Ant Colony Optimization for Optimal Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems
The problem of optimal planning of multiple sources
of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks is treated in
this paper using an improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithm
(ACO). This objective of this problem is to determine the DG
optimal size and location that in order to minimize the network real
power losses. Considering the multiple sources of DG, both size and
location are simultaneously optimized in a single run of the proposed
ACO algorithm. The various practical constraints of the problem are
taken into consideration by the problem formulation and the
algorithm implementation. A radial power flow algorithm for
distribution networks is adopted and applied to satisfy these
constraints. To validate the proposed technique and demonstrate its
effectiveness, the well-know 69-bus feeder standard test system is
employed.cm.
<p>[1] H. Iyer, S. Ray and R. Ramakumar, "Assessment of Distributed
Generation Based on Voltage Profile Improvement and Line Loss
Reduction," in Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Exhibition, 2005/2006 IEEE PES, pp. 1171-1176, 2006.
[2] C. L. T. Borges and D. M. Falcao, "Impact of distributed generation
allocation and sizing on reliability, losses and voltage profile," in Power
Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003 IEEE Bologna, pp. 5 pp. Vol.2,
2003.
[3] Anonymous "IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources
With Electric Power Systems," IEEE Std 1547-2003, pp. 0_1-16, 2003.
[4] G. Pepermans, J. Driesen, D. Haeseldonckx, R. Belmans and W.
D’haeseleer, "Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues,"
Energy Policy, vol. 33, pp. 787-798, 4. 2005.
[5] R. A. Jabr and B. C. Pal, "Ordinal optimisation approach for locating
and sizing of distributed generation," Generation, Transmission &
Distribution, IET, vol. 3, pp. 713-723, 2009.
[6] T. Gözel and M. H. Hocaoglu, "An analytical method for the sizing and
siting of distributed generators in radial systems," Electr.Power
Syst.Res., vol. 79, pp. 912-918, 6. 2009.
[7] N. Acharya, P. Mahat and N. Mithulananthan, "An analytical approach
for DG allocation in primary distribution network," International Journal
of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 28, pp. 669-678, 12. 2006.
[8] M. A. Kashem, A.D.T. Le, M. Negnevitsky and G. Ledwich,
"Distributed generation for minimization of power losses in distribution
systems," in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE,
pp. 8 pp., 2006.
[9] A. D. T. Le, M. A. Kashem, M. Negnevitsky and G. Ledwich,
"Maximising Voltage Support in Distribution Systems by Distributed
Generation," in TENCON 2005 2005 IEEE Region 10, pp. 1-6, 2005.
[10] A. D. T. Le, M. A. Kashem, M. Negnevitsky and G. Ledwich, "Optimal
Distributed Generation Parameters for Reducing Losses with Economic
Consideration," in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007.
IEEE, pp. 1-8, 2007.
[11] C. L. T. Borges and D. M. Falcão, "Optimal distributed generation
allocation for reliability, losses, and voltage improvement," International
Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 28, pp. 413-420, 7.
2006.
[12] B. A. de Souza and J. M. C. de Albuquerque, "Optimal Placement of
Distributed Generators Networks Using Evolutionary Programming," in
Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America,
2006. TDC '06. IEEE/PES, pp. 1-6, 2006.
[13] G. P. Harrison, A. Piccolo, P. Siano and A. R. Wallace, "Hybrid GA and
OPF evaluation of network capacity for distributed generation
connections," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 78, pp. 392-398, 3. 2008.
[14] M. Mardaneh and G. B. Gharehpetian, "Siting and sizing of DG units
using GA and OPF based technique," in TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE
Region 10 Conference, pp. 331-334 Vol. 3, 2004.
[15] H. L. Willis, "Analytical methods and rules of thumb for modeling DGdistribution
interaction," in Power Engineering Society Summer
Meeting, 2000. IEEE, pp. 1643-1644 vol. 3, 2000.
[16] Caisheng Wang and M.H. Nehrir, "Analytical approaches for optimal
placement of distributed generation sources in power systems," Power
Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp. 2068-2076, 2004.
[17] T. K. A. Rahman, S. R. A. Rahim and I. Musirin, "Optimal allocation
and sizing of embedded generators," in Power and Energy Conference,
2004. PECon 2004. Proceedings. National, pp. 288-294, 2004.
[18] S. Kotamarty, S. Khushalani and N. Schulz, "Impact of distributed
generation on distribution contingency analysis," Electr.Power Syst.Res.,
vol. 78, pp. 1537-1545, 9. 2008.
