Abstract: Mobility is one of the most important societal needs for amusement, business activities and health. Thus, transport needs are continuously increasing, with the consequent traffic congestion and pollution increase. Aeronautic effort aims at smarter infrastructures use and in introducing greener concepts. A possible solution to address the abovementioned topics is the development of Small Air Transport (SAT) system, able to guarantee operability from today underused airfields in an affordable and green way, helping meanwhile travel time reduction, too. In the framework of Horizon2020, EU (European Union) has funded the Clean Sky 2 SAT TA (Transverse Activity) initiative to address market innovations able to reduce SAT operational cost and environmental impact, ensuring good levels of operational safety. Nowadays, most of the key technologies to improve passenger comfort and to reduce community noise, DOC (Direct Operating Costs) and pilot workload for SAT have reached an intermediate level of maturity TRL (Technology Readiness Level) 3/4. Thus, the key technologies must be developed, validated and integrated on dedicated ground and flying aircraft demonstrators to reach higher TRL levels (5/6). Particularly, SAT TA focuses on the integration at aircraft level of the following technologies [1]: 1) Low-cost composite wing box and engine nacelle using OoA (Out of Autoclave) technology, LRI (Liquid Resin Infusion) and advance automation process. 2) Innovative high lift devices, allowing aircraft operations from short airfields (< 800 m). 3) Affordable small aircraft manufacturing of metallic fuselage using FSW (Friction Stir Welding) and LMD (Laser Metal Deposition). 4) Affordable fly-by-wire architecture for small aircraft (CS23 certification rules). 5) More electric systems replacing pneumatic and hydraulic systems (high voltage EPGDS -Electrical Power Generation and Distribution System-, hybrid de-ice system, landing gear and brakes). 6) Advanced avionics for small aircraft, reducing pilot workload. 7) Advanced cabin comfort with new interiors materials and more comfortable seats. 8) New generation of turboprop engine with reduced fuel consumption, emissions, noise and maintenance costs for 19 seats aircraft. (9) Alternative diesel engine for 9 seats commuter aircraft. To address abovementioned market innovations, two different platforms have been designed: Reference and Green aircraft. Reference aircraft is a virtual aircraft designed considering 2014 technologies with an existing engine assuring requested take-off power; Green aircraft is designed integrating the technologies addressed in Clean Sky 2. Preliminary integration of the proposed technologies shows an encouraging reduction of emissions and operational costs of small: about 20% CO2 reduction, about 24% NOx reduction, about 10 db (A) noise reduction at measurement point and about 25% DOC reduction. Detailed description of the performed studies, analyses and validations for each technology as well as the expected benefit at aircraft level are reported in the present paper.
Abstract: Geometric modeling plays an important role in the
constructions and manufacturing of curve, surface and solid
modeling. Their algorithms are critically important not only in
the automobile, ship and aircraft manufacturing business, but are
also absolutely necessary in a wide variety of modern applications,
e.g., robotics, optimization, computer vision, data analytics and
visualization. The calculation and display of geometric objects
can be accomplished by these six techniques: Polynomial basis,
Recursive, Iterative, Coefficient matrix, Polar form approach and
Pyramidal algorithms. In this research, the coefficient matrix (simply
called monomial form approach) will be used to model polynomial
rectangular patches, i.e., Said-Ball, Wang-Ball, DP, Dejdumrong and
NB1 surfaces. Some examples of the monomial forms for these
surface modeling are illustrated in many aspects, e.g., construction,
derivatives, model transformation, degree elevation and degress
reduction.
Abstract: This research aims to study value-creation process of
producing monk-s bowls, Thai traditional handicrafts, which is facing problems in adapting to the changing society. It also aims to identify
problems and obstacles to value creation. This research is based on a case study of monk-s bowl manufactures from Ban-Baat Village,
Bangkok. The conceptual framework is based on the model of value
chain to analyze the process.
The research methodology is qualitative. This research found that the value-creation process of monk-s bowls consists of eight
activities contributing to adding value to the products and increasing
profits to the producers in return. Five major problems and obstacles
are found.
The research suggests that these problems and obstacles limit the manufacturers- potential for creating more valued product and lead to business stagnation. These problems should be addressed and solved with collaboration among the government, the private sector and the
manufacturers.