Abstract: Now a days video data embedding approach is a very challenging and interesting task towards keeping real time video data secure. We can implement and use this technique with high-level applications. As the rate-distortion of any image is not confirmed, because the gain provided by accurate image frame segmentation are balanced by the inefficiency of coding objects of arbitrary shape, with a lot factors like losses that depend on both the coding scheme and the object structure. By using rate controller in association with the encoder one can dynamically adjust the target bitrate. This paper discusses about to keep secure videos by mixing signature data with negligible distortion in the original video, and to keep steganographic video as closely as possible to the quality of the original video. In this discussion we propose the method for embedding the signature data into separate video frames by the use of block Discrete Cosine Transform. These frames are then encoded by real time encoding H.264 scheme concepts. After processing, at receiver end recovery of original video and the signature data is proposed.
Abstract: Digital libraries become more and more necessary in
order to support users with powerful and easy-to-use tools for
searching, browsing and retrieving media information. The starting
point for these tasks is the segmentation of video content into shots.
To segment MPEG video streams into shots, a fully automatic
procedure to detect both abrupt and gradual transitions (dissolve and
fade-groups) with minimal decoding in real time is developed in this
study. Each was explored through two phases: macro-block type's
analysis in B-frames, and on-demand intensity information analysis.
The experimental results show remarkable performance in
detecting gradual transitions of some kinds of input data and
comparable results of the rest of the examined video streams. Almost
all abrupt transitions could be detected with very few false positive
alarms.
Abstract: Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is accepted
when it used as connection in steel structures. The seismic behaviour
of steel frames with SMA is being assessed in this study. Three eightstorey
steel frames with different SMA systems are suggested, the
first one of which is braced with diagonal bracing system, the second
one is braced with nee bracing system while the last one is which the
SMA is used as connection at the plastic hinge regions of beams.
Nonlinear time history analyses of steel frames with SMA subjected
to two different ground motion records have been performed using
Seismostruct software. To evaluate the efficiency of suggested
systems, the dynamic responses of the frames were compared. From
the comparison results, it can be concluded that using SMA element
is an effective way to improve the dynamic response of structures
subjected to earthquake excitations. Implementing the SMA braces
can lead to a reduction in residual roof displacement. The shape
memory alloy is effective in reducing the maximum displacement at
the frame top and it provides a large elastic deformation range. SMA
connections are very effective in dissipating energy and reducing the
total input energy of the whole frame under severe seismic ground
motion. Using of the SMA connection system is more effective in
controlling the reaction forces at the base frame than other bracing
systems. Using SMA as bracing is more effective in reducing the
displacements. The efficiency of SMA is dependant on the input
wave motions and the construction system as well.
Abstract: In the present study the efficiency of Big Bang-Big
Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm is investigated in discrete structural
design optimization. It is shown that a standard version of the BB-BC
algorithm is sometimes unable to produce reasonable solutions to
problems from discrete structural design optimization. Two
reformulations of the algorithm, which are referred to as modified
BB-BC (MBB-BC) and exponential BB-BC (EBB-BC), are
introduced to enhance the capability of the standard algorithm in
locating good solutions for steel truss and frame type structures,
respectively. The performances of the proposed algorithms are
experimented and compared to its standard version as well as some
other algorithms over several practical design examples. In these
examples, steel structures are sized for minimum weight subject to
stress, stability and displacement limitations according to the
provisions of AISC-ASD.
Abstract: Ontologies play an important role in semantic web
applications and are often developed by different groups and
continues to evolve over time. The knowledge in ontologies changes
very rapidly that make the applications outdated if they continue to
use old versions or unstable if they jump to new versions. Temporal
frames using frame versioning and slot versioning are used to take
care of dynamic nature of the ontologies. The paper proposes new
tags and restructured OWL format enabling the applications to work
with the old or new version of ontologies. Gene Ontology, a very
dynamic ontology, has been used as a case study to explain the OWL
Ontology with Temporal Tags.