[19] Y. Baghzouz, "General rules for distributed generation - feeder
interaction," in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006.
IEEE, pp. 4 pp., 2006.
[20] M. R. Al Rashidi and M. F. Al Hajri, "Proper planning of multiple
distributed generation sources using heuristic approach," in Modeling,
Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO), 2011 4th
International Conference on, pp. 1-5, 2011.
[21] A. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, Power Generation Operation and
Control, New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, pp. 592.
[22] M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo, and A. Colorni, "Positive feedback as a search
strategy," Dipartimento Di Elettronica - Politecnico Di Milano Technical
Report., Tech. Rep. 91-016, 1991.
[23] M. Dorigo, M. Birattari and T. Stutzle, "Ant colony optimization,"
Computational Intelligence Magazine, IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 28-39, 2006.
[24] M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo and A. Colorni, "Ant system: optimization by a
colony of cooperating agents," Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B:
Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 26, pp. 29-41, 1996.
[25] M. Dorigo and T. Stuzel, Ant Colony Optimization, The MIT Press,
2004,
[26] L. Shi, J. Hao, J. Zhou and G. Xu, "Ant colony optimization algorithm
with random perturbation behavior to the problem of optimal unit
commitment with probabilistic spinning reserve determination,"
Electr.Power Syst.Res., vol. 69, pp. 295-303, 5. 2004.
[27] S. Chusanapiputt, D. Nualhong, S. Jantarang and S. Phoomvuthisarn,
"Unit commitment by selective self-adaptive ACO with Relativity
Pheromone Updating approach," in Power Engineering Conference,
2007. IPEC 2007. International, pp. 36-41, 2007.
[28] R. Bharathi, M. J. Kumar, D. Sunitha and S. Premalatha, "Optimization
of combined economic and emission dispatch problem — A comparative
study," Power Engineering Conference, 2007. IPEC 2007. International,
pp. 134-139, 2007.
[29] I. K. Yu and Y. H. Song, "A novel short-term generation scheduling
technique of thermal units using ant colony search algorithms,"
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 23, pp.
471-479, 8. 2001.
[30] M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, "Optimal capacitor placement on radial
distribution systems," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 4, pp.
725-734, 1989.</p>
<p>[1] H. Iyer, S. Ray and R. Ramakumar, "Assessment of Distributed
Generation Based on Voltage Profile Improvement and Line Loss
Reduction," in Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Exhibition, 2005/2006 IEEE PES, pp. 1171-1176, 2006.
[2] C. L. T. Borges and D. M. Falcao, "Impact of distributed generation
allocation and sizing on reliability, losses and voltage profile," in Power
Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003 IEEE Bologna, pp. 5 pp. Vol.2,
2003.
[3] Anonymous "IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources
With Electric Power Systems," IEEE Std 1547-2003, pp. 0_1-16, 2003.
[4] G. Pepermans, J. Driesen, D. Haeseldonckx, R. Belmans and W.
D’haeseleer, "Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues,"
Energy Policy, vol. 33, pp. 787-798, 4. 2005.
[5] R. A. Jabr and B. C. Pal, "Ordinal optimisation approach for locating
and sizing of distributed generation," Generation, Transmission &
Distribution, IET, vol. 3, pp. 713-723, 2009.
[6] T. Gözel and M. H. Hocaoglu, "An analytical method for the sizing and
siting of distributed generators in radial systems," Electr.Power
Syst.Res., vol. 79, pp. 912-918, 6. 2009.
[7] N. Acharya, P. Mahat and N. Mithulananthan, "An analytical approach
for DG allocation in primary distribution network," International Journal
of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 28, pp. 669-678, 12. 2006.
[8] M. A. Kashem, A.D.T. Le, M. Negnevitsky and G. Ledwich,
"Distributed generation for minimization of power losses in distribution
systems," in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE,
pp. 8 pp., 2006.
[9] A. D. T. Le, M. A. Kashem, M. Negnevitsky and G. Ledwich,
"Maximising Voltage Support in Distribution Systems by Distributed
Generation," in TENCON 2005 2005 IEEE Region 10, pp. 1-6, 2005.
[10] A. D. T. Le, M. A. Kashem, M. Negnevitsky and G. Ledwich, "Optimal
Distributed Generation Parameters for Reducing Losses with Economic
Consideration," in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007.
IEEE, pp. 1-8, 2007.
[11] C. L. T. Borges and D. M. Falcão, "Optimal distributed generation
allocation for reliability, losses, and voltage improvement," International
Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 28, pp. 413-420, 7.
2006.
