Abstract: Program slicing is the task of finding all statements in
a program that directly or indirectly influence the value of a variable
occurrence. The set of statements that can affect the value of a
variable at some point in a program is called a program backward
slice. In several software engineering applications, such as program
debugging and measuring program cohesion and parallelism, several
slices are computed at different program points. The existing
algorithms for computing program slices are introduced to compute a
slice at a program point. In these algorithms, the program, or the
model that represents the program, is traversed completely or
partially once. To compute more than one slice, the same algorithm
is applied for every point of interest in the program. Thus, the same
program, or program representation, is traversed several times.
In this paper, an algorithm is introduced to compute all forward
static slices of a computer program by traversing the program
representation graph once. Therefore, the introduced algorithm is
useful for software engineering applications that require computing
program slices at different points of a program. The program
representation graph used in this paper is called Program Dependence
Graph (PDG).
Abstract: A homologous series of aromatic esters, 4-nalkanoyloxybenzylidene-
4--bromoanilines, nABBA,
consisting of two 1,4-disubstituted phenyl cores and a Schiff
base central linkage was synthesized. All the members can be
differed by the number of carbon atoms at terminal
alkanoyloxy chain (CnH2n-1COO-, n = 2, 6, 18). The molecular
structure of nABBA was confirmed with infrared
spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy and electron-ionization mass (EI-MS)
spectrometry. Mesomorphic properties were studied using
differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical
microscopy.
Abstract: This paper considers the robust exponential stability issues for a class of uncertain switched neutral system which delays switched according to the switching rule. The system under consideration includes both stable and unstable subsystems. The uncertainties considered in this paper are norm bounded, and possibly time varying. Based on multiple Lyapunov functional approach and dwell-time technique, the time-dependent switching rule is designed depend on the so-called average dwell time of stable subsystems as well as the ratio of the total activation time of stable subsystems and unstable subsystems. It is shown that by suitably controlling the switching between the stable and unstable modes, the robust stabilization of the switched uncertain neutral systems can be achieved. Two simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Abstract: one of the significant factors for improving the
accuracy of Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieval is the correct
understanding of the directional anisotropy for thermal radiance. In
this paper, the multiple scattering effect between heterogeneous
non-isothermal surfaces is described rigorously according to the
concept of configuration factor, based on which a directional thermal
radiance model is built, and the directional radiant character for urban
canopy is analyzed. The model is applied to a simple urban canopy
with row structure to simulate the change of Directional Brightness
Temperature (DBT). The results show that the DBT is aggrandized
because of the multiple scattering effects, whereas the change range of
DBT is smoothed. The temperature difference, spatial distribution,
emissivity of the components can all lead to the change of DBT. The
“hot spot" phenomenon occurs when the proportion of high
temperature component in the vision field came to a head. On the other
hand, the “cool spot" phenomena occur when low temperature
proportion came to the head. The “spot" effect disappears only when
the proportion of every component keeps invariability. The model
built in this paper can be used for the study of directional effect on
emissivity, the LST retrieval over urban areas and the adjacency effect
of thermal remote sensing pixels.
Abstract: In recent years, new product development became more and more competitive and globalized, and the designing phase is critical for the product success. The concept of modularity can provide the necessary foundation for organizations to design products that can respond rapidly to market needs. The paper describes data structures and algorithms of intelligent Web-based system for modular design taking into account modules compatibility relationship and given design requirements. The system intelligence is realized by developed algorithms for choice of modules reflecting all system restrictions and requirements. The proposed data structure and algorithms are illustrated by case study of personal computer configuration. The applicability of the proposed approach is tested through a prototype of Web-based system.
Abstract: Structured catalysts formed from the growth of
zeolites on substrates is an area of increasing interest due to the
increased efficiency of the catalytic process, and the ability to
provide superior heat transfer and thermal conductivity for both
exothermic and endothermic processes.
However, the generation of structured catalysts represents a
significant challenge when balancing the relationship variables
between materials properties and catalytic performance, with the
Na2O, H2O and Al2O3 gel composition paying a significant role in
this dynamic, thereby affecting the both the type and range of
application.
The structured catalyst films generated as part of this
investigation have been characterised using a range of techniques,
including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron microscopy (SEM),
Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Thermogravimetric
Analysis (TGA), with the transition from oxide-on-alloy wires to
hydrothermally synthesised uniformly zeolite coated surfaces being
demonstrated using both SEM and XRD. The robustness of the
coatings has been ascertained by subjecting these to thermal cycling
(ambient to 550oC), with the results indicating that the synthesis time
and gel compositions have a crucial effect on the quality of zeolite
growth on the FeCrAlloy wires.
Finally, the activity of the structured catalyst was verified by a
series of comparison experiments with standard zeolite Y catalysts in
powdered pelleted forms.
