain
efficiency. But, now a variety of field is considered the next research
area for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Although RFID is
infancy, RFID technology has great potential in power industry to
significantly reduce cost, and improve quality of power supply. To
complement the limitation of RFID, we adopt the WSN (Wireless
Sensor Network) technology. However, relevant experience is limited,
the challenge will be to derive requirement from business practice and
to determine whether it is possible or not. To explore this issue, we
conduct a case study on implementing power facility management
system using RFID/WSN in Korea Electric Power Corporation
(KEPCO). In this paper we describe requirement from power industry.
And we introduce design and implementation of the test bed.
Abstract: The talks about technological convergence had been
around for almost twenty years. Today Internet made it possible. And
this is not only technical evolution. The way it changed our lives
reflected in variety of applications, services and technologies used in
day-to-day life. Such benefits imposed even more requirements on
heterogeneous and unreliable IP networks.
Current paper outlines QoS management system developed in the
NetQoS [1] project. It describes an overall architecture of
management system for heterogeneous networks and proposes
automated multi-layer QoS management. Paper focuses on the
structure of the most crucial modules of the system that enable
autonomous and multi-layer provisioning and dynamic adaptation.
Abstract: The stem cells have ability to differentiated
themselves through mitotic cell division and various range of
specialized cell types. Cellular differentiation is a way by which few
specialized cell develops into more specialized.This paper studies the
fundamental problem of computational schema for an artificial neural
network based on chemical, physical and biological variables of
state. By doing this type of study system could be model for a viable
propagation of various economically important stem cells
differentiation. This paper proposes various differentiation outcomes
of artificial neural network into variety of potential specialized cells
on implementing MATLAB version 2009. A feed-forward back
propagation kind of network was created to input vector (five input
elements) with single hidden layer and one output unit in output
layer. The efficiency of neural network was done by the assessment
of results achieved from this study with that of experimental data
input and chosen target data. The propose solution for the efficiency
of artificial neural network assessed by the comparatative analysis of
“Mean Square Error" at zero epochs. There are different variables of
data in order to test the targeted results.
Abstract: In this study, the kinetics of osmotic dehydration of melons (Tille variety) in a ternary system followed by air-drying for preserving melons in the summer to be used in the winter were investigated. The effect of different osmotic solution concentrations 30, 40 and 50% (w/w) of sucrose with 10% NaCl salt and fruit to solution ratios 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 on the mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of melon in ternary solution namely sucrosesalt- water followed by air-drying were studied. The diffusivity of water during air-drying was enhanced after the fruit samples were immersed in the osmotic solution after 60 min. Samples non-treated and pre-treated during one hour in osmotic solutions with 60% (w/w) of sucrose with 10% NaCl salt and fruit to solution ratio of 1:4 were dried in a hot air-dryer at 60oC (2 m/s) until equilibrium was achieved.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to characterize fire
properties of wood exposed to the certain external heat flux and
under variety of wood moisture content. Six kinds of Indonesian
wood: keruing, sono, cemara, kamper, pinus, and mahoni were
exposed to radiant heat from a conical heater, result in appearance of
a stable flame on the wood surface caused by spontaneous ignition. A
thermocouple K-type was used to measure the wood surface
temperature. Temperature histories were recorded throughout each
experiment at 1 s intervals using a TC-08. Data of first ignition time
and temperature, end ignition time and temperature, and charring rate
have been successfully collected. It was found that the ignition
temperature and charring rate depend on moisture content of wood.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of
texturizers on the rheological properties of the apple mass and
desserts made from various raw materials. The apple varieties -
‘Antonovka’, ‘Baltais Dzidrais’, and ‘Zarja Alatau’ harvested in
Latvia, were used for the experiment. The apples were processed in a
blender unpeeled for obtaining a homogenous mass. The apple mass
was analyzed fresh and after storage at –18ºC. Both fresh and thawed
apple mass samples with added gelatin, xantan gum, and sodium
carboxymethylcellulose were whisked obtaining dessert. Pectin, pH
and soluble dry matter of the product were determined. Apparent
viscosity was measured using a rotational viscometer DV–III Ultra.
Pectin content in frozen apple mass decreased significantly (p
Abstract: A new conserving approach in the context of Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) is presented to simulate one dimensional, incompressible flow in a moving boundary problem. The method employs control volume scheme to simulate the flow field. The concept of ghost node is used at the boundaries to conserve the mass and momentum equations. The Present method implements the conservation laws in all cells including boundary control volumes. Application of the method is studied in a test case with moving boundary. Comparison between the results of this new method and a sharp interface (Image Point Method) IBM algorithm shows a well distinguished improvement in both pressure and velocity fields of the present method. Fluctuations in pressure field are fully resolved in this proposed method. This approach expands the IBM capability to simulate flow field for variety of problems by implementing conservation laws in a fully Cartesian grid compared to other conserving methods.
