Abstract: This paper presents a tested research concept that
implements a complex evolutionary algorithm, genetic algorithm
(GA), in a multi-microcontroller environment. Parallel Distributed
Genetic Algorithm (PDGA) is employed in adaptive beam forming
technique to reduce power usage of adaptive antenna at WCDMA
base station. Adaptive antenna has dynamic beam that requires more
advanced beam forming algorithm such as genetic algorithm which
requires heavy computation and memory space. Microcontrollers are
low resource platforms that are normally not associated with GAs,
which are typically resource intensive. The aim of this project was to
design a cooperative multiprocessor system by expanding the role of
small scale PIC microcontrollers to optimize WCDMA base station
transmitter power. Implementation results have shown that PDGA
multi-microcontroller system returned optimal transmitted power
compared to conventional GA.
Abstract: Aluminum alloy sheets have several advantages such
as the lightweight, high-specific strength and recycling efficiency.
Therefore, aluminum alloy sheets in sheet forming have been used in various areas as automotive components and so forth. During the
process of sheet forming, wrinkling which is caused by compression stress might occur and the formability of sheets was affected by
occurrence of wrinkling. A few studies of uniaxial compressive test by
using square tubes, pipes and sheets were carried out to clarify the each wrinkling behavior. However, on uniaxial compressive test,
deformation behavior of the sheets hasn-t be cleared. Then, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the buckling behavior
and the forming conditions. In this study, the effect of dimension of the sheet in the buckling behavior on compression test of aluminum alloy sheet was cleared by experiment and FEA. As the results, the buckling
deformation was classified by three modes in terms of the distribution of equivalent plastic strain.
Abstract: The demand on High voltage (HV) infrastructures is growing due to the corresponding growth in industries and population. Many areas are being developed and therefore require additional electrical power to comply with the demand. Substation upgrade is one of the rapid solutions to ensure the continuous supply of power to customers. This upgrade requires civil modifications to structures and fences. The civil work requires excavation and steel works that may create unsafe touch conditions. This paper presents a brief theoretical overview of the touch voltage inside and around substations and uses CDEGS software to simulate a case study.
Abstract: The third generation (3G) of cellular system adopted
the spread spectrum as solution for the transmission of the data in the
physical layer. Contrary to systems IS-95 or CDMAOne (systems
with spread spectrum of the preceding generation), the new standard,
called Universal Mobil Telecommunications System (UMTS), uses
long codes in the down link. The system is conceived for the vocal
communication and the transmission of the data. In particular, the
down link is very important, because of the asymmetrical request of
the data, i.e., more remote loading towards the mobiles than towards
the basic station. Moreover, the UMTS uses for the down link an
orthogonal spreading out with a variable factor of spreading out
(OVSF for Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor). This
characteristic makes it possible to increase the flow of data of one or
more users by reducing their factor of spreading out without
changing the factor of spreading out of other users. In the current
standard of the UMTS, two techniques to increase the performances
of the down link were proposed, the diversity of sending antenna and
the codes space-time. These two techniques fight only fainding. The
receiver proposed for the mobil station is the RAKE, but one can
imagine a receiver more sophisticated, able to reduce the interference
between users and the impact of the coloured noise and interferences
to narrow band. In this context, where the users have long codes
synchronized with variable factor of spreading out and ignorance by
the mobile of the other active codes/users, the use of the sequences of
code pseudo-noises different lengths is presented in the form of one
of the most appropriate solutions.
Abstract: Multiprocessor task scheduling is a NP-hard problem and Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been revealed as an excellent technique for finding an optimal solution. In the past, several methods have been considered for the solution of this problem based on GAs. But, all these methods consider single criteria and in the present work, minimization of the bi-criteria multiprocessor task scheduling problem has been considered which includes weighted sum of makespan & total completion time. Efficiency and effectiveness of genetic algorithm can be achieved by optimization of its different parameters such as crossover, mutation, crossover probability, selection function etc. The effects of GA parameters on minimization of bi-criteria fitness function and subsequent setting of parameters have been accomplished by central composite design (CCD) approach of response surface methodology (RSM) of Design of Experiments. The experiments have been performed with different levels of GA parameters and analysis of variance has been performed for significant parameters for minimisation of makespan and total completion time simultaneously.
Abstract: In this paper, Selective Adaptive Parallel Interference Cancellation (SA-PIC) technique is presented for Multicarrier Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (MC DS-CDMA) scheme. The motivation of using SA-PIC is that it gives high performance and at the same time, reduces the computational complexity required to perform interference cancellation. An upper bound expression of the bit error rate (BER) for the SA-PIC under Rayleigh fading channel condition is derived. Moreover, the implementation complexities for SA-PIC and Adaptive Parallel Interference Cancellation (APIC) are discussed and compared. The performance of SA-PIC is investigated analytically and validated via computer simulations.