Abstract: This paper deals with modeling and parameter
identification of nonlinear systems described by Hammerstein model
having Piecewise nonlinear characteristics such as Dead-zone
nonlinearity characteristic. The simultaneous use of both an easy
decomposition technique and the triangular basis functions leads to a
particular form of Hammerstein model. The approximation by using
Triangular basis functions for the description of the static nonlinear
block conducts to a linear regressor model, so that least squares
techniques can be used for the parameter estimation. Singular Values
Decomposition (SVD) technique has been applied to separate the
coupled parameters. The proposed approach has been efficiently
tested on academic examples of simulation.
Abstract: The Romanian government has been making
significant attempts to make its services and information available on
the Internet. According to the UN e-government survey conducted in
2008, Romania comes under mid range countries by utilization of egovernment
(percent of utilization 41%). Romania-s national portal
www.e-guvernare.ro aims at progressively making all services and
information accessible through the portal. However, the success of
these efforts depends, to a great extent, on how well the targeted
users for such services, citizens in general, make use of them. For
this reason, the purpose of the presented study was to identify what
factors could affect the citizens' adoption of e-government services.
The study is an extension of the Technology Acceptance Model. The
proposed model was validated using data collected from 481 citizens.
The results provided substantial support for all proposed hypotheses
and showed the significance of the extended constructs.
Abstract: This paper explores the sense of place in the Vredefort Dome World Heritage site, South Africa, as an essential input for the formulation of spatial planning proposals for the area. Intangible aspects such as personal and symbolic meanings of sites are currently not integrated in spatial planning in South Africa. This may have a detrimental effect on local inhabitants who have a long history with the site and built up a strong place identity. Involving local inhabitants at an early stage of the planning process and incorporating their attitudes and opinions in future intervention in the area, may also contribute to the acceptance of the legitimacy of future policy. An interdisciplinary and mixed-method research approach was followed in this study in order to identify possible ways to anchor spatial planning proposals in the identity of the place. In essence, the qualitative study revealed that inhabitants reflect a deep and personal relationship with and within the area, which contributes significantly to their sense of emotional security and selfidentity. Results include a strong conservation-orientated attitude with regard to the natural rural character of the site, especially in the inner core.
Abstract: This paper presents the comparative study of coded
data methods for finding the benefit of concealing the natural data
which is the mercantile secret. Influential parameters of the number
of replicates (rep), treatment effects (τ) and standard deviation (σ)
against the efficiency of each transformation method are investigated.
The experimental data are generated via computer simulations under
the specified condition of the process with the completely
randomized design (CRD). Three ways of data transformation consist
of Box-Cox, arcsine and logit methods. The difference values of F
statistic between coded data and natural data (Fc-Fn) and hypothesis
testing results were determined. The experimental results indicate
that the Box-Cox results are significantly different from natural data
in cases of smaller levels of replicates and seem to be improper when
the parameter of minus lambda has been assigned. On the other hand,
arcsine and logit transformations are more robust and obviously,
provide more precise numerical results. In addition, the alternate
ways to select the lambda in the power transformation are also
offered to achieve much more appropriate outcomes.
Abstract: A key element of many distribution systems is the
routing and scheduling of vehicles servicing a set of customers. A
wide variety of exact and approximate algorithms have been
proposed for solving the vehicle routing problems (VRP). Exact
algorithms can only solve relatively small problems of VRP, which is
classified as NP-Hard. Several approximate algorithms have proven
successful in finding a feasible solution not necessarily optimum.
Although different parts of the problem are stochastic in nature; yet,
limited work relevant to the application of discrete event system
simulation has addressed the problem. Presented here is optimization
using simulation of VRP; where, a simplified problem has been
developed in the ExtendSimTM simulation environment; where,
ExtendSimTM evolutionary optimizer is used to minimize the total
transportation cost of the problem. Results obtained from the model
are very satisfactory. Further complexities of the problem are
proposed for consideration in the future.
Abstract: Aim of this paper is to explore the prospect of a new approach of mobile phone banking in Libya. This study evaluates customer knowledge on commercial mobile banking in Libya. To examine the relationship between age, occupation and intention for using mobile banking for commercial purpose, a survey was conducted to gather information from one hundred Libyan bank clients. The results indicate that Libyan customers have accepted the new technology and they are ready to use it. There is no significant joint relationship between age and occupation found in intention to use mobile banking in Libya. On the other hand, the customers’ knowledge about mobile banking has a greater relationship with the intention. This study has implications for demographic researches and consumer behaviour disciplines. It also has profitable implications for banks and managers in Libya, as it will assist in better understanding of the Libyan consumers and their activities, when they develop their market strategies and new service.
Abstract: The Internet and the ever growing applications enable
communities to share and collaborate through common platforms.
However, this growing pattern is not witnessed yet even for elearning.
This paper is based on a doctoral research which aimed at
researching the ways students interact in an online campus and the
supports that they look for and require. Content analysis, based on the
Panchoo/Jaillet methodology, was done on four synchronous
meetings between a tutor and his ten students. The UNIV-Rct ecampus,
analogical to a physical campus, was found to be user
friendly and the students enrolled in a master-s course faced no
difficulties in using it. In addition to the environmental aspects, the
pedagogical implementation of the course has driven the students to
interact and collaborate significantly and this has contributed to
overcome the problems faced by the distance learners. This
completely online model was found to be fruitful in helping distant
learners fight their loneliness and brave their difficulties in a socioconstructivism
approach.