Abstract: The robustness of color-based signatures in the presence of a selection of representative distortions is investigated. Considered are five signatures that have been developed and evaluated within a new modular framework. Two signatures presented in this work are directly derived from histograms gathered from video frames. The other three signatures are based on temporal information by computing difference histograms between adjacent frames. In order to obtain objective and reproducible results, the evaluations are conducted based on several randomly assembled test sets. These test sets are extracted from a video repository that contains a wide range of broadcast content including documentaries, sports, news, movies, etc. Overall, the experimental results show the adequacy of color-histogram-based signatures for video fingerprinting applications and indicate which type of signature should be preferred in the presence of certain distortions.
Abstract: The unanticipated destruct of more of the steel moment frames in Northridge earthquake, altered class of regard to the beamto- column connections in moment frames. Panel zone is one the significant part of joints which, it-s stiffness and rigidity has an important effect on the behavior and ductility of the frame. Specifically that behavior of panel zone has a very significant effect on the special moment frames. In this paper , meanwhile the relations for modeling of panel zone in frames are expressed , special moment frames with different spans and stories were studied in the way of performance-based design. The frames designed in according with Iranian steel building code. The effect of panel zone is also considered and in the case of non-existence of performance level, by changing in intimacies and parameter of panel zone, performance level is considered.
Abstract: The paper presents an on-line recognition machine
(RM) for continuous/isolated, dynamic and static gestures that arise
in Flight Deck Officer (FDO) training. RM is based on generic pattern
recognition framework. Gestures are represented as templates using
summary statistics. The proposed recognition algorithm exploits temporal
and spatial characteristics of gestures via dynamic programming
and Markovian process. The algorithm predicts corresponding index
of incremental input data in the templates in an on-line mode.
Accumulated consistency in the sequence of prediction provides a
similarity measurement (Score) between input data and the templates.
The algorithm provides an intuitive mechanism for automatic detection
of start/end frames of continuous gestures. In the present paper,
we consider isolated gestures. The performance of RM is evaluated
using four datasets - artificial (W TTest), hand motion (Yang) and
FDO (tracker, vision-based ). RM achieves comparable results which
are in agreement with other on-line and off-line algorithms such as
hidden Markov model (HMM) and dynamic time warping (DTW).
The proposed algorithm has the additional advantage of providing
timely feedback for training purposes.
Abstract: Motion capture devices have been utilized in
producing several contents, such as movies and video games. However,
since motion capture devices are expensive and inconvenient to use,
motions segmented from captured data was recycled and synthesized
to utilize it in another contents, but the motions were generally
segmented by contents producers in manual. Therefore, automatic
motion segmentation is recently getting a lot of attentions. Previous
approaches are divided into on-line and off-line, where on-line
approaches segment motions based on similarities between
neighboring frames and off-line approaches segment motions by
capturing the global characteristics in feature space. In this paper, we
propose a graph-based high-level motion segmentation method. Since
high-level motions consist of several repeated frames within temporal
distances, we consider all similarities among all frames within the
temporal distance. This is achieved by constructing a graph, where
each vertex represents a frame and the edges between the frames are
weighted by their similarity. Then, normalized cuts algorithm is used
to partition the constructed graph into several sub-graphs by globally
finding minimum cuts. In the experiments, the results using the
proposed method showed better performance than PCA-based method
in on-line and GMM-based method in off-line, as the proposed method
globally segment motions from the graph constructed based
similarities between neighboring frames as well as similarities among
all frames within temporal distances.
Abstract: The characterization and modeling of the dynamic
behavior of many built-up structures under vibration conditions is still
a subject of current research. The present study emphasizes the
theoretical investigation of slip damping in layered and jointed
welded cantilever structures using finite element approach.
Application of finite element method in damping analysis is relatively
recent, as such, some problems particularly slip damping analysis has
not received enough attention. To validate the finite element model
developed, experiments have been conducted on a number of mild
steel specimens under different initial conditions of vibration. Finite
element model developed affirms that the damping capacity of such
structures is influenced by a number of vital parameters such as;
pressure distribution, kinematic coefficient of friction and micro-slip
at the interfaces, amplitude, frequency of vibration, length and
thickness of the specimen. Finite element model developed can be
utilized effectively in the design of machine tools, automobiles,
aerodynamic and space structures, frames and machine members for
enhancing their damping capacity.
