Investigating Causes of Pavement Deterioration in Khartoum State, Sudan
It is quite essential to investigate the causes of
pavement deterioration in order to select the proper maintenance
technique. The objective of this study was to identify factors cause
deterioration of recently constructed roads in Khartoum state. A
comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration,
common road defects and their causes were reviewed. Three major
road projects with different deterioration reasons were selected for
this study. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory
testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement
conditions. The results revealed that the roads investigated
experienced severe failures in the forms of cracks, potholes, and
rutting in the wheel path. The causes of those failures were found
mainly linked to poor drainage, traffic overloading, expansive
subgrade soils, and the use of low quality materials in construction.
Based on the results, recommendations were provided to help
highway engineers in selecting the most effective repair techniques
for specific kinds of distresses.
[1] W. Paterson, “Road Deterioration and Maintenance Effects: Models for
planning and Management,” Baltimore: The John Hopkins University
press, 1987.
[2] O. M. Ogundipe, “Road pavement failure caused by poor soil properties
along Aramoko-Ilesa highway, Nigeria,” Journal of engineering and
applied sciences, 2008, 3(3), pp. 239-241.
[3] N. Okigbo, “Road maintenance in Nigeria, the way forward,”
International journal of research in engineering science, Pan African
journal series, Accra, Ghana, 2012.
[4] A. S. Harischandra, Identification of road defects, causes of road
deterioration and relationship among them for bitumen penetration
macadam roads in Sri Lanka. Master Thesis at The University of
Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2004.
[5] P. Croney, and D. Croney, The Design and Performance of Road
Pavements. New York City: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998.
[6] O. G. Omer, A. M. Elsharief and A. E. Mohamed, “Failure Investigation
for Recently Constructed Road in Khartoum State,” Journal of
Geological Resource and Engineering 2, David Publishing Press, 2014,
pp 20-31.
[7] T. M. Oguara, A management model for road infrastructure
maintenance. Book of proceedings, 19th engineering assembly, Council
for the regulation of engineering in Nigeria, 2010.
[8] M. Sargious, Pavement and Surfacing for Highways and Airports.
London: Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1975.
[9] S. Y. Wee, R. B. Chan, and H. W. Teo, “Potential modeling of pavement
deterioration rate due to cracking,” UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil
Engineering, Vol 1, issue 1, August 2009.
[10] D.Y. Patil Abhijit, Y. B. Patil Prathisthan’s, and A. Patil Polytechnic,
“Effects of Bad Drainage on Roads,” Civil and Environmental Research,
Vol. 1, No.1, 2011.
[11] N. D. Little, and R. D. Jones, “Chemical and Mechanical Processes of
Moisture Damage in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements,” Moisture Sensitivity
of Asphalt Pavements- A National Seminar, February 4–6, 2003 San
Diego, California. Transportation Research Board of the National
Academics, 2003.
[12] N. P. Khosla, G. B. Birdsall, and S. Kawaguchi, “An In-Depth
Evaluation of Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures,” NCDOT
Research Project 1998-08 FHWA/NC/2002-102, 1999.
[13] K. D. Stuart, “Moisture Damage in Asphalt Mixtures- A State-of-Art
Report, FHWARD-90-019, Federal Highway Administration, U.S
Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 20001., 1990.
[14] R.S. Rollings, “Marginal Materials for Pavement Construction,” Final
Report, Department of the Army Waterways Experiment Station Corps
of Engineers, US. Vicksburg Mississippi 39180-0631, 1988.
[15] O. M. Osuolale, A. A. Oseni, and I. A. Sanni, “Investigation of Highway
Pavement Failure Along Ibadan - Iseyin Road, Oyo State, Nigeria,”
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 8, October – 2012.
[16] D. N. Little, and R. Graves, “Upgrading Marginal Aggregate Bases And
High-Fines Bases With Low Levels of Stabilizers,” Texas
Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University and Vulcan Materials
Company, 1999.
[17] D. N. Little, T. Scullion, P. Kota, and J. Bhuiyan, “Identification of the
Structural Benefits of Base and Subgrade Stabilization," Research
Report 1287-2F, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas, 1995.
[18] S. Sebesta, “Reworking Base, “Presented at Statewide Maintenance,”
Conference, San Antonio, TX, April 16, 2002.
[19] S. Sebesta, “Investigation of Maintenance of Base Repairs over
Expansive Soil,” FHWA/TX-03/0-4395-1, 2005.
[20] W. Charlie, M. Osman and E. Ali, “Construction on Expansive Soils in
Sudan,” Journal of Construction Engineering Management, American
Society of Civil Engineers, Construction Division. Vol. 110 No. 3, pp.
359–374, 1984.
[21] BS 1377-2, Soils for civil engineering purposes: part 2:
Classificationtests.1990.
[1] W. Paterson, “Road Deterioration and Maintenance Effects: Models for
planning and Management,” Baltimore: The John Hopkins University
press, 1987.
