Abstract: Multi-user interference (MUI) is the main reason of system deterioration in the Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) system. MUI increases with the number of simultaneous users, resulting into higher probability bit rate and limits the maximum number of simultaneous users. On the other hand, Phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) problem which is originated from spontaneous emission of broad band source from MUI severely limits the system performance should be addressed as well. Since the MUI is caused by the interference of simultaneous users, reducing the MUI value as small as possible is desirable. In this paper, an extensive study for the system performance specified by MUI and PIIN reducing is examined. Vectors Combinatorial (VC) codes families are adopted as a signature sequence for the performance analysis and a comparison with reported codes is performed. The results show that, when the received power increases, the PIIN noise for all the codes increases linearly. The results also show that the effect of PIIN can be minimized by increasing the code weight leads to preserve adequate signal to noise ratio over bit error probability. A comparison study between the proposed code and the existing codes such as Modified frequency hopping (MFH), Modified Quadratic- Congruence (MQC) has been carried out.
Abstract: A new code for spectral-amplitude coding optical
code-division multiple-access system is proposed called Random
diagonal (RD) code. This code is constructed using code segment and
data segment. One of the important properties of this code is that the
cross correlation at data segment is always zero, which means that
Phase Intensity Induced Noise (PIIN) is reduced. For the performance
analysis, the effects of phase-induced intensity noise, shot noise, and
thermal noise are considered simultaneously. Bit-error rate (BER)
performance is compared with Hadamard and Modified Frequency
Hopping (MFH) codes. It is shown that the system using this new
code matrices not only suppress PIIN, but also allows larger number
of active users compare with other codes. Simulation results shown
that using point to point transmission with three encoded channels,
RD code has better BER performance than other codes, also its found
that at 0 dbm PIIN noise are 10-10 and 10-11 for RD and MFH
respectively.
Abstract: This paper proposes a method that predicts attractive
evaluation objects. In the learning phase, the method inductively
acquires trend rules from complex sequential data. The data is
composed of two types of data. One is numerical sequential data.
Each evaluation object has respective numerical sequential data. The
other is text sequential data. Each evaluation object is described in
texts. The trend rules represent changes of numerical values related
to evaluation objects. In the prediction phase, the method applies
new text sequential data to the trend rules and evaluates which
evaluation objects are attractive. This paper verifies the effect of the
proposed method by using stock price sequences and news headline
sequences. In these sequences, each stock brand corresponds to an
evaluation object. This paper discusses validity of predicted attractive
evaluation objects, the process time of each phase, and the possibility
of application tasks.
Abstract: This paper reports the three-phase (gas + liquid +
hydrate) equilibrium pressure versus temperature data for a (O3 + O2 +
CO2 + H2O) system for developing the hydrate-based technology to
preserve ozone, a chemically unstable substance, for various
industrial, medical and consumer uses. These data cover the
temperature range from 272 K to 277 K, corresponding to pressures
from 1.6 MPa to 3.1 MPa, for each of the three different (O3 +
O2)-to-CO2 or O2-to-CO2 molar ratios in the gas phase, which are
approximately 4 : 6, 5 : 5, respectively. The mole fraction of ozone in
the gas phase was ~0.03 , which are the densest ozone fraction to
artificially form O3 containing hydrate ever reported in the literature.
Based on these data, the formation of hydrate containing
high-concentration ozone, as high as 1 mass %, will be expected.
Abstract: In North America, Most power distribution systems
employ a four-wire multi-grounded neutral (MGN) design. This paper has explained the inherent characteristics of multi-grounded three-phase four-wire distribution systems under unbalanced
situations. As a result, the mechanism of voltage swell and voltage sag in MGN feeders becomes difficult to understand. The simulation
tool that has been used in this paper is MATLAB under Windows software. In this paper the equivalent model of a full-scale multigrounded
distribution system implemented by MATLAB is
introduced. The results are expected to help utility engineers to understand the impact of MGN on distribution system operations.
Abstract: The Spiral development model has been used
successfully in many commercial systems and in a good number of
defense systems. This is due to the fact that cost-effective
incremental commitment of funds, via an analogy of the spiral model
to stud poker and also can be used to develop hardware or integrate
software, hardware, and systems. To support adaptive, semantic
collaboration between domain experts and knowledge engineers, a
new knowledge engineering process, called Spiral_OWL is proposed.
This model is based on the idea of iterative refinement, annotation
and structuring of knowledge base. The Spiral_OWL model is
generated base on spiral model and knowledge engineering
methodology. A central paradigm for Spiral_OWL model is the
concentration on risk-driven determination of knowledge engineering
process. The collaboration aspect comes into play during knowledge
acquisition and knowledge validation phase. Design rationales for the
Spiral_OWL model are to be easy-to-implement, well-organized, and
iterative development cycle as an expanding spiral.
