Abstract: Human always tried to create a suitable situation for their life according to environmental conditions. In fact, geography has an important role in the shape of our living area. Iran also as a four-season country has different climate type: hot and humid, hot and dry, mid and humid, and cold; therefore, we can find different architecture styles in Iran. Gilan-s traditional architecture is a suitable sample of sustainable construction in Iran. Because the main factors of every dwelling are the climatic, social, economic and cultural effects which demonstrate the interaction between environment and people settlement. This paper was determined the interaction between environmental factors and the rural dwellings in the Gilan province. Also, traditional village (city) of Masouleh as a rare sample of rural and sustainable architecture was introduced.
Abstract: This paper presents the stabilization potential of Class
F pond ash (PA) from a coal fired thermal power station on tropical
peat soil. Peat or highly organic soils are well known for their high
compressibility, natural moisture content, low shear strength and
long-term settlement. This study investigates the effect of different
amount (i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of PA on peat soil, collected from
Sarawak, Malaysia, mainly compaction and unconfined compressive
strength (UCS) properties. The amounts of PA added to the peat soil
sample as percentage of the dry peat soil mass. With the increase in
PA content, the maximum dry density (MDD) of peat soil increases,
while the optimum moisture content (OMC) decreases. The UCS
value of the peat soils increases significantly with the increase of PA
content and also with curing periods. This improvement on
compressive strength of tropical peat soils indicates that PA has the
potential to be used as a stabilizer for tropical peat soil. Also, the use
of PA in soil stabilization helps in reducing the pond volume and
achieving environment friendly as well as a sustainable development
of natural resources.
Abstract: Limited infrastructure development on peats and
organic soils is a serious geotechnical issues common to many
countries of the world especially Malaysia which distributed 1.5 mill
ha of those problematic soil. These soils have high water content and
organic content which exhibit different mechanical properties and
may also change chemically and biologically with time. Constructing
structures on peaty ground involves the risk of ground failure and
extreme settlement. Nowdays, much efforts need to be done in
making peatlands usable for construction due to increased landuse.
Deep mixing method employing cement as binders, is generally used
as measure again peaty/ organic ground failure problem. Where the
technique is widely adopted because it can improved ground
considerably in a short period of time. An understanding of
geotechnical properties as shear strength, stiffness and compressibility
behavior of these soils was requires before continues construction on
it. Therefore, 1- 1.5 meter peat soil sample from states of Johor and
an organic soil from Melaka, Malaysia were investigated. Cement
were added to the soil in the pre-mixing stage with water cement ratio
at range 3.5,7,14,140 for peats and 5,10,30 for organic soils,
essentially to modify the original soil textures and properties. The
mixtures which in slurry form will pour to polyvinyl chloride (pvc)
tube and cured at room temperature 250C for 7,14 and 28 days.
Laboratory experiments were conducted including unconfined
compressive strength and bender element , to monitor the improved
strength and stiffness of the 'stabilised mixed soils'. In between,
scanning electron miscroscopic (SEM) were observations to
investigate changes in microstructures of stabilised soils and to
evaluated hardening effect of a peat and organic soils stabilised
cement. This preliminary effort indicated that pre-mixing peat and
organic soils contributes in gaining soil strength while help the
engineers to establish a new method for those problematic ground
improvement in further practical and long term applications.
Abstract: In the traditional architecture, buildings were designed
to achieve human comfort by using locally available building materials and construction technology which were more responsive to
their climatic and geographic condition. This paper will try to bring out the wisdom of the local masons and builders, often the inhabitants
themselves, about their way of living, and shaping their built environment, indoor and outdoor spaces, as a response to the local
climatic conditions, from the findings of a field
settlement.
Abstract: Foundation of tower crane serves to ensure stability
against vertical and horizontal forces. If foundation stress is not
sufficient, tower crane may be subject to overturning, shearing or
foundation settlement. Therefore, engineering review of stable support
is a highly critical part of foundation design. However, there are not
many professionals who can conduct engineering review of tower
crane foundation and, if any, they have information only on a small
number of cranes in which they have hands-on experience. It is also
customary to rely on empirical knowledge and tower crane renter-s
recommendations rather than designing foundation on the basis of
engineering knowledge. Therefore, a foundation design automation
system considering not only lifting conditions but also overturning
risk, shearing and vertical force may facilitate production of foolproof
foundation design for experts and enable even non-experts to utilize
professional knowledge that only experts can access now. This study
proposes Automatic Design Algorithm for the Tower Crane
Foundations considering load and horizontal force.