Abstract: The radius-of-curvature (ROC) defines the degree of
curvature along the centerline of a roadway whereby a travelling
vehicle must follow. Roadway designs must encompass ROC in
mitigating the cost of earthwork associated with construction while
also allowing vehicles to travel at maximum allowable design speeds.
Thus, a road will tend to follow natural topography where possible,
but curvature must also be optimized to permit fast, but safe vehicle
speeds. The more severe the curvature of the road, the slower the
permissible vehicle speed. For route planning, whether for urban
settings, emergency operations, or even parcel delivery, ROC is a
necessary attribute of road arcs for computing travel time.
It is extremely rare for a geo-spatial database to contain ROC. This
paper will present a procedure and mathematical algorithm to
calculate and assign ROC to a segment pair and/or polyline.
Abstract: In this study, the use of silicon NAM (Non-Audible
Murmur) microphone in automatic speech recognition is presented.
NAM microphones are special acoustic sensors, which are attached
behind the talker-s ear and can capture not only normal (audible)
speech, but also very quietly uttered speech (non-audible murmur).
As a result, NAM microphones can be applied in automatic speech
recognition systems when privacy is desired in human-machine communication.
Moreover, NAM microphones show robustness against
noise and they might be used in special systems (speech recognition,
speech conversion etc.) for sound-impaired people. Using a small
amount of training data and adaptation approaches, 93.9% word
accuracy was achieved for a 20k Japanese vocabulary dictation
task. Non-audible murmur recognition in noisy environments is also
investigated. In this study, further analysis of the NAM speech has
been made using distance measures between hidden Markov model
(HMM) pairs. It has been shown the reduced spectral space of NAM
speech using a metric distance, however the location of the different
phonemes of NAM are similar to the location of the phonemes
of normal speech, and the NAM sounds are well discriminated.
Promising results in using nonlinear features are also introduced,
especially under noisy conditions.