Abstract: Super-resolution is nowadays used for a high-resolution
image produced from several low-resolution noisy frames. In
this work, we consider the problem of high-quality interpolation of a
single noise-free image. Such images may come from different sources,
i.e., they may be frames of videos, individual pictures, etc. On
the other hand, in the encoder we apply a downsampling via
bidimen-sional interpolation of each frame, and in the decoder we
apply a upsampling by which we restore the original size of the
image. If the compression ratio is very high, then we use a
convolutive mask that restores the edges, eliminating the blur.
Finally, both, the encoder and the complete decoder are implemented
on General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units
(GPGPU) cards. In fact, the mentioned mask is coded inside texture
memory of a GPGPU.
Abstract: In This paper, the behavior of eccentric braced frame
(EBF) is studied with replacing friction damper (FD) in confluence of these braces, in 5 and 10-storey steel frames. For FD system, the main step is to determine the slip load. For this reason, the performance indexes include roof displacement, base shear, dissipated energy and relative performance should be investigated. In
nonlinear dynamic analysis, the response of structure to three
earthquake records has been obtained and the values of roof
displacement, base shear and column axial force for FD and EBF
frames have been compared. The results demonstrate that use of the FD in frames, in comparison with the EBF, substantially reduces the roof displacement, column axial force and base shear. The obtained results show suitable performance of FD in higher storey structure in
comparison with the EBF.
Abstract: The effect of different combinations of response
feedback on the performance of active control system on nonlinear
frames has been studied in this paper. To this end different feedback
combinations including displacement, velocity, acceleration and full
response feedback have been utilized in controlling the response of
an eight story bilinear hysteretic frame which has been subjected to a
white noise excitation and controlled by eight actuators which could
fully control the frame. For active control of nonlinear frame
Newmark nonlinear instantaneous optimal control algorithm has been
used which a diagonal matrix has been selected for weighting
matrices in performance index. For optimal design of active control
system while the objective has been to reduce the maximum drift to
below the yielding level, Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA) has
been used to determine the proper set of weighting matrices. The
criteria to assess the effect of each combination of response feedback
have been the minimum required control force to reduce the
maximum drift to below the yielding drift. The results of numerical
simulation show that the performance of active control system is
dependent on the type of response feedback where the velocity
feedback is more effective in designing optimal control system in
comparison with displacement and acceleration feedback. Also using
full feedback of response in controller design leads to minimum
control force amongst other combinations. Also the distributed
genetic algorithm shows acceptable convergence speed in solving the
optimization problem of designing active control systems.
Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation for a wavelet-based
digital watermarking technique used in estimating the quality of
video sequences transmitted over Additive White Gaussian Noise
(AWGN) channel in terms of a classical objective metric, such as
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) without the need of the original
video. In this method, a watermark is embedded into the Discrete
Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain of the original video frames
using a quantization method. The degradation of the extracted
watermark can be used to estimate the video quality in terms of
PSNR with good accuracy. We calculated PSNR for video frames
contaminated with AWGN and compared the values with those
estimated using the Watermarking-DWT based approach. It is found
that the calculated and estimated quality measures of the video
frames are highly correlated, suggesting that this method can provide
a good quality measure for video frames transmitted over AWGN
channel without the need of the original video.
Abstract: Conventional concentrically-braced frame (CBF)
systems have limited drift capacity before brace buckling and related
damage leads to deterioration in strength and stiffness. Self-centering
concentrically-braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed
to increase drift capacity prior to initiation of damage and minimize
residual drift. SC-CBFs differ from conventional CBFs in that the
SC-CBF columns are designed to uplift from the foundation at a
specified level of lateral loading, initiating a rigid-body rotation
(rocking) of the frame. Vertically-aligned post-tensioning bars resist
uplift and provide a restoring force to return the SC-CBF columns to
the foundation (self-centering the system). This paper presents a
parametric study of different prototype buildings using SC-CBFs.