Abstract: A robust control approach is proposed for a high speed manipulator using a hybrid computed torque control approach in the state space. The high-speed manipulator is driven by permanent magnet dc motors to track a trajectory in the joint space in the presence of disturbances. Tracking problem is analyzed in the state space where the completed models are considered for actuators. The proposed control approach can guarantee the stability and a satisfactory tracking performance. A two-link elbow manipulator driven by electrical actuators is simulated and results are shown to satisfy conditions under technical specifications.
Abstract: Automated production lines with so called 'hard structures' are widely used in manufacturing. Designers segmented these lines into sections by placing a buffer between the series of machine tools to increase productivity. In real production condition the capacity of a buffer system is limited and real production line can compensate only some part of the productivity losses of an automated line. The productivity of such production lines cannot be readily determined. This paper presents mathematical approach to solving the structure of section-based automated production lines by criterion of maximum productivity.
Abstract: An acoustic emission (AE) technique is useful for
detection of partial discharges (PDs) at a joint and a terminal section of
a cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable. For AE technique, it is not
difficult to detect a PD using AE sensors. However, it is difficult to
grasp whether the detected AE signal is owing to a single discharge or
not. Additionally, when an AE technique is applied at a terminal
section of a XLPE cable in salt pollution district, for example, there is
possibility of detection of AE signals owing to creeping discharges on
the surface of electric power apparatus. In this study, we evaluated AE
signals in order to grasp what kind of information we can get from
detected AE signals. The results showed that envelop detection of AE
signal and a period which some AE signals were continuously detected
were good indexes for estimating state-of-discharge.
Abstract: This paper is focusing on designing a control system
for wind turbine which can control the speed and output power
according to arbitrary algorithm. Reference Tracking Method is used
to control the turbine spinning speed in order to increase its output
energy.
Abstract: In this work we present a solution for DAGC (Digital
Automatic Gain Control) in WLAN receivers compatible to IEEE 802.11a/g standard. Those standards define communication in 5/2.4
GHz band using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM modulation scheme. WLAN Transceiver that we have used
enables gain control over Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and a
Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA). The control over those signals is
performed in our digital baseband processor using dedicated hardware block DAGC. DAGC in this process is used to automatically control the VGA and LNA in order to achieve better
signal-to-noise ratio, decrease FER (Frame Error Rate) and hold the
average power of the baseband signal close to the desired set point.
DAGC function in baseband processor is done in few steps: measuring power levels of baseband samples of an RF signal,accumulating the differences between the measured power level and
actual gain setting, adjusting a gain factor of the accumulation, and
applying the adjusted gain factor the baseband values. Based on the measurement results of RSSI signal dependence to input power we have concluded that this digital AGC can be implemented applying
the simple linearization of the RSSI. This solution is very simple but also effective and reduces complexity and power consumption of the
DAGC. This DAGC is implemented and tested both in FPGA and in ASIC as a part of our WLAN baseband processor. Finally, we have integrated this circuit in a compact WLAN PCMCIA board based on MAC and baseband ASIC chips designed from us.
Abstract: This study aims to investigate empirically the valuerelevance
of accounting information to domestic investors in Tehran
stock exchange from 1999 to 2006. During the present research
impacts of two factors, including positive vs. negative earnings and
the firm size are considered as well. The authors used earnings per
share and annual change of earnings per share as the income
statement indices, and book value of equity per share as the balance
sheet index. Return and Price models through regression analysis are
deployed in order to test the research hypothesis. Results depicted
that accounting information is value-relevance to domestic investors
in Tehran Stock Exchange according to both studied models.
However, income statement information has more value-relevance
than the balance sheet information. Furthermore, positive vs. negative
earnings and firm size seems to have significant impact on valuerelevance
of accounting information.
Abstract: As is needless to say; a majority of accidents, which occur, are due to drunk driving. As such, there is no effective mechanism to prevent this. Here we have designed an integrated system for the same purpose. Alcohol content in the driver-s body is detected by means of an infrared breath analyzer placed at the steering wheel. An infrared cell directs infrared energy through the sample and any unabsorbed energy at the other side is detected. The higher the concentration of ethanol, the more infrared absorption occurs (in much the same way that a sunglass lens absorbs visible light, alcohol absorbs infrared light). Thus the alcohol level of the driver is continuously monitored and calibrated on a scale. When it exceeds a particular limit the fuel supply is cutoff. If the device is removed also, the fuel supply will be automatically cut off or an alarm is sounded depending upon the requirement. This does not happen abruptly and special indicators are fixed at the back to avoid inconvenience to other drivers using the highway signals. Frame work for integration of sensors and control module in a scalable multi-agent system is provided .A SMS which contains the current GPS location of the vehicle is sent via a GSM module to the police control room to alert the police. The system is foolproof and the driver cannot tamper with it easily. Thus it provides an effective and cost effective solution for the problem of drunk driving in vehicles.