[12] B. A. de Souza and J. M. C. de Albuquerque, "Optimal Placement of
Distributed Generators Networks Using Evolutionary Programming," in
Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America,
2006. TDC '06. IEEE/PES, pp. 1-6, 2006.
[13] G. P. Harrison, A. Piccolo, P. Siano and A. R. Wallace, "Hybrid GA and
OPF evaluation of network capacity for distributed generation
connections," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 78, pp. 392-398, 3. 2008.
[14] M. Mardaneh and G. B. Gharehpetian, "Siting and sizing of DG units
using GA and OPF based technique," in TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE
Region 10 Conference, pp. 331-334 Vol. 3, 2004.
[15] H. L. Willis, "Analytical methods and rules of thumb for modeling DGdistribution
interaction," in Power Engineering Society Summer
Meeting, 2000. IEEE, pp. 1643-1644 vol. 3, 2000.
[16] Caisheng Wang and M.H. Nehrir, "Analytical approaches for optimal
placement of distributed generation sources in power systems," Power
Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp. 2068-2076, 2004.
[17] T. K. A. Rahman, S. R. A. Rahim and I. Musirin, "Optimal allocation
and sizing of embedded generators," in Power and Energy Conference,
2004. PECon 2004. Proceedings. National, pp. 288-294, 2004.
[18] S. Kotamarty, S. Khushalani and N. Schulz, "Impact of distributed
generation on distribution contingency analysis," Electr.Power Syst.Res.,
vol. 78, pp. 1537-1545, 9. 2008.
[19] Y. Baghzouz, "General rules for distributed generation - feeder
interaction," in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006.
IEEE, pp. 4 pp., 2006.
[20] M. R. Al Rashidi and M. F. Al Hajri, "Proper planning of multiple
distributed generation sources using heuristic approach," in Modeling,
Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO), 2011 4th
International Conference on, pp. 1-5, 2011.
[21] A. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, Power Generation Operation and
Control, New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, pp. 592.
[22] M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo, and A. Colorni, "Positive feedback as a search
strategy," Dipartimento Di Elettronica - Politecnico Di Milano Technical
Report., Tech. Rep. 91-016, 1991.
[23] M. Dorigo, M. Birattari and T. Stutzle, "Ant colony optimization,"
Computational Intelligence Magazine, IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 28-39, 2006.
[24] M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo and A. Colorni, "Ant system: optimization by a
colony of cooperating agents," Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B:
Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 26, pp. 29-41, 1996.
[25] M. Dorigo and T. Stuzel, Ant Colony Optimization, The MIT Press,
2004,
[26] L. Shi, J. Hao, J. Zhou and G. Xu, "Ant colony optimization algorithm
with random perturbation behavior to the problem of optimal unit
commitment with probabilistic spinning reserve determination,"
Electr.Power Syst.Res., vol. 69, pp. 295-303, 5. 2004.
[27] S. Chusanapiputt, D. Nualhong, S. Jantarang and S. Phoomvuthisarn,
"Unit commitment by selective self-adaptive ACO with Relativity
Pheromone Updating approach," in Power Engineering Conference,
2007. IPEC 2007. International, pp. 36-41, 2007.
[28] R. Bharathi, M. J. Kumar, D. Sunitha and S. Premalatha, "Optimization
of combined economic and emission dispatch problem — A comparative
study," Power Engineering Conference, 2007. IPEC 2007. International,
pp. 134-139, 2007.
[29] I. K. Yu and Y. H. Song, "A novel short-term generation scheduling
technique of thermal units using ant colony search algorithms,"
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 23, pp.
471-479, 8. 2001.
[30] M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, "Optimal capacitor placement on radial
distribution systems," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 4, pp.
725-734, 1989.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:65022", author = "I. A. Farhat", title = "Ant Colony Optimization for Optimal Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems", abstract = "The problem of optimal planning of multiple sources
of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks is treated in
this paper using an improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithm
(ACO). This objective of this problem is to determine the DG
optimal size and location that in order to minimize the network real
power losses. Considering the multiple sources of DG, both size and
location are simultaneously optimized in a single run of the proposed
ACO algorithm. The various practical constraints of the problem are
taken into consideration by the problem formulation and the
algorithm implementation. A radial power flow algorithm for
distribution networks is adopted and applied to satisfy these
constraints. To validate the proposed technique and demonstrate its
effectiveness, the well-know 69-bus feeder standard test system is
employed.cm.
", keywords = "About Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Distributed
Generation (DG).", volume = "7", number = "8", pages = "1143-5", }
