Abstract: This paper identifies five key design characteristics of
production scheduling software systems in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. The authors consider that, in addition to an effective scheduling engine, a scheduling system should be able to
process a preventative maintenance calendar, to give the user the
flexibility to handle data using a variety of electronic sources, to run
simulations to support decision-making, and to have simple and
customisable graphical user interfaces. These design considerations
were the result of a review of academic literature, the evaluation of
commercial applications and a compilation of requirements of a PCB manufacturer. It was found that, from those systems that were evaluated, those that effectively addressed all five characteristics
outlined in this paper were the most robust of all and could be used in
PCB manufacturing.
Abstract: The paper proposes an approach for design of modular
systems based on original technique for modeling and formulation of
combinatorial optimization problems. The proposed approach is
described on the example of personal computer configuration design.
It takes into account the existing compatibility restrictions between
the modules and can be extended and modified to reflect different
functional and users- requirements. The developed design modeling
technique is used to formulate single objective nonlinear mixedinteger
optimization tasks. The practical applicability of the
developed approach is numerically tested on the basis of real modules
data. Solutions of the formulated optimization tasks define the
optimal configuration of the system that satisfies all compatibility
restrictions and user requirements.
Abstract: This paper describes a method to improve the robustness of a face recognition system based on the combination of two compensating classifiers. The face images are preprocessed by the appearance-based statistical approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). LDA features of the face image are taken as the input of the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN). The proposed approach has been tested on the ORL database. The experimental results show that the LDA+RBFN algorithm has achieved a recognition rate of 93.5%
Abstract: An innovative approach utilizing highly alkaline oil
shale waste ash and carbon dioxide gas (CO2), associated with power
production, as a resource for production of precipitated calcium
carbonate (PCC) is introduced in this paper. The specifics and
feasibility of the integrated ash valorization and CO2 sequestration
process by indirect aqueous carbonation of lime-consisting ash were
elaborated and the main parameters established. Detailed description
of the formed precipitates was included. Complimentary carbonation
experiments with commercial CaO fine powder were conducted for
comparative characterization of the final products obtained on the
basis of two different raw materials. Finally, the expected CO2
uptake was evaluated.
Abstract: In this paper an average number of re-handlings
analysis is proposed to solve the problem of finding bays
configuration in small container terminal in Gliwice, Poland.
Rehandlings in this terminal can be performed only by reachstackers.
The goal of the heuristic is to plan the reachstacter moves in the
terminal, assuming that the target containers are reached and the
number of re-handings is minimized. The real situation requires also
to take into account the model of the problem environment
uncertainty caused by the fact that many containers are not delivered
to the terminal on time, or can not be sent on scheduled time. To
enable this, the heuristic uses some assumptions to simplify problem
analysis.
Abstract: The principal objective of a water treatment plant is to
produce water that satisfies a set of drinking water quality standards
at a reasonable price to the consumers. The gravel-bed flocculator
provide a simple and inexpensive design for flocculation in small
water treatment plants (less than 5000 m3/day capacity). The packed
bed of gravel provides ideal conditions for the formation of compact
settleable flocs because of continuous recontact provided by the
sinuous flow of water through the interstices formed by the gravel.
The field data which were obtained from the operation of the
water supply treatment unit cover the physical, chemical and
biological water qualities of the raw and settled water as obtained by
the operation of the treatment unit. The experiments were carried out
with the aim of assessing the efficiency of the gravel filter in
removing the turbidity, pathogenic bacteria, from the raw water. The
water treatment plant, which was constructed for the treatment of
river water, was in principle a rapid sand filter.
The results show that the average value of the turbidity level of
the settled water was 4.83 NTU with a standard deviation of turbidity
2.893 NTU. This indicated that the removal efficiency of the
sedimentation tank (gravel filter) was about 67.8 %. for pH values
fluctuated between 7.75 and 8.15, indicating the alkaline nature of
the raw water of the river Shatt Al-Hilla, as expected. Raw water pH
is depressed slightly following alum coagulation. The pH of the
settled water ranged from 7.75 to a maximum of 8.05.
The bacteriological tests which were carried out on the water
samples were: total coliform test, E-coli test, and the plate count test.
In each test the procedure used was as outlined in the Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA,
AWWA, and WPCF, 1985). The gravel filter exhibit a low
performance in removing bacterial load. The percentage bacterial
removal, which is maximum for total plate count (19%) and
minimum for total coliform (16.82%).
Abstract: Col is a classic combinatorial game played on graphs
and to solve a general instance is a PSPACE-complete problem.
However, winning strategies can be found for some specific graph
instances. In this paper, the solution of Col on complete k-ary trees
is presented.
