Abstract: Advancement in Artificial Intelligence has lead to the
developments of various “smart" devices. Character recognition
device is one of such smart devices that acquire partial human
intelligence with the ability to capture and recognize various
characters in different languages. Firstly multiscale neural training
with modifications in the input training vectors is adopted in this
paper to acquire its advantage in training higher resolution character
images. Secondly selective thresholding using minimum distance
technique is proposed to be used to increase the level of accuracy of
character recognition. A simulator program (a GUI) is designed in
such a way that the characters can be located on any spot on the
blank paper in which the characters are written. The results show that
such methods with moderate level of training epochs can produce
accuracies of at least 85% and more for handwritten upper case
English characters and numerals.
Abstract: Collaborative working environments for distance
education can be considered as a more generic form of contemporary
remote labs. At present, the majority of existing real laboratories are
not constructed to allow the involved participants to collaborate in
real time. To make this revolutionary learning environment possible
we must allow the different users to carry out an experiment
simultaneously. In recent times, multi-user environments are
successfully applied in many applications such as air traffic control
systems, team-oriented military systems, chat-text tools, multi-player
games etc. Thus, understanding the ideas and techniques behind these
systems could be of great importance in the contribution of ideas to
our e-learning environment for collaborative working. In this
investigation, collaborative working environments from theoretical
and practical perspectives are considered in order to build an
effective collaborative real laboratory, which allows two students or
more to conduct remote experiments at the same time as a team. In
order to achieve this goal, we have implemented distributed system
architecture, enabling students to obtain an automated help by either
a human tutor or a rule-based e-tutor.
Abstract: We present our ongoing work on the development
of a new quadrotor aerial vehicle which has a tilt-wing
mechanism. The vehicle is capable of take-off/landing in vertical flight mode (VTOL) and flying over long distances in horizontal flight mode. Full dynamic model of the vehicle is derived using
Newton-Euler formulation. Linear and nonlinear controllers for
the stabilization of attitude of the vehicle and control of its
altitude have been designed and implemented via simulations. In particular, an LQR controller has been shown to be quite
effective in the vertical flight mode for all possible yaw angles. A sliding mode controller (SMC) with recursive nature has also
been proposed to stabilize the vehicle-s attitude and altitude. Simulation results show that proposed controllers provide
satisfactory performance in achieving desired maneuvers.
Abstract: When cars are released from the factory, strut noises are very small and therefore it is difficult to perceive them. As the use time and travel distance increase, however, strut noises get larger so as to cause users much uneasiness. The noises generated at the field include engine noises and flow noises and therefore it is difficult to clearly discern the noises generated from struts. This study developed a test method which can reproduce field strut noises in the lab. Using the newly developed noise evaluation test, this study analyzed the effects that insulator performance degradation and failure can have on car noises. The study also confirmed that the insulator durability test by the simple back-and-forth motion cannot completely reflect the state of the parts failure in the field. Based on this, the study also confirmed that field noises can be reproduced through a durability test that considers heat aging.
Abstract: Quality of Service (QoS) Routing aims to find path between source and destination satisfying the QoS requirements which efficiently using the network resources and underlying routing algorithm and to fmd low-cost paths that satisfy given QoS constraints. One of the key issues in providing end-to-end QoS guarantees in packet networks is determining feasible path that satisfies a number of QoS constraints. We present a Optimized Multi- Constrained Routing (OMCR) algorithm for the computation of constrained paths for QoS routing in computer networks. OMCR applies distance vector to construct a shortest path for each destination with reference to a given optimization metric, from which a set of feasible paths are derived at each node. OMCR is able to fmd feasible paths as well as optimize the utilization of network resources. OMCR operates with the hop-by-hop, connectionless routing model in IP Internet and does not create any loops while fmding the feasible paths. Nodes running OMCR not necessarily maintaining global view of network state such as topology, resource information and routing updates are sent only to neighboring nodes whereas its counterpart link-state routing method depend on complete network state for constrained path computation and that incurs excessive communication overhead.
Abstract: Feature selection study is gaining importance due to its contribution to save classification cost in terms of time and computation load. In search of essential features, one of the methods to search the features is via the decision tree. Decision tree act as an intermediate feature space inducer in order to choose essential features. In decision tree-based feature selection, some studies used decision tree as a feature ranker with a direct threshold measure, while others remain the decision tree but utilized pruning condition that act as a threshold mechanism to choose features. This paper proposed threshold measure using Manhattan Hierarchical Cluster distance to be utilized in feature ranking in order to choose relevant features as part of the feature selection process. The result is promising, and this method can be improved in the future by including test cases of a higher number of attributes.
