Stabilization of Angular-Shaped Riprap under Overtopping Flows
Riprap is mostly used to prevent erosion by flows
down the steep slopes in river engineering. A total of 53 stability tests
performed on angular riprap with a median stone size ranging from
15 to 278 mm and slope ranging from 1 to 40% are used in this study.
The existing equations for the prediction of medium size of angular
stones are checked for their accuracy using the available data.
Predictions of median size using these equations are not satisfactory
and results show deviation by more than ±20% from the observed
values. A multivariable power regression analysis is performed to
propose a new equation relating the median size with unit discharge,
bed slope, riprap thickness and coefficient of uniformity. The
proposed relationship satisfactorily predicts the median angular stone
size with ±20% error. Further, the required size of the rounded stone
is more than the angular stone for the same unit discharge and the
ratio increases with unit discharge and also with embankment slope
of the riprap.
[1] S. R. Abt, and T. L. Johnson, "Riprap design for overtopping flow," J.
Hydraul. Eng., vol. 117, no. 8, pp. 959-972, 1991.
[2] S. R. Abt, R. J. Wittler, J. D. Ruff, D. L. LaGrone, M. S. Khattak, J. D.
Nelson, N. E. Hinkle, and D. W. Lee, "Development of riprap design
criteria by riprap testing in flumes: Phase I," NUREG/CR-4651, vol.1,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1988.
[3] S. R. Abt, R. J. Wittler, J. D. Ruff, D. L. LaGrone, M. S. Khattak, J. D.
Nelson, N. E. Hinkle, and D. W. Lee, "Development of riprap design
criteria by riprap testing in flumes: Phase II.," NUREG/CR-4651, vol. 2,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1988.
[4] S.R. Abt, C.I. Thornton, H. A. Gallegos, and C.M. Ullmann, "Round
shaped riprap stabilization in overtopping flow," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol.
134, no. 8, pp.1035-1041, 2008.
[5] D.C. Hartung, F., and Scheuerlein, H. "Design of overflow rockfill
dams." Proc., 10th Int. Congress of Large Dams, vol. 1, pp. 587-598,
1970.
[6] R.N. Eli, and D. D. Gray, "Hydraulic performance of a steep single layer
riprap drainage channel," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 134, no. 11, pp. 1651-
1655, 2008.
[7] H. A. Gallegos, "Design criteria for rounded/angular rock riprap in
overtopping flow," MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Colorado
State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo., 2001.
[8] H. A. Gallegos, "Design criteria for rounded/angular rock riprap in
overtopping flow," Proc., Watershed System 2003 Conf., U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Washington, 2003.
[9] F. Hartung, and H. Scheuerlein, "Design of overflow rock fill dams,"
Proc., 10th Int. Congress of Large Dams, vol. 1, pp. 587-598, 1970.
[10] S. Isbash, "Construction of dams by dumping stones into flowing
water," U.S. Army Engineer District, Eastport, Me.,1936.
[11] J. Knauss, "Computation of maximum discharge at overflow rock fill
dams," Proc., 13th Congress of Int. Commission of Large Dams, pp.
143-159, 1979.
[12] S. K. Mishra, "Riprap design of overtopped embankments," Ph.D.
dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort
Collins, Colo., 1998.
[13] H. Oliver, "Through and overflow rock fill damsÔÇöNew design
techniques," Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers, pp. 433-471, 1967.
[14] W.L. Peirson, and S. Cameron, "Design of rock protection to prevent
erosion by water flows down steep slopes," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 132,
no. 10, pp. 1110-1114, 2006.
[15] F. J. Pettijohn, "Sedimentary rocks," Harper & Row, New York, pp. 52-
61, 1975.
[16] C.E. Rice, K.M. Kadavy, and K.M. Robinson, "Roughness of loose rock
riprap on steep slopes," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 179-185,
1998.
[17] K. M. Robinson, C. E. Rice, and K. C. Kadavy, "Stability of rock
chutes," Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Water Resources, vol. 2, ASCE, Reston,
Va., 1476-1480, 1995.
[18] K. M. Robinson, C. E. Rice, and K. C. Kadavy, "Design of rock chutes,"
Trans. ASAE, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 621-626, 1998.
[19] R. D. Russell, and R. E. Taylor, "Bibliography on roundness and shape
of sedimentary rock particles," National Resources Council Rep.,
Submitted to the Commission on Sedimentation 1936-37, Washington,
D.C., pp. 65-80, 1937.
[20] D. Stephenson, "Rock fill in hydraulic engineering," Elsevier Scientific,
New York, 1979.
[21] C. M. Ullmann, "Rounded riprap in overtopping flow," MS thesis, Dept.
of Civil Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo., 2000.
[22] C. M. Ullmann, and S. R. Abt, "Stability of rounded riprap in
overtopping flow," Proc., ASCE 2000 Int. Water Resources Engineering
Conf., 200
[1] S. R. Abt, and T. L. Johnson, "Riprap design for overtopping flow," J.
