An Improved Tie Force Method for Progressive Collapse Resistance of Precast Concrete Cross Wall Structures
Progressive collapse of buildings typically occurs
when abnormal loading conditions cause local damages, which leads
to a chain reaction of failure and ultimately catastrophic collapse. The
tie force (TF) method is one of the main design approaches for
progressive collapse. As the TF method is a simplified method, further
investigations on the reliability of the method is necessary. This study
aims to develop an improved TF method to design the cross wall
structures for progressive collapse. To this end, the pullout behavior of
strands in grout was firstly analyzed; and then, by considering the tie
force-slip relationship in the friction stage together with the catenary
action mechanism, a comprehensive analytical method was developed.
The reliability of this approach is verified by the experimental results
of concrete block pullout tests and full scale floor-to-floor joints tests
undertaken by Portland Cement Association (PCA). Discrepancies in
the tie force between the analytical results and codified specifications
have suggested the deficiency of TF method, hence an improved
model based on the analytical results has been proposed to address this
concern.
[1] British Standard. "The Structural use of concrete in building (BS
8110-11:1997)”, Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction.
[2] Popoff Jr, A., "Design against progressive collapse". PCI journal, Vol. 20,
1975, pp.44-57.
[3] Portland Cement Association (PCA). "Design Methodology. Design and
Construction of Large-Panel Concrete Structures, 1979, report 1- 6 and
supplementary A, B, C.
[4] Ellingwood, B.R., et al. (2007). Best practices for reducing the potential
for progressive collapse in buildings. US Department of Commerce,
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
[5] Cleland, N.M, Structural integrity and progressive collapse in large-panel
precast concrete structural systems. PCI journal, 53(4), 2008, p. 54-61.
[6] Dusenberry D. "Review of existing guidelines and provisions related to
progressive collapse”. Workshop on prevention of progressive collapse.
National Institute of Building Sciences. 2002, Washington (DC).
[7] Nair, R. S., "Progressive collapse basics” Modern steel construction, Vol.
44, 2004, pp.37-44, ASCE.
[8] Abruzzo, J., Matta, A. and Panariello, G. "Study of mitigation strategies
for progressive collapse of a reinforced concrete commercial building”.
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 20, 2006, pp.
384-390.
[9] Department of Defense (DoD). "Design Building to Resist Progressive
Collapse”, Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC-04-023-03), 2005,
Washington, D.C.
[10] Li, Y., Lu, X., Guan, H. and Ye, L., "An improved tie force method for
progressive collapse resistance design of reinforced concrete frame
structures”, Journal of Engineering Structures, Vol. 33, 2011,
pp.2931-2942.
[11] Yagust, V. I. and Yankelevsky, D. Z. On Potential Progressive Failure of
Large-Panel Buildings. Structural Engineering (ASCE), 131(11), 2007.
pp. 1591-1603.
[12] Gerasimidis, S., Simos, C. D. and Baniotopoulos, C. C. (2013). A
computational model for full or partial damage of single or multiple
adjacent columns in disproportionate collapse analysis via linear
programming. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 9(1), pp.1-14.
[13] Department of Defense (DoD). "Design Building to Resist Progressive
Collapse", Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC-04-023-03), 2013,
Washington, D.C.
[14] Stoker, M.F and Sozen, M.A. "Investigation of Prestressed Concrete for
Highway Bridges; Part IV: "Bond Characteristics of Prestressing strand,
University of Illinois, 1970, Structural Research Series No. 344.
[15] Naaman, A. E., Namur, G. G., Alwan, J. M. & Najm, H. S., Fiber pullout
and bond slip. I: Analytical study. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.
117, 1991, pp.2769-2790.
[16] Den Uijl, J., "Bond modelling of prestressing strand”. ACI Special
Publication, 1998, Vol. 180.
[17] Den Uijl, J. A. and Bigaj, A. J. "Bond model for ribbed bars Based on
Concrete Confinement. HERON, Vol. 41, No. 3, 1996, pp.201-226.
[18] CEB-FIP. 2000 State-of-the-Art Report on Bond of Reinforcement in
Concrete. State- of- Art Report Prepared by Task Group, Bond Models
(former CEB Task Group 2.5) FIB – International Federation of
Structural Concrete, Féd. Int. du Béton (fib).
[19] Abrishami, H. H. and Mitchell, D., Analysis of bond stress distributions in
pullout specimens, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 122, 1996,
pp.255-261.
[20] Lundgren, K., Three-Dimensional Modelling of Bond in Reinforced
Concrete Theoretical Model, Experiments and Applications, 1999,
Chalmers University of Technology.
[21] Den Uijl, J. Year. "Bond and splitting action of prestressing strand". In:
Proceedings of the International Conference Bond in Concrete: From
Research to Practice, 1992.
[22] Eurocode 1-Action on Structures-Part 1-7: General action- accidental
Action, EN 1991-1-7:2006.
[1] British Standard. "The Structural use of concrete in building (BS
8110-11:1997)”, Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction.
[2] Popoff Jr, A., "Design against progressive collapse". PCI journal, Vol. 20,
1975, pp.44-57.
[3] Portland Cement Association (PCA). "Design Methodology. Design and
Construction of Large-Panel Concrete Structures, 1979, report 1- 6 and
supplementary A, B, C.
[4] Ellingwood, B.R., et al. (2007). Best practices for reducing the potential
for progressive collapse in buildings. US Department of Commerce,
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
[5] Cleland, N.M, Structural integrity and progressive collapse in large-panel
precast concrete structural systems. PCI journal, 53(4), 2008, p. 54-61.
[6] Dusenberry D. "Review of existing guidelines and provisions related to
progressive collapse”. Workshop on prevention of progressive collapse.
National Institute of Building Sciences. 2002, Washington (DC).
[7] Nair, R. S., "Progressive collapse basics” Modern steel construction, Vol.
44, 2004, pp.37-44, ASCE.
[8] Abruzzo, J., Matta, A. and Panariello, G. "Study of mitigation strategies
for progressive collapse of a reinforced concrete commercial building”.
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 20, 2006, pp.
384-390.
[9] Department of Defense (DoD). "Design Building to Resist Progressive
Collapse”, Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC-04-023-03), 2005,
Washington, D.C.
[10] Li, Y., Lu