Abstract: The proper assessment of interaxial distance and
convergence control are important factors in stereoscopic imaging
technology to make an efficient 3D image. To control interaxial
distance and convergence for efficient 3D shooting, horizontal 3D
camera rig is designed using some hardware components like 'LM
Guide', 'Goniometer' and 'Rotation Stage'. The horizontal 3D camera
rig system can be properly aligned by moving the two cameras
horizontally in same or opposite directions, by adjusting the camera
angle and finally considering horizontal swing as well as vertical
swing. In this paper, the relationship between interaxial distance and
convergence angle control are discussed and intensive experiments are
performed in order to demonstrate an easy and effective 3D shooting.
Abstract: It is necessary to incorporate technological advances
achieved in the field of engineering into dentistry in order to enhance
the process of diagnosis, treatment planning and enable the doctors to
render better treatment to their patients. To achieve this ultimate goal
long distance collaborations are often necessary. This paper discusses
the various collaborative tools and their applications to solve a few
burning problems confronted by the dentists. Customization is often
the solution to most of the problems. But rapid designing,
development and cost effective manufacturing is a difficult task to
achieve. This problem can be solved using the technique of digital
manufacturing. Cases from 6 major branches of dentistry have been
discussed and possible solutions with the help of state of art
technology using rapid digital manufacturing have been proposed in
the present paper. The paper also entails the usage of existing tools in
collaborative and digital manufacturing area.
Abstract: During the past decade, pond aeration systems have
been developed which will sustain large quantities of fish and
invertebrate biomass. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is considered to be
among the most important water quality parameters in fish culture.
Fishponds in aquaculture farms are usually located in remote areas
where grid lines are at far distance. Aeration of ponds is required to
prevent mortality and to intensify production, especially when
feeding is practical, and in warm regions. To increase pond
production it is necessary to control dissolved oxygen. Artificial
intelligence (AI) techniques are becoming useful as alternate
approaches to conventional techniques or as components of
integrated systems. They have been used to solve complicated
practical problems in various areas and are becoming more and more
popular nowadays. This paper presents a new design of diffused
aeration system using fuel cell as a power source. Also fuzzy logic
control Technique (FLC) is used for controlling the speed of air flow
rate from the blower to air piping connected to the pond by adjusting
blower speed. MATLAB SIMULINK results show high performance
of fuzzy logic control (FLC).
Abstract: For the characterization of the weld defect region in the radiographic image, looking for features which are invariant regarding the geometrical transformations (rotation, translation and scaling) proves to be necessary because the same defect can be seen from several angles according to the orientation and the distance from the welded framework to the radiation source. Thus, panoply of geometrical attributes satisfying the above conditions is proposed and which result from the calculation of the geometrical parameters (surface, perimeter, etc.) on the one hand and the calculation of the different order moments, on the other hand. Because the large range in values of the raw features and taking into account other considerations imposed by some classifiers, the scaling of these values to lie between 0 and 1 is indispensable. The principal component analysis technique is used in order to reduce the number of the attribute variables in the aim to give better performance to the further defect classification.
Abstract: In this study, the use of silicon NAM (Non-Audible
Murmur) microphone in automatic speech recognition is presented.
NAM microphones are special acoustic sensors, which are attached
behind the talker-s ear and can capture not only normal (audible)
speech, but also very quietly uttered speech (non-audible murmur).
As a result, NAM microphones can be applied in automatic speech
recognition systems when privacy is desired in human-machine communication.
Moreover, NAM microphones show robustness against
noise and they might be used in special systems (speech recognition,
speech conversion etc.) for sound-impaired people. Using a small
amount of training data and adaptation approaches, 93.9% word
accuracy was achieved for a 20k Japanese vocabulary dictation
task. Non-audible murmur recognition in noisy environments is also
investigated. In this study, further analysis of the NAM speech has
been made using distance measures between hidden Markov model
(HMM) pairs. It has been shown the reduced spectral space of NAM
speech using a metric distance, however the location of the different
phonemes of NAM are similar to the location of the phonemes
of normal speech, and the NAM sounds are well discriminated.
Promising results in using nonlinear features are also introduced,
especially under noisy conditions.
Abstract: Composite steel shear wall is a lateral load resisting system which consists of a steel plate with concrete wall attached to one or both sides to prevent it from elastic buckling. The composite behavior is ensured by utilizing high-strength bolts. This paper investigates the effect of distance between bolts, and for this purpose 14 one-story one-bay specimens with various bolts spacing were modeled by finite element code which is developed by the authors. To verify the model, numerical results were compared with a valid experiment which illustrate proper agreement. Results depict increasing the distance between bolts would improve the seismic ever, this increase must be limited, because of large distances will cause widespread buckling of the steel plate in free subpanels between bolts and would result in no improvement. By comparing the results in elastic region, it was observed initial stiffness is not affected by changing the distance.