Hydraul. Eng., vol. 117, no. 8, pp. 959-972, 1991.
[2] S. R. Abt, R. J. Wittler, J. D. Ruff, D. L. LaGrone, M. S. Khattak, J. D.
Nelson, N. E. Hinkle, and D. W. Lee, "Development of riprap design
criteria by riprap testing in flumes: Phase I," NUREG/CR-4651, vol.1,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1988.
[3] S. R. Abt, R. J. Wittler, J. D. Ruff, D. L. LaGrone, M. S. Khattak, J. D.
Nelson, N. E. Hinkle, and D. W. Lee, "Development of riprap design
criteria by riprap testing in flumes: Phase II.," NUREG/CR-4651, vol. 2,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1988.
[4] S.R. Abt, C.I. Thornton, H. A. Gallegos, and C.M. Ullmann, "Round
shaped riprap stabilization in overtopping flow," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol.
134, no. 8, pp.1035-1041, 2008.
[5] D.C. Hartung, F., and Scheuerlein, H. "Design of overflow rockfill
dams." Proc., 10th Int. Congress of Large Dams, vol. 1, pp. 587-598,
1970.
[6] R.N. Eli, and D. D. Gray, "Hydraulic performance of a steep single layer
riprap drainage channel," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 134, no. 11, pp. 1651-
1655, 2008.
[7] H. A. Gallegos, "Design criteria for rounded/angular rock riprap in
overtopping flow," MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Colorado
State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo., 2001.
[8] H. A. Gallegos, "Design criteria for rounded/angular rock riprap in
overtopping flow," Proc., Watershed System 2003 Conf., U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Washington, 2003.
[9] F. Hartung, and H. Scheuerlein, "Design of overflow rock fill dams,"
Proc., 10th Int. Congress of Large Dams, vol. 1, pp. 587-598, 1970.
[10] S. Isbash, "Construction of dams by dumping stones into flowing
water," U.S. Army Engineer District, Eastport, Me.,1936.
[11] J. Knauss, "Computation of maximum discharge at overflow rock fill
dams," Proc., 13th Congress of Int. Commission of Large Dams, pp.
143-159, 1979.
[12] S. K. Mishra, "Riprap design of overtopped embankments," Ph.D.
dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort
Collins, Colo., 1998.
[13] H. Oliver, "Through and overflow rock fill damsÔÇöNew design
techniques," Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers, pp. 433-471, 1967.
[14] W.L. Peirson, and S. Cameron, "Design of rock protection to prevent
erosion by water flows down steep slopes," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 132,
no. 10, pp. 1110-1114, 2006.
[15] F. J. Pettijohn, "Sedimentary rocks," Harper & Row, New York, pp. 52-
61, 1975.
[16] C.E. Rice, K.M. Kadavy, and K.M. Robinson, "Roughness of loose rock
riprap on steep slopes," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 179-185,
1998.
[17] K. M. Robinson, C. E. Rice, and K. C. Kadavy, "Stability of rock
chutes," Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Water Resources, vol. 2, ASCE, Reston,
Va., 1476-1480, 1995.
[18] K. M. Robinson, C. E. Rice, and K. C. Kadavy, "Design of rock chutes,"
Trans. ASAE, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 621-626, 1998.
[19] R. D. Russell, and R. E. Taylor, "Bibliography on roundness and shape
of sedimentary rock particles," National Resources Council Rep.,
Submitted to the Commission on Sedimentation 1936-37, Washington,
D.C., pp. 65-80, 1937.
[20] D. Stephenson, "Rock fill in hydraulic engineering," Elsevier Scientific,
New York, 1979.
[21] C. M. Ullmann, "Rounded riprap in overtopping flow," MS thesis, Dept.
of Civil Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo., 2000.
[22] C. M. Ullmann, and S. R. Abt, "Stability of rounded riprap in
overtopping flow," Proc., ASCE 2000 Int. Water Resources Engineering
Conf., 200
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:61755", author = "Dilavar Khan and Z. Ahmad", title = "Stabilization of Angular-Shaped Riprap under Overtopping Flows", abstract = "Riprap is mostly used to prevent erosion by flows
down the steep slopes in river engineering. A total of 53 stability tests
performed on angular riprap with a median stone size ranging from
15 to 278 mm and slope ranging from 1 to 40% are used in this study.
The existing equations for the prediction of medium size of angular
stones are checked for their accuracy using the available data.
Predictions of median size using these equations are not satisfactory
and results show deviation by more than ±20% from the observed
values. A multivariable power regression analysis is performed to
propose a new equation relating the median size with unit discharge,
bed slope, riprap thickness and coefficient of uniformity. The
proposed relationship satisfactorily predicts the median angular stone
size with ±20% error. Further, the required size of the rounded stone
is more than the angular stone for the same unit discharge and the
ratio increases with unit discharge and also with embankment slope
of the riprap.", keywords = "Angularity, Gradation, Riprap, Stabilization", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "633-5", }