The bay widths of the SC-CBFs have been varied in these buildings
to study different geometries. Nonlinear numerical analyses of the
different SC-CBFs are presented to illustrate the effect of frame
geometry on the behavior and dynamic response of the SC-CBF
system.
Abstract: In industry, on of the most important subjects is die
and it's characteristics in which for cutting and forming different
mechanical pieces, various punch and matrix metal die are used.
whereas the common parts which form the main frame die are not
often proportion with pieces and dies therefore using a part as socalled
common part for frames in specified dimension ranges can
decrease the time of designing, occupied space of warehouse and
manufacturing costs. Parts in dies with getting uniform in their shape
and dimension make common parts of dies. Common parts of punch
and matrix metal die are as bolster, guide bush, guide pillar and
shank. In this paper the common parts and effective parameters in
selecting each of them as the primary information are studied,
afterward for selection and design of mechanical parts an
introduction and investigation based on the Mech. Desk. software is
done hence with developing this software can standardize the metal
common parts of punch and matrix. These studies will be so useful
for designer in their designing and also using it has with very much
advantage for manufactures of products in decreasing occupied
spaces by dies.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to develop a fast and
reliable surveillance system based on a personal digital assistant
(PDA) device. This is to extend the capability of the device to detect
moving objects which is already available in personal computers.
Secondly, to compare the performance between Background
subtraction (BS) and Temporal Frame Differencing (TFD) techniques
for PDA platform as to which is more suitable. In order to reduce
noise and to prepare frames for the moving object detection part,
each frame is first converted to a gray-scale representation and then
smoothed using a Gaussian low pass filter. Two moving object
detection schemes i.e., BS and TFD have been analyzed. The
background frame is updated by using Infinite Impulse Response
(IIR) filter so that the background frame is adapted to the varying
illuminate conditions and geometry settings. In order to reduce the
effect of noise pixels resulting from frame differencing
morphological filters erosion and dilation are applied. In this
research, it has been found that TFD technique is more suitable for
motion detection purpose than the BS in term of speed. On average
TFD is approximately 170 ms faster than the BS technique
Abstract: Currently, there are many local area industrial networks
that can give guaranteed bandwidth to synchronous traffic, particularly
providing CBR channels (Constant Bit Rate), which allow
improved bandwidth management. Some of such networks operate
over Ethernet, delivering channels with enough capacity, specially
with compressors, to integrate multimedia traffic in industrial monitoring
and image processing applications with many sources. In
these industrial environments where a low latency is an essential
requirement, JPEG is an adequate compressing technique but it
generates VBR traffic (Variable Bit Rate). Transmitting VBR traffic
in CBR channels is inefficient and current solutions to this problem
significantly increase the latency or further degrade the quality. In
this paper an R(q) model is used which allows on-line calculation of
the JPEG quantification factor. We obtained increased quality, a lower
requirement for the CBR channel with reduced number of discarded
frames along with better use of the channel bandwidth.
Abstract: This paper presents a robust vehicle detection approach using Haar-like feature. It is possible to get a strong edge feature from this Haar-like feature. Therefore it is very effective to remove the shadow of a vehicle on the road. And we can detect the boundary of vehicles accurately. In the paper, the vehicle detection algorithm can be divided into two main steps. One is hypothesis generation, and the other is hypothesis verification. In the first step, it determines vehicle candidates using features such as a shadow, intensity, and vertical edge. And in the second step, it determines whether the candidate is a vehicle or not by using the symmetry of vehicle edge features. In this research, we can get the detection rate over 15 frames per second on our embedded system.
Abstract: This paper presents the enhanced frame-based video coding scheme. The input source video to the enhanced frame-based video encoder consists of a rectangular-size video and shapes of arbitrarily-shaped objects on video frames. The rectangular frame texture is encoded by the conventional frame-based coding technique and the video object-s shape is encoded using the contour-based vertex coding. It is possible to achieve several useful content-based functionalities by utilizing the shape information in the bitstream at the cost of a very small overhead to the bitrate.