[2] O. M. Ogundipe, “Road pavement failure caused by poor soil properties
along Aramoko-Ilesa highway, Nigeria,” Journal of engineering and
applied sciences, 2008, 3(3), pp. 239-241.
[3] N. Okigbo, “Road maintenance in Nigeria, the way forward,”
International journal of research in engineering science, Pan African
journal series, Accra, Ghana, 2012.
[4] A. S. Harischandra, Identification of road defects, causes of road
deterioration and relationship among them for bitumen penetration
macadam roads in Sri Lanka. Master Thesis at The University of
Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2004.
[5] P. Croney, and D. Croney, The Design and Performance of Road
Pavements. New York City: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998.
[6] O. G. Omer, A. M. Elsharief and A. E. Mohamed, “Failure Investigation
for Recently Constructed Road in Khartoum State,” Journal of
Geological Resource and Engineering 2, David Publishing Press, 2014,
pp 20-31.
[7] T. M. Oguara, A management model for road infrastructure
maintenance. Book of proceedings, 19th engineering assembly, Council
for the regulation of engineering in Nigeria, 2010.
[8] M. Sargious, Pavement and Surfacing for Highways and Airports.
London: Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1975.
[9] S. Y. Wee, R. B. Chan, and H. W. Teo, “Potential modeling of pavement
deterioration rate due to cracking,” UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil
Engineering, Vol 1, issue 1, August 2009.
[10] D.Y. Patil Abhijit, Y. B. Patil Prathisthan’s, and A. Patil Polytechnic,
“Effects of Bad Drainage on Roads,” Civil and Environmental Research,
Vol. 1, No.1, 2011.
[11] N. D. Little, and R. D. Jones, “Chemical and Mechanical Processes of
Moisture Damage in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements,” Moisture Sensitivity
of Asphalt Pavements- A National Seminar, February 4–6, 2003 San
Diego, California. Transportation Research Board of the National
Academics, 2003.
[12] N. P. Khosla, G. B. Birdsall, and S. Kawaguchi, “An In-Depth
Evaluation of Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures,” NCDOT
Research Project 1998-08 FHWA/NC/2002-102, 1999.
[13] K. D. Stuart, “Moisture Damage in Asphalt Mixtures- A State-of-Art
Report, FHWARD-90-019, Federal Highway Administration, U.S
Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 20001., 1990.
[14] R.S. Rollings, “Marginal Materials for Pavement Construction,” Final
Report, Department of the Army Waterways Experiment Station Corps
of Engineers, US. Vicksburg Mississippi 39180-0631, 1988.
[15] O. M. Osuolale, A. A. Oseni, and I. A. Sanni, “Investigation of Highway
Pavement Failure Along Ibadan - Iseyin Road, Oyo State, Nigeria,”
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 8, October – 2012.
[16] D. N. Little, and R. Graves, “Upgrading Marginal Aggregate Bases And
High-Fines Bases With Low Levels of Stabilizers,” Texas
Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University and Vulcan Materials
Company, 1999.
[17] D. N. Little, T. Scullion, P. Kota, and J. Bhuiyan, “Identification of the
Structural Benefits of Base and Subgrade Stabilization," Research
Report 1287-2F, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas, 1995.
[18] S. Sebesta, “Reworking Base, “Presented at Statewide Maintenance,”
Conference, San Antonio, TX, April 16, 2002.
[19] S. Sebesta, “Investigation of Maintenance of Base Repairs over
Expansive Soil,” FHWA/TX-03/0-4395-1, 2005.
[20] W. Charlie, M. Osman and E. Ali, “Construction on Expansive Soils in
Sudan,” Journal of Construction Engineering Management, American
Society of Civil Engineers, Construction Division. Vol. 110 No. 3, pp.
359–374, 1984.
[21] BS 1377-2, Soils for civil engineering purposes: part 2:
Classificationtests.1990.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:71406", author = "Magdi M. E. Zumrawi", title = "Investigating Causes of Pavement Deterioration in Khartoum State, Sudan", abstract = "It is quite essential to investigate the causes of
pavement deterioration in order to select the proper maintenance
technique. The objective of this study was to identify factors cause
deterioration of recently constructed roads in Khartoum state. A
comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration,
common road defects and their causes were reviewed. Three major
road projects with different deterioration reasons were selected for
this study. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory
testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement
conditions. The results revealed that the roads investigated
experienced severe failures in the forms of cracks, potholes, and
rutting in the wheel path. The causes of those failures were found
mainly linked to poor drainage, traffic overloading, expansive
subgrade soils, and the use of low quality materials in construction.
Based on the results, recommendations were provided to help
highway engineers in selecting the most effective repair techniques
for specific kinds of distresses.", keywords = "Pavement, deterioration, causes, failures.", volume = "9", number = "11", pages = "1458-6", }