Abstract: Human activity is a major concern in a wide variety of
applications, such as video surveillance, human computer interface
and face image database management. Detecting and recognizing
faces is a crucial step in these applications. Furthermore, major
advancements and initiatives in security applications in the past years
have propelled face recognition technology into the spotlight. The
performance of existing face recognition systems declines significantly
if the resolution of the face image falls below a certain level.
This is especially critical in surveillance imagery where often, due to
many reasons, only low-resolution video of faces is available. If these
low-resolution images are passed to a face recognition system, the
performance is usually unacceptable. Hence, resolution plays a key
role in face recognition systems. In this paper we introduce a new
low resolution face recognition system based on mixture of expert
neural networks. In order to produce the low resolution input images
we down-sampled the 48 × 48 ORL images to 12 × 12 ones using
the nearest neighbor interpolation method and after that applying
the bicubic interpolation method yields enhanced images which is
given to the Principal Component Analysis feature extractor system.
Comparison with some of the most related methods indicates that
the proposed novel model yields excellent recognition rate in low
resolution face recognition that is the recognition rate of 100% for
the training set and 96.5% for the test set.
Abstract: Developments in scientific and technical area cause to use new methods and techniques in education, as is the case in all fields. Especially, the internet contributes a variety of new methods to design virtual and real time laboratory applications in education. In this study, a real time virtual laboratory is designed and implemented for analog and digital communications laboratory experiments by using Lab VIEW program for Marmara University Electronics-Communication Department. In this application, students can access the virtual laboratory web site and perform their experiments without any limitation of time and location so as the students can observe the signals by changing the parameters of the experiment and evaluate the results.
Abstract: A framework to estimate the state of dynamically
varying environment where data are generated from heterogeneous
sources possessing partial knowledge about the environment is presented.
This is entirely derived within Dempster-Shafer and Evidence
Filtering frameworks. The belief about the current state is expressed
as belief and plausibility functions. An addition to Single Input
Single Output Evidence Filter, Multiple Input Single Output Evidence
Filtering approach is introduced. Variety of applications such as
situational estimation of an emergency environment can be developed
within the framework successfully. Fire propagation scenario is used
to justify the proposed framework, simulation results are presented.
Abstract: In association with path dependence, researchers often
talk of institutional “lock-in", thereby indicating that far-reaching
path deviation or path departure are to be regarded as exceptional
cases. This article submits the alleged general inclination for stability
of path-dependent processes to a critical review. The different
reasons for path dependence found in the literature indicate that
different continuity-ensuring mechanisms are at work when people
talk about path dependence (“increasing returns", complementarity,
sequences etc.). As these mechanisms are susceptible to fundamental
change in different ways and to different degrees, the path
dependence concept alone is of only limited explanatory value. It is
therefore indispensable to identify the underlying continuity-ensuring
mechanism as well if a statement-s empirical value is to go beyond
the trivial, always true “history matters".
Abstract: Mathematical programming has been applied to various
problems. For many actual problems, the assumption that the parameters
involved are deterministic known data is often unjustified. In
such cases, these data contain uncertainty and are thus represented
as random variables, since they represent information about the
future. Decision-making under uncertainty involves potential risk.
Stochastic programming is a commonly used method for optimization
under uncertainty. A stochastic programming problem with recourse
is referred to as a two-stage stochastic problem. In this study, we
consider a stochastic programming problem with simple integer
recourse in which the value of the recourse variable is restricted to a
multiple of a nonnegative integer. The algorithm of a dynamic slope
scaling procedure for solving this problem is developed by using a
property of the expected recourse function. Numerical experiments
demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is quite efficient. The
stochastic programming model defined in this paper is quite useful
for a variety of design and operational problems.
Abstract: The trends of design and development of information systems have undergone a variety of ongoing phases and stages. These variations have been evolved due to brisk changes in user requirements and business needs. To meet these requirements and needs, a flexible and agile business solution was required to come up with the latest business trends and styles. Another obstacle in agility of information systems was typically different treatment of same diseases of two patients: business processes and information services. After the emergence of information technology, the business processes and information systems have become counterparts. But these two business halves have been treated under totally different standards. There is need to streamline the boundaries of these both pillars that are equally sharing information system's burdens and liabilities. In last decade, the object orientation has evolved into one of the major solutions for modern business needs and now, SOA is the solution to shift business on ranks of electronic platform. BPM is another modern business solution that assists to regularize optimization of business processes. This paper discusses how object orientation can be conformed to incorporate or embed SOA in BPM for improved information systems.