Abstract: The recent developments in computing and
communication technology permit to users to access multimedia
documents with variety of devices (PCs, PDAs, mobile phones...)
having heterogeneous capabilities. This diversification of supports
has trained the need to adapt multimedia documents according to
their execution contexts. A semantic framework for multimedia
document adaptation based on the conceptual neighborhood graphs
was proposed. In this framework, adapting consists on finding
another specification that satisfies the target constraints and which is
as close as possible from the initial document. In this paper, we
propose a new way of building the conceptual neighborhood graphs
to best preserve the proximity between the adapted and the original
documents and to deal with more elaborated relations models by
integrating the relations relaxation graphs that permit to handle the
delays and the distances defined within the relations.
Abstract: This research proposes a methodology for patent-citation-based technology input-output analysis by applying the patent information to input-output analysis developed for the dependencies among different industries. For this analysis, a technology relationship matrix and its components, as well as input and technology inducement coefficients, are constructed using patent information. Then, a technology inducement coefficient is calculated by normalizing the degree of citation from certain IPCs to the different IPCs (International patent classification) or to the same IPCs. Finally, we construct a Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) based on the technology inducement coefficient to suggest a useful application for this methodology.
Abstract: It is believed that DNA damaging toxic metabolites contributes to the development of different pathological conditions. To prevent harmful influence of toxic agents, cells developed number of protecting mechanisms, such as enzymatic reaction of detoxification of reactive metabolites and repair of DNA damage. The aim of the study was to examine the association between polymorphism of GSTT1/GSTM1 and XRCC1/3 genes and coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence. To examine a polymorphism of these genes in CAD susceptibility in patients and controls, PCR based genotyping assay was performed. For GST genes, frequency of GSTM1 null genotype among CAD affected group was significantly increased than in control group (P0.1). We found that neither XRCC1 Arg399Gln nor XRCC3 Thr241Met were associated with CAD risk. Obtained data suggests that GSTM1 null genotype carriers are more susceptible to CAD development.
Abstract: A one-step conservative level set method, combined with a global mass correction method, is developed in this study to simulate the incompressible two-phase flows. The present framework do not need to solve the conservative level set scheme at two separated steps, and the global mass can be exactly conserved. The present method is then more efficient than two-step conservative level set scheme. The dispersion-relation-preserving schemes are utilized for the advection terms. The pressure Poisson equation solver is applied to GPU computation using the pCDR library developed by National Center for High-Performance Computing, Taiwan. The SMP parallelization is used to accelerate the rest of calculations. Three benchmark problems were done for the performance evaluation. Good agreements with the referenced solutions are demonstrated for all the investigated problems.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce GODYS-PC software
package for modeling, simulating and analyzing dynamic systems.
To illustrate the use of GODYS-PC we present a few examples
which concern modeling and simulating of engineering systems. In
order to compare GODYS-PC with widely used in academia and
industry Simulink®, the same examples are provided both in
GODYS-PC and Simulink®.
Abstract: Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EOS) is a modified SAFT EOS with three pure component specific parameters: segment number (m), diameter (σ) and energy (ε). These PC-SAFT parameters need to be determined for each component under the conditions of interest by fitting experimental data, such as vapor pressure, density or heat capacity. PC-SAFT parameters for propane, ethylene and hydrogen in supercritical region were successfully estimated by fitting experimental density data available in literature. The regressed PCSAFT parameters were compared with the literature values by means of estimating pure component density and calculating average absolute deviation between the estimated and experimental density values. PC-SAFT parameters available in literature especially for ethylene and hydrogen estimated density in supercritical region reasonably well. However, the regressed PC-SAFT parameters performed better in supercritical region than the PC-SAFT parameters from literature.
Abstract: As part of national epidemiological survey on bovine
viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a total of 274 dejecta samples were
collected from 14 cattle farms in 8 areas of Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region in northwestern China. Total RNA was extracted
from each sample, and 5--untranslated region (UTR) of BVDV
genome was amplified by using two-step reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products
were subsequently sequenced to study the genetic variations of BVDV
in these areas. Among the 274 samples, 33 samples were found
virus-positive. According to sequence analysis of the PCR products,
the 33 samples could be arranged into 16 groups. All the sequences,
however, were highly conserved with BVDV Osloss strains. The virus
possessed theses sequences belonged to BVDV-1b subtype by
phylogenetic analysis. Based on these data, we established a typing
tree for BVDV in these areas. Our results suggested that BVDV-1b
was a predominant subgenotype in northwestern China and no
correlation between the genetic and geographical distances could be
observed above the farm level.
Abstract: The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays two important
roles in genomic stability: blocking cell proliferation after DNA
damage until it has been repaired, and starting apoptosis if the
damage is too critical. Codon 72 exon4 polymorphism (Arg72Pro) of
the P53 gene has been implicated in cancer risk. Various studies have
been done to investigate the status of p53 at codon 72 for arginine
(Arg) and proline (Pro) alleles in different populations and also the
association of this codon 72 polymorphism with various tumors. Our
objective was to investigate the possible association between P53
Arg72Pro polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer
among Isfahan and Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari (a part of south west
of Iran) population. We investigated the status of p53 at codon 72 for
Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro allele polymorphisms in blood
samples from 145 colorectal cancer patients and 140 controls by
Nested-PCR of p53 exon 4 and digestion with BstUI restriction
enzyme and the DNA fragments were then resolved by
electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel. The Pro allele was 279 bp, while
the Arg allele was restricted into two fragments of 160 and 119 bp.