Abstract: Two freshwater fishes, Rasbora sumatrana
(Cyprinidae) and Poecilia reticulata (guppy) (Poeciliidae) were
exposed for a four-day period in the laboratory condition to a range
of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Mortality was
assessed and median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated.
LC50 increased with decrease in mean exposure times for both metals.
For R. sumatrana, LC50s for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for Cu were
54.2, 30.3, 18.9 and 5.6 μg/L and for Cd 1440.2, 459.3, 392.3 and
101.6 μg/L respectively. For P. reticulata, LC50s for 24, 48, 72 and
96 hours for Cu were 348.9, 145.4, 61.3 and 37.9 μg/L and for Cd
8205.6, 2827.1, 405.8 and 168.1 μg/L, respectively. Results indicated
that the Cu was more toxic than Cd to both fishes (Cu>Cd) and R.
sumatrana was more sensitive than P. reticulata to the metals.
Abstract: Connected dominating set (CDS) problem in unit disk
graph has signi£cant impact on an ef£cient design of routing protocols
in wireless sensor networks, where the searching space for a
route is reduced to nodes in the set. A set is dominating if all the
nodes in the system are either in the set or neighbors of nodes in the
set. In this paper, a simple and ef£cient heuristic method is proposed
for £nding a minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) in ad hoc
wireless networks based on the new parameter support of vertices.
With this parameter the proposed heuristic approach effectively
£nds the MCDS of a graph. Extensive computational experiments
show that the proposed approach outperforms the recently proposed
heuristics found in the literature for the MCD
Abstract: Multicarrier code-division multiple-access is one of the
effective techniques to gain its multiple access capability, robustness
against fading, and to mitigate the ISI. In this paper, we propose an
improved mulcarrier CDMA system with adaptive subchannel
allocation. We analyzed the performance of our proposed system in
frequency selective fading environment with narrowband interference
existing and compared it with that of parallel transmission over many
subchannels (namely, conventional MC-CDMA scheme) and
DS-CDMA system. Simulation results show that adaptive subchannel
allocation scheme, when used in conventional multicarrier CDMA
system, the performance will be greatly improved.
Abstract: This article presents new current-mode oscillator circuits using CDTAs which is designed from block diagram. The proposed circuits consist of two CDTAs and two grounded capacitors. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation can be adjusted by electronic method. The circuits have high output impedance and use only grounded capacitors without any external resistor which is very appropriate to future development into an integrated circuit. The results of PSPICE simulation program are corresponding to the theoretical analysis.
Abstract: The effect of chemical treatment in CdCl2 and thermal
annealing in 400°C, on the defect structures of potentially useful
ZnS\CdS solar cell thin films deposited onto quartz substrate and
prepared by vacuum deposition method was studied using the
Thermoluminesence (TL) techniques. A series of electron and hole
traps are found in the various deposited samples studied. After
annealing, however, it was observed that the intensity and activation
energy of TL signal increases with loss of the low temperature
electron traps.
Abstract: A one-step conservative level set method, combined with a global mass correction method, is developed in this study to simulate the incompressible two-phase flows. The present framework do not need to solve the conservative level set scheme at two separated steps, and the global mass can be exactly conserved. The present method is then more efficient than two-step conservative level set scheme. The dispersion-relation-preserving schemes are utilized for the advection terms. The pressure Poisson equation solver is applied to GPU computation using the pCDR library developed by National Center for High-Performance Computing, Taiwan. The SMP parallelization is used to accelerate the rest of calculations. Three benchmark problems were done for the performance evaluation. Good agreements with the referenced solutions are demonstrated for all the investigated problems.
Abstract: This paper examines two policy spaces–the ARC and TVA–and their spatialized politics. The research observes that the regional concept informs public policy and can contribute to the formation of stable policy initiatives. Using the subsystem framework to understand the political viability of policy regimes, the authors conclude policy geographies that appeal to traditional definitions of regions are more stable over time. In contrast, geographies that fail to reflect pre-existing representations of space are engaged in more competitive subsystem politics. The paper demonstrates that the spatial practices of policy regions and their directional politics influence the political viability of programs. The paper concludes that policy spaces should institutionalize pre-existing geographies–not manufacture new ones.
Abstract: Considering toxicity of heavy metals and their
accumulation in domestic wastes, immobilization of lead and
cadmium is envisaged inside glass-ceramics. We particularly
focused this work on calcium-rich phases embedded in a
glassy matrix.
