Abstract: Breast Cancer is one of the most considerable diseases in the United States and other countries and is the second leading cause of death in women. Common breast cancer treatments would lead to adverse side effects such as loss of hair, nausea, and weakness. These complications arise because these cancer treatments damage some healthy cells while eliminating the cancer cells. In an effort to address these complications, laser radiation was utilized and tested as a targeted cancer treatment for breast cancer. In this regard, tissue engineering approaches are being employed by using an electrospun scaffold in order to facilitate the growth of breast cancer cells. Polycaprolacton (PCL) was used as a material for scaffold fabricating because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and supporting cell growth. The specific breast cancer cells have the ability to create a three-dimensional cell cluster due to the spontaneous accumulation of cells in the porosity of the scaffold under some specific conditions. Therefore, we are looking for a higher density of porosity and larger pore size. Fibers showed uniform diameter distribution and final scaffold had optimum characteristics with approximately 40% porosity. The images were taken by SEM and the density and the size of the porosity were determined with the Image. After scaffold preparation, it has cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. Then, it has been washed with glycine and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in order to neutralize the residual glutaraldehyde. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor (MTT) results have represented approximately 91.13% viability of the scaffolds for cancer cells. In order to create a cluster, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7, breast cancer cell line) and Michigan Cancer Foundation-10A (MCF-10A, human mammary epithelial cell line) cells were cultured on the scaffold in 24 well plate for five days. Then, we have exposed the cluster to the laser diode 808 nm radiation to investigate the effect of laser on the tumor with different power and time. Under the same conditions, cancer cells lost their viability more than the healthy ones. In conclusion, laser therapy is a viable method to destroy the target cells and has a minimum effect on the healthy tissues and cells and it can improve the other method of cancer treatments limitations.
Abstract: This research has been conducted to study the method
of culture and comparing growth and biomass of Gracilaria corticata
cultured on rope and net for 50 days through two treatments (first
treatment: culture of alga on net and the second treatment: culture of
alga on rope and each treatment was repeated by four cases). During
culture period, the water of aquariums was replaced once every two
days for 40-50%. Also, 0.3-0.5 grams of urea fertilizer was added to
the culture environment for fertilization. Moreover, some of the
environmental factors such as pH, salinity and temperature of the
environment were measured on a daily basis. During the culture
period, extent of longitudinal growth of the species of both treatments
was equal. The said length was reached from 8-10 cm to 10.5-13 cm
accordingly. The resulted weight in repetitions of the first treatment
was higher than that of the second treatment in such a way as in the
first treatment, its weight reached from 10 grams to 21.119 grams and
in the second treatment, its weight reached from 10 grams to 17.663
grams. On a whole, it may be stated that that kind of alga being
studied has a considerable growth with respect to its volume. The
results have revealed that the percentage of daily growth and wet
weight at the end of the first treatment was higher than that of the
second treatment and it was registered as 0.934, 6.072 and 811.432 in
the first treatment and 0.797, 4.990 and 758.071 in the second
treatment respectively. This difference is significant (P
Abstract: In this paper, effect of marginal quality groundwater
on yield of cotton crop and soil salinity was studied. In this
connection, three irrigation treatments each with four replications
were applied. These treatments were i) use of canal water (T1), ii) use
of marginal quality groundwater from tubewell (T2), and iii)
conjunctive use by mixing with the ratio of 1:1 of canal water and
marginal quality tubewell water (T3).
Water was applied to the crop cultivated in Kharif season 2011; its
quantity has been measured using cut-throat flume. Total 11 watering
each of 50 mm depth have been applied from 20th April to 20th July,
2011. Further, irrigations were stopped due to monsoon rainfall up to
crop harvesting.
Maximum crop yield (seed cotton) was observed under T1 which
was 1,517 kg/ha followed by T3 (mixed canal and tubewell water)
having 1009 kg/ha and T2 i.e. marginal quality groundwater having
709 kg/ha. This concludes that crop yield in T2 and T3 in comparison
to T1was reduced by about 53 and 30% respectively.
It has been observed that yield of cotton crop is below potential
limit for three treatments due to unexpected rainfall at the time of full
flowering season; thus the yield was adversely affected.
However, salt deposition in soil profiles was not observed that is
due to leaching effect of heavy rainfall occurred during monsoon
season.
Abstract: Power transformers are among the most important and
expensive equipments in the electric power systems. Consequently
the transformer protection is an essential part of the system
protection. This paper presents a new method for locating
transformer winding faults such as turn-to-turn, turn-to-core, turn-totransformer
body, turn-to-earth, and high voltage winding to low
voltage winding. In this study the current and voltage signals of input
and output terminals of the transformer are measured, which the
Fourier transform of measured signals and harmonic analysis
determine the fault's location.
Abstract: In order to study the effect of phosphate solubilization
microorganisms (PSM) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPR) on yield and yield components of corn Zea mays (L. cv.