Among the 145 colorectal cancer cases 49 cases (33.79%) were
homozygous for the Arg72 allele (Arg/Arg), 18 cases (12.41%) were
homozygous for the Pro72 allele (Pro/Pro) and 78 cases (53.8%)
found in heterozygous (Arg/Pro).
In conclusion, it can be said that p53Arg/Arg genotype may be
correlated with possible increased risk of this kind of cancers in south
west of Iran.
Abstract: This paper presents the modeling results of an
innovative system for the temperature control in the interior
compartment of a stationary automobile facing the solar energy from
the sun. A very thin layer of PCM inside a pouch placed in the
ceiling of the car in which the heating energy is absorbed and release
with melting and solidification of phase change materials. As a result
the temperature of the car interior is maintained in the comfort
condition. The amount of required PCM has been calculated to be
about 755 g. The PCM-temperature controlling system is simple and
has a potential to be implemented as a practical solution to prevent
undesirable heating of the automobile-s cabin.
Abstract: This paper describes an optimal approach for feature
subset selection to classify the leaves based on Genetic Algorithm
(GA) and Kernel Based Principle Component Analysis (KPCA). Due
to high complexity in the selection of the optimal features, the
classification has become a critical task to analyse the leaf image
data. Initially the shape, texture and colour features are extracted
from the leaf images. These extracted features are optimized through
the separate functioning of GA and KPCA. This approach performs
an intersection operation over the subsets obtained from the
optimization process. Finally, the most common matching subset is
forwarded to train the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Our
experimental results successfully prove that the application of GA
and KPCA for feature subset selection using SVM as a classifier is
computationally effective and improves the accuracy of the classifier.
Abstract: Several studies have shown the association between
ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects and
climate change, thus highlighting the need to limit the anthropogenic
sources of PM. PM Exposure is commonly monitored as mass
concentration of PM10 (particle aerodynamic diameter < 10μm) or
PM2.5 (particle aerodynamic diameter < 2.5μm), although increasing
toxicity with decreasing aerodynamic diameter has been reported due
to increased surface area and enhanced chemical reactivity with other
species. Additionally, the light scattering properties of PM increases
with decreasing size. Hence, it is important to study the chemical
characterization of finer fraction of the particulate matter and to
identify their sources so that they can be controlled appropriately to a
large extent at the sources before reaching to the receptors.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a hardware and software
design method for automotive Electronic Control Units (ECU)
considering the functional safety. The proposed ECU is considered for
the application to Electro-Mechanical Actuator systems and the
validity of the design method is shown by the application to the
Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) control system which is used as a
brake actuator in Brake-By-Wire (BBW) systems. The importance of a
functional safety-based design approach to EMB ECU design has been
emphasized because of its safety-critical functions, which are executed
with the aid of many electric actuators, sensors, and application
software. Based on hazard analysis and risk assessment according to
ISO26262, the EMB system should be ASIL-D-compliant, the highest
ASIL level. To this end, an external signature watchdog and an
Infineon 32-bit microcontroller TriCore are used to reduce risks
considering common-cause hardware failure. Moreover, a software
design method is introduced for implementing functional
safety-oriented monitoring functions based on an asymmetric dual
core architecture considering redundancy and diversity. The validity
of the proposed ECU design approach is verified by using the EMB
Hardware-In-the-Loop (HILS) system, which consists of the EMB
assembly, actuator ECU, a host PC, and a few debugging devices.
Furthermore, it is shown that the existing sensor fault tolerant control
system can be used more effectively for mitigating the effects of
hardware and software faults by applying the proposed ECU design
method.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for target recognition based on the Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm of Huang etal. [11] and the energy tracking operator of Teager [13]-[14] is introduced. The conjunction of these two methods is called Teager-Huang analysis. This approach is well suited for nonstationary signals analysis. The impulse response (IR) of target is first band pass filtered into subsignals (components) called Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with well defined Instantaneous frequency (IF) and Instantaneous amplitude (IA). Each IMF is a zero-mean AM-FM component. In second step, the energy of each IMF is tracked using the Teager energy operator (TEO). IF and IA, useful to describe the time-varying characteristics of the signal, are estimated using the Energy separation algorithm (ESA) algorithm of Maragos et al .[16]-[17]. In third step, a set of features such as skewness and kurtosis are extracted from the IF, IA and IMF energy functions. The Teager-Huang analysis is tested on set of synthetic IRs of Sonar targets with different physical characteristics (density, velocity, shape,? ). PCA is first applied to features to discriminate between manufactured and natural targets. The manufactured patterns are classified into spheres and cylinders. One hundred percent of correct recognition is achieved with twenty three echoes where sixteen IRs, used for training, are free noise and seven IRs, used for testing phase, are corrupted with white Gaussian noise.