Abstract: The practical implementation of audio-video coupled speech recognition systems is mainly limited by the hardware complexity to integrate two radically different information capturing devices with good temporal synchronisation. In this paper, we propose a solution based on a smart CMOS image sensor in order to simplify the hardware integration difficulties. By using on-chip image processing, this smart sensor can calculate in real time the X/Y projections of the captured image. This on-chip projection reduces considerably the volume of the output data. This data-volume reduction permits a transmission of the condensed visual information via the same audio channel by using a stereophonic input available on most of the standard computation devices such as PC, PDA and mobile phones. A prototype called VMIKE (Visio-Microphone) has been designed and realised by using standard 0.35um CMOS technology. A preliminary experiment gives encouraged results. Its efficiency will be further investigated in a large variety of applications such as biometrics, speech recognition in noisy environments, and vocal control for military or disabled persons, etc.
Abstract: In the other to Study of drought stress and Selenium
spraying effect on superoxide dismotase (SOD) activity of rapeseed
(Brassica napus L.) cultivars in Shahr-e-Rey region, an experiment
carried out in Split factorial design in the basis of randomized
complete blocks with 4 replications in 2006. Irrigation in two levels:
Normal irrigation and irrigation with drought stress when the soil
electrical conductivity reached to 60 as main factor and rapeseed
cultivars in 3 levels Zarfam, Okapi, Opera and selenium spraying at
the beginning of flowering stage in 3 levels: 0, 16 and 21 g/ha as sub
factor.
The results showed that the simple and interaction effect of
irrigation, selenium and cultivars on SOD activity had significant
difference. In this case Zarfam cultivar with 2010 u.mg-1 protein and
Opera with 1454 u.mg-1 protein produced maximum and minimum
amounts of SOD activitiy. Interaction effect of irrigation and variety
showed that, normal irrigation in Opera with 1115 u.mg-1 protein
and drought stress in Zarfam with 2784 u.mg-1 protein conducted to
and minimum and maximum amounts of SOD activity.
Interaction effect of irrigation, cultivar and selenium on SOD
indicated that drought stress condition and 21 gr/ha selenium
spraying in Zarfam variety with 3146 u.mg-1 protein gained to
highest activities of SOD.
Abstract: For over a decade, the Pulse Coupled Neural Network
(PCNN) based algorithms have been successfully used in image
interpretation applications including image segmentation. There are
several versions of the PCNN based image segmentation methods,
and the segmentation accuracy of all of them is very sensitive to the
values of the network parameters. Most methods treat PCNN
parameters like linking coefficient and primary firing threshold as
global parameters, and determine them by trial-and-error. The
automatic determination of appropriate values for linking coefficient,
and primary firing threshold is a challenging problem and deserves
further research. This paper presents a method for obtaining global as
well as local values for the linking coefficient and the primary firing
threshold for neurons directly from the image statistics. Extensive
simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves
excellent segmentation accuracy comparable to the best accuracy
obtainable by trial-and-error for a variety of images.
Abstract: Induction motors are being used in greater numbers
throughout a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications
because it provides many benefits and reliable device to convert the
electrical energy into mechanical motion. In some application it-s
desired to control the speed of the induction motor. Because of the
physics of the induction motor the preferred method of controlling its
speed is to vary the frequency of the AC voltage driving the motor. In
recent years, with the microcontroller incorporated into an appliance
it becomes possible to use it to generate the variable frequency AC
voltage to control the speed of the induction motor.
This study investigates the microcontroller based variable
frequency power inverter. the microcontroller is provide the variable
frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signal that control the
applied voltage on the gate drive, which is provides the required
PWM frequency with less harmonics at the output of the power
inverter.
The fully controlled bridge voltage source inverter has been
implemented with semiconductors power devices isolated gate
bipolar transistor (IGBT), and the PWM technique has been
employed in this inverter to supply the motor with AC voltage.
The proposed drive system for three & single phase power inverter
is simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The Matlab Simulation Results
for the proposed system were achieved with different SPWM. From
the result a stable variable frequency inverter over wide range has
been obtained and a good agreement has been found between the
simulation and hardware of a microcontroller based single phase
inverter.
Abstract: Some of the students' problems in writing skill stem
from inadequate preparation for the writing assignment. Students
should be taught how to write well when they arrive in language
classes. Having selected a topic, the students examine and explore the
theme from as large a variety of viewpoints as their background and
imagination make possible. Another strategy is that the students
prepare an Outline before writing the paper. The comparison between
the two mentioned thought provoking techniques was carried out
between the two class groups –students of Islamic Azad University of
Dezful who were studying “Writing 2" as their main course. Each
class group was assigned to write five compositions separately in
different periods of time. Then a t-test for each pair of exams between
the two class groups showed that the t-observed in each pair was
more than the t-critical. Consequently, the first hypothesis which
states those who utilize Brainstorming as a thought provoking
technique in prewriting phase are more successful than those who
outline the papers before writing was verified.