Abstract: To decompose organochlorides by bioremediation, co-culture biohydrogen producer and dehalogenation microorganisms is a useful method. In this study, we combined these two characteristics from a biohydrogen producer, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and a dehalogenation microorganism, Pseudomonas putida, to enchance halorespiration in R. palustris. The genes encoding cytochrome P450cam system (camC, camA, and camB) from P. putida were expressed in R. palustris with designated expression plasmid. All tested strains were cultured to log phase then presented pentachloroethane (PCA) in media. The vector control strain could degrade PCA about 78% after 16 hours, however, the cytochrome P450cam system expressed strain, CGA-camCAB, could completely degrade PCA in 12 hours. While taking chlorinated aromatic, 3-chlorobenzoate, as sole carbon source or present benzoate as co-substrate, CGA-camCAB presented faster growth rate than vector control strain.
Abstract: We constructed a method of phase unwrapping for a typical wave-front by utilizing the maximizer of the posterior marginal (MPM) estimate corresponding to equilibrium statistical mechanics of the three-state Ising model on a square lattice on the basis of an analogy between statistical mechanics and Bayesian inference. We investigated the static properties of an MPM estimate from a phase diagram using Monte Carlo simulation for a typical wave-front with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. The simulations clarified that the surface-consistency conditions were useful for extending the phase where the MPM estimate was successful in phase unwrapping with a high degree of accuracy and that introducing prior information into the MPM estimate also made it possible to extend the phase under the constraint of the surface-consistency conditions with a high degree of accuracy. We also found that the MPM estimate could be used to reconstruct the original wave-fronts more smoothly, if we appropriately tuned hyper-parameters corresponding to temperature to utilize fluctuations around the MAP solution. Also, from the viewpoint of statistical mechanics of the Q-Ising model, we found that the MPM estimate was regarded as a method for searching the ground state by utilizing thermal fluctuations under the constraint of the surface-consistency condition.
Abstract: One way for optimum loading of overdimensioning
conveyers is speed (capacity) decrement, with attention for
production capabilities and demands. At conveyers which drives with
three phase slip-ring induction motor, technically reasonable solution
for conveyer (driving motors) speed regulation is using constant
torque subsynchronous cascade with static semiconductor converter
and transformer for energy reversion to the power network. In the
paper is described mathematical model for parameter calculation of
two-motors 6 kV subsynchronous cascade. It is also demonstrated
that applying of this cascade gave several good properties, foremost
in electrical energy saving, also in improving of other energy
indexes, and finally that results in cost reduction of complete
electrical motor drive.
Abstract: Free convection effects and heat transfer due to a pulsating point heat source embedded in an infinite, fluid saturated, porous dusty medium are studied analytically. Both velocity and temperature fields are discussed in the form of series expansions in the Rayleigh number, for both the fluid and particle phases based on the mean heat generation rate from source and on the permeability of the porous dusty medium. This study is carried out by assuming the Rayleigh number small and the validity of Darcy-s law. Analytical expressions for both phases are obtained for second order mean in both velocity and temperature fields and evolution of different wave patterns are observed in the fluctuating part. It has been observed that, at the vicinity of the origin, the second order mean flow is influenced only by relaxation time of dust particles and not by dust concentration.
Abstract: In this paper a technique for increasing the
convergence rate of fractionally spaced channel equalizer is
proposed. Instead of symbol-spaced updating of the equalizer filter, a
mechanism has been devised to update the filter at a higher rate. This
ensures convergence of the equalizer filter at a higher rate and
therefore less time-consuming. The proposed technique has been
simulated and tested for two-ray modeled channels with various
delay spreads. These channels include minimum-phase and nonminimum-
phase channels. Simulation results suggest that that
proposed technique outperforms the conventional technique of
symbol-spaced updating of equalizer filter.
Abstract: We analyze hand dexterity in Parkinson-s disease patients (PD) and control subjects using a natural manual transport task (moving an object from one place to another). Eight PD patients and ten control subjects performed the task repeatedly at maximum speed both in OFF and ON medicated status. The movement parameters and the grip and load forces were recorded by a single optoelectronic camera and force transducers built in the especially designed object. Using the force and velocity signals, ten subsequent phases of the transport movement were defined and their durations were measured. The outline of 3D optical measurement is presented to obtain more precise movement trajectory.
Abstract: Recently electric vehicles are becoming popular as an
alternative of conventional fossil fuel vehicles. Conventional Internal
Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle uses fossil fuel which contributing
a major part of overall carbon emission in the environment. Carbon
and other green house gas emission are responsible for global
warming and resulting climate change. It becomes vital to evaluate
performance of vehicle based on emission. In this paper an effort has
been made to depict the picture of emission caused by vehicle and
scenario of Australia has taken into account. Effort has been made to
compare the fossil based vehicle with electric vehicle in phases. The
study also evaluates advancement in electric vehicle technology,
required infrastructure for sustainability and future scope of
developments. This paper also includes the evaluation of electric
vehicle concept for pollution control and sustainable transport
systems in future. This study can be a benchmark for development of
electric vehicle as low carbon emission alternative for the cities of
tomorrow.