Glass-ceramics were synthesized from glasses doped with
12 wt% and 16 wt% of PbO or CdO. They were observed and
analyzed by Electron MicroProbe Analysis (EMPA) and
Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy (ASEM). Structural
characterization of the samples was performed by powder XRay
Diffraction.
Diopside crystals of CaMgSi2O6 composition are shown to
incorporate significant amounts of cadmium (up to 9 wt% of
CdO). Two new crystalline phases are observed with very
high Cd or Pb contents: about 40 wt% CdO for the cadmiumrich
phase and near 60 wt% PbO for the lead-rich phase. We
present complete chemical and structural characterization of
these phases. They represent a promising way for the
immobilization of toxic elements like Cd or Pb since glass
ceramics are known to propose a “double barrier" protection
(metal-rich crystals embedded in a glass matrix) against metal
release in the environment.
Abstract: Chemical industry project management involves
complex decision making situations that require discerning abilities
and methods to make sound decisions. Project managers are faced
with decision environments and problems in projects that are
complex. In this work, case study is Research and Development
(R&D) project selection. R&D is an ongoing process for forward
thinking technology-based chemical industries. R&D project
selection is an important task for organizations with R&D project
management. It is a multi-criteria problem which includes both
tangible and intangible factors. The ability to make sound decisions
is very important to success of R&D projects. Multiple-criteria
decision making (MCDM) approaches are major parts of decision
theory and analysis. This paper presents all of MCDM approaches
for use in R&D project selection. It is hoped that this work will
provide a ready reference on MCDM and this will encourage the
application of the MCDM by chemical engineering management.
Abstract: The new concept of two–dimensional (2D) image
processing implementation for auto-guiding system is shown in this
paper. It is dedicated to astrophotography and operates with
astronomy CCD guide cameras or with self-guided dual-detector
CCD cameras and ST4 compatible equatorial mounts. This idea was
verified by MATLAB model, which was used to test all procedures
and data conversions. Next the circuit prototype was implemented at
Altera MAX II CPLD device and tested for real astronomical object
images. The digital processing speed of CPLD prototype board was
sufficient for correct equatorial mount guiding in real-time system.
Abstract: Despite of many scholars and practitioners recognize
the knowledge management implementation in an organizations but
insufficient attention has been paid by researchers to select suitable
knowledge portal system (KPS) selection. This study develops a
Multi Criteria Decision making model based on the fuzzy VIKOR
approach to help organizations in selecting KPS. The suitable portal
is the critical influential factors on the success of knowledge
management (KM) implementation in an organization.
Abstract: In this paper, the effect of atmospheric turbulence on
bit error probability in free-space optical CDMA scheme with
Sequence Inverse Keyed (SIK) optical correlator receiver is analyzed.
Here Intensity Modulation scheme is considered for transmission.
The turbulence induced fading is described by the newly introduced
gamma-gamma pdf[1] as a tractable mathematical model for
atmospheric turbulence. Results are evaluated with Gold and Kasami
code & it is shown that Gold sequence can be used for more
efficient transmission than Kasami sequence in an atmospheric
turbulence channel.
Abstract: Trust management and Reputation models are
becoming integral part of Internet based applications such as CSCW,
E-commerce and Grid Computing. Also the trust dimension is a
significant social structure and key to social relations within a
collaborative community. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is
a difficult task in the context of distributed environment (information
across different geographical locations) and multidisciplinary
decisions are involved such as Virtual Organization (VO). To aid
team decision making in VO, Decision Support System and social
network analysis approaches are integrated. In such situations social
learning helps an organization in terms of relationship, team
formation, partner selection etc. In this paper we focus on trust
learning. Trust learning is an important activity in terms of
information exchange, negotiation, collaboration and trust
assessment for cooperation among virtual team members. In this
paper we have proposed a reinforcement learning which enhances the
trust decision making capability of interacting agents during
collaboration in problem solving activity. Trust computational model
with learning that we present is adapted for best alternate selection of
new project in the organization. We verify our model in a multi-agent
simulation where the agents in the community learn to identify
trustworthy members, inconsistent behavior and conflicting behavior
of agents.
Abstract: This paper investigates the development of weld zone
in Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) which focuses on weld nugget and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). The effects of four factors namely
weld current, weld time, electrode force and hold time were studied using a general 24 factorial design augmented by five centre points. The results of the analysis showed that all selected factors except
hold time exhibit significant effect on weld nugget radius and HAZ size. Optimization of the welding parameters (weld current, weld
time and electrode force) to normalize weld nugget and to minimize
HAZ size was then conducted using Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the optimum
parameters were determined. A regression model for radius of weld nugget and HAZ size was developed and its adequacy was evaluated.
The experimental results obtained under optimum operating conditions were then compared with the predicted values and were
found to agree satisfactorily with each other