Abstract: Numerous divergence measures (spectral distance, cepstral
distance, difference of the cepstral coefficients, Kullback-Leibler
divergence, distance given by the General Likelihood Ratio, distance
defined by the Recursive Bayesian Changepoint Detector and the
Mahalanobis measure) are compared in this study. The measures are
used for detection of abrupt spectral changes in synthetic AR signals
via the sliding window algorithm. Two experiments are performed;
the first is focused on detection of single boundary while the second
concentrates on detection of a couple of boundaries. Accuracy of
detection is judged for each method; the measures are compared
according to results of both experiments.
Abstract: Information of nodes’ locations is an important
criterion for lots of applications in Wireless Sensor Networks. In the
hop-based range-free localization methods, anchors transmit the
localization messages counting a hop count value to the whole
network. Each node receives this message and calculates its own
distance with anchor in hops and then approximates its own position.
However the estimative distances can provoke large error, and affect
the localization precision. To solve the problem, this paper proposes
an algorithm, which makes the unknown nodes fix the nearest anchor
as a reference and select two other anchors which are the most
accurate to achieve the estimated location. Compared to the DV-Hop
algorithm, experiment results illustrate that proposed algorithm has
less average localization error and is more effective.
Abstract: This paper describes new computer vision algorithms
that have been developed to track moving objects as part of a
long-term study into the design of (semi-)autonomous vehicles. We
present the results of a study to exploit variable kernels for tracking in
video sequences. The basis of our work is the mean shift
object-tracking algorithm; for a moving target, it is usual to define a
rectangular target window in an initial frame, and then process the data
within that window to separate the tracked object from the background
by the mean shift segmentation algorithm. Rather than use the
standard, Epanechnikov kernel, we have used a kernel weighted by the
Chamfer distance transform to improve the accuracy of target
representation and localization, minimising the distance between the
two distributions in RGB color space using the Bhattacharyya
coefficient. Experimental results show the improved tracking
capability and versatility of the algorithm in comparison with results
using the standard kernel. These algorithms are incorporated as part of
a robot test-bed architecture which has been used to demonstrate their
effectiveness.
Abstract: In this paper we examine the use of global texture analysis based approaches for the purpose of Persian font recognition in machine-printed document images. Most existing methods for font recognition make use of local typographical features and connected component analysis. However derivation of such features is not an easy task. Gabor filters are appropriate tools for texture analysis and are motivated by human visual system. Here we consider document images as textures and use Gabor filter responses for identifying the fonts. The method is content independent and involves no local feature analysis. Two different classifiers Weighted Euclidean Distance and SVM are used for the purpose of classification. Experiments on seven different type faces and four font styles show average accuracy of 85% with WED and 82% with SVM classifier over typefaces
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel concept of relative
distance measurement using Stereo Vision Technology and discuss
its implementation on a FPGA based real-time image processor. We
capture two images using two CCD cameras and compare them.
Disparity is calculated for each pixel using a real time dense disparity
calculation algorithm. This algorithm is based on the concept of
indexed histogram for matching. Disparity being inversely
proportional to distance (Proved Later), we can thus get the relative
distances of objects in front of the camera. The output is displayed on
a TV screen in the form of a depth image (optionally using pseudo
colors). This system works in real time on a full PAL frame rate (720
x 576 active pixels @ 25 fps).
Abstract: Electro-optical devices are increasingly used for
military sea-, land- and air applications to detect, recognize and track
objects. Typically, these devices produce video information that is
presented to an operator. However, with increasing availability of
electro-optical devices the data volume is becoming very large,
creating a rising need for automated analysis. In a military setting,
this typically involves detecting and recognizing objects at a large
distance, i.e. when they are difficult to distinguish from background
and noise. One may consider combining multiple images from a
video stream into a single enhanced image that provides more
information for the operator. In this paper we investigate a simple
algorithm to enhance simulated images from a military context and
investigate how the enhancement is affected by various types of
disturbance.
Abstract: The curves, of which the square of the distance
between the two points equal to zero, are called minimal or isotropic
curves [4]. In this work, first, necessary and sufficient conditions to
be a Pseudo Helix, which is a special case of such curves, are
presented. Thereafter, it is proven that an isotropic curve-s position
vector and pseudo curvature satisfy a vector differential equation of
fourth order. Additionally, In view of solution of mentioned
equation, position vector of pseudo helices is obtained.
Abstract: Approximate tandem repeats in a genomic sequence are
two or more contiguous, similar copies of a pattern of nucleotides.
They are used in DNA mapping, studying molecular evolution
mechanisms, forensic analysis and research in diagnosis of inherited
diseases. All their functions are still investigated and not well
defined, but increasing biological databases together with tools for
identification of these repeats may lead to discovery of their specific
role or correlation with particular features. This paper presents a new
approach for finding approximate tandem repeats in a given sequence,
where the similarity between consecutive repeats is measured using
the Hamming distance. It is an enhancement of a method for finding
exact tandem repeats in DNA sequences based on the Burrows-
Wheeler transform.