SC604) an experiment was conducted at research farm of Sari
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran during
2007. Experiment laid out as split plot based on randomized
complete block design with three replications. Three levels of
manures (consisted of 20 Mg.ha-1 farmyard manure, 15 Mg.ha-1 green
manure and check or without any manures) as main plots and eight
levels of biofertilizers (consisted of 1-NPK or conventional fertilizer
application; 2-NPK+PSM+PGPR; 3 NP50%K+PSM+PGPR; 4-
N50%PK+PSM +PGPR; 5-N50%P50%K+PSM+ PGPR; 6-PK+PGPR; 7-
NK+PSM and 8-PSM+PGPR) as sub plots were treatments. Results
showed that farmyard manure application increased row number, ear
weight, grain number per ear, grain yield, biological yield and
harvest index compared to check. Furthermore, using of PSM and
PGPR in addition to conventional fertilizer applications (NPK) could
improve ear weight, row number and grain number per row and
ultimately increased grain yield in green manure and check plots.
According to results in all fertilizer treatments application of PSM
and PGPR together could reduce P application by 50% without any
significant reduction of grain yield. However, this treatment could
not compensate 50% reduction of N application.
Abstract: Today, advantage of biotechnology especially in environmental issues compared to other technologies is irrefragable. Kimia Gharb Gostar Industries Company, as a largest producer of citric acid in Middle East, applies biotechnology for this goal. Citrogypsum is a by–product of citric acid production and it considered as a valid residuum of this company. At this paper summary of acid citric production and condition of Citrogypsum production in company were introduced in addition to defmition of Citrogypsum production and its applications in world. According to these information and evaluation of present conditions about Iran needing to Citrogypsum, the best priority was introduced and emphasized on strategy selection and proper programming for self-sufficiency. The Delphi technique was used to elicit expert opinions about criteria for evaluating the usages. The criteria identified by the experts were profitability, capacity of production, the degree of investment, marketable, production ease and time production. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (ARP) and Expert Choice software were used to compare the alternatives on the criteria derived from the Delphi process.
Abstract: Raisin Concentrate (RC) are the most important
products obtained in the raisin processing industries. These RC
products are now used to make the syrups, drinks and confectionery
productions and introduced as natural substitute for sugar in food
applications. Iran is a one of the biggest raisin exporter in the world
but unfortunately despite a good raw material, no serious effort to
extract the RC has been taken in Iran. Therefore, in this paper, we
determined and analyzed affected parameters on extracting RC
process and then optimizing these parameters for design the
extracting RC process in two types of raisin (round and long)
produced in Khorasan region. Two levels of solvent (1:1 and 2:1),
three levels of extraction temperature (60°C, 70°C and 80°C), and
three levels of concentration temperature (50°C, 60°C and 70°C)
were the treatments. Finally physicochemical characteristics of the
obtained concentrate such as color, viscosity, percentage of reduction
sugar, acidity and the microbial tests (mould and yeast) were
counted. The analysis was performed on the basis of factorial in the
form of completely randomized design (CRD) and Duncan's multiple
range test (DMRT) was used for the comparison of the means.
Statistical analysis of results showed that optimal conditions for
production of concentrate is round raisins when the solvent ratio was
2:1 with extraction temperature of 60°C and then concentration
temperature of 50°C. Round raisin is cheaper than the long one, and
it is more economical to concentrate production. Furthermore, round
raisin has more aromas and the less color degree with increasing the
temperature of concentration and extraction. Finally, according to
mentioned factors the concentrate of round raisin is recommended.
Abstract: This report focus on phase behavior of polyethylene glycol (PEG)4000/ phosphate/ guanidine hydrochloride/ water system at different guanidine hydrochloride concentrations and pH. The binodal of the systems was displaced toward higher concentrations of the components with increasing guanidine hydrochloride concentrations. The partition coefficient of guanidine hydrochloride was near unity and increased with decreasing pH and increasing PEG/salt (%w/w) ratio.
Abstract: Chemical industry project management involves
complex decision making situations that require discerning abilities
and methods to make sound decisions. Project managers are faced
with decision environments and problems in projects that are
complex. In this work, case study is Research and Development
(R&D) project selection. R&D is an ongoing process for forward
thinking technology-based chemical industries. R&D project
selection is an important task for organizations with R&D project
management. It is a multi-criteria problem which includes both
tangible and intangible factors. The ability to make sound decisions
is very important to success of R&D projects. Multiple-criteria
decision making (MCDM) approaches are major parts of decision
theory and analysis. This paper presents all of MCDM approaches
for use in R&D project selection. It is hoped that this work will
provide a ready reference on MCDM and this will encourage the
application of the MCDM by chemical engineering management.
Abstract: The high temperature degree and uniform
Temperature Distribution (TD) on surface of cookware which contact
with food are effective factors for improving cookware application.
Additionally, the ability of pan material in retaining the heat and nonreactivity
with foods are other significant properties. It is difficult for
single material to meet a wide variety of demands such as superior
thermal and chemical properties. Multi-Layer Plate (MLP) makes
more regular TD. In this study the main objectives are to find the best
structure (single or multi-layer) and materials to provide maximum
temperature degree and uniform TD up side surface of pan. And also
heat retaining of used metals with goal of improving the thermal
quality of pan to economize the energy. To achieve this aim were
employed Finite Element Method (FEM) for analyzing transient
thermal behavior of applied materials. The analysis has been
extended for different metals, we achieved the best temperature
profile and heat retaining in Copper/ Stainless Steel MLP.