Abstract: Fluids are used for heat transfer in many engineering
equipments. Water, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are some
of the common heat transfer fluids. Over the years, in an attempt to
reduce the size of the equipment and/or efficiency of the process,
various techniques have been employed to improve the heat transfer
rate of these fluids. Surface modification, use of inserts and
increased fluid velocity are some examples of heat transfer
enhancement techniques. Addition of milli or micro sized particles
to the heat transfer fluid is another way of improving heat transfer
rate. Though this looks simple, this method has practical problems
such as high pressure loss, clogging and erosion of the material of
construction. These problems can be overcome by using nanofluids,
which is a dispersion of nanosized particles in a base fluid.
Nanoparticles increase the thermal conductivity of the base fluid
manifold which in turn increases the heat transfer rate. In this work,
the heat transfer enhancement using aluminium oxide nanofluid has
been studied by computational fluid dynamic modeling of the
nanofluid flow adopting the single phase approach.
Abstract: Mechanical interaction between endothelial cells (ECs) and the extracellular matrix (or collagen gel) is known to influence the sprouting response of endothelial cells during angiogenesis. This influence is believed to impact on the capability of endothelial cells to sense soluble chemical cues. Quantitative analysis of endothelial-cell-mediated displacement of the collagen gel provides a means to explore this mechanical interaction. Existing analysis in this context is generally limited to 2D settings. In this paper, we investigate the mechanical interaction between endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix in terms of the endothelial-cellmediated displacement of the collagen gel in both 2D and 3D. Digital image correlation and Digital volume correlation are applied on confocal reflectance image stacks to analyze cell-mediated displacement of the gel. The skeleton of the sprout is extracted from phase contrast images and superimposed on the displacement field to further investigate the link between the development of the sprout and the displacement of the gel.
Abstract: In the urban traffic network, the intersections are the
“bottleneck point" of road network capacity. And the arterials are the
main body in road network and the key factor which guarantees the
normal operation of the city-s social and economic activities. The
rapid increase in vehicles leads to seriously traffic jam and cause the
increment of vehicles- delay. Most cities of our country are
traditional single control system, which cannot meet the need for the
city traffic any longer. In this paper, Synchro6.0 as a platform to
minimize the intersection delay, optimizesingle signal cycle and split
for Zhonghua Street in Handan City. Meanwhile, linear control
system uses to optimize the phase for the t arterial road in this
system. Comparing before and after use the control, capacities and
service levels of this road and the adjacent road have improved
significantly.
Abstract: A microchannel with two inlets and two outlets was tested as a potential reactor to carry out two-phase catalytic phase transfer reaction with phase separation at the exit of the microchannel. The catalytic phase transfer reaction between benzyl chloride and sodium sulfide was chosen as a model reaction. The effect of operational time on the conversion was studied. By utilizing a multiphase parallel flow inside the microchannel reactor with the aid of a guideline structure, the catalytic phase reaction followed by phase separation could be ensured. The organic phase could be separated completely from one exit and part of the aqueous phase was separated purely and could be reused with slightly affecting the catalytic phase transfer reaction.
Abstract: The design problem of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)
digital filters is usually expressed as the minimization problem of
the complex magnitude error that includes both the magnitude and
phase information. However, the group delay of the filter obtained
by solving such design problem may be far from the desired group
delay. In this paper, we propose a design method of stable IIR digital
filters with prespecified maximum group delay errors. In the proposed
method, the approximation problems of the magnitude-phase and
group delay are separately defined, and these two approximation
problems are alternately solved using successive projections. As a
result, the proposed method can design the IIR filters that satisfy the
prespecified allowable errors for not only the complex magnitude but
also the group delay by alternately executing the coefficient update
for the magnitude-phase and the group delay approximation. The
usefulness of the proposed method is verified through some examples.
Abstract: The prediction of financial time series is a very
complicated process. If the efficient market hypothesis holds, then the predictability of most financial time series would be a rather
controversial issue, due to the fact that the current price contains already all available information in the market. This paper extends
the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for High Frequency
Trading which is an expert system that is capable of using fuzzy reasoning combined with the pattern recognition capability of neural networks to be used in financial forecasting and trading in high
frequency. However, in order to eliminate unnecessary input in the
training phase a new event based volatility model was proposed.
Taking volatility and the scaling laws of financial time series into consideration has brought about the development of the Intraday Seasonality Observation Model. This new model allows the observation of specific events and seasonalities in data and subsequently removes any unnecessary data. This new event based
volatility model provides the ANFIS system with more accurate input
and has increased the overall performance of the system.
Abstract: This paper deals with the modeling and the evaluation of a multiplicative phase noise influence on the bit error ratio in a general space communication system. Our research is focused on systems with multi-state phase shift keying modulation techniques and it turns out, that the phase noise significantly affects the bit error rate, especially for higher signal to noise ratios. These results come from a system model created in Matlab environment and are shown in a form of constellation diagrams and bit error rate dependencies. The change of a user data bit rate is also considered and included into simulation results. Obtained outcomes confirm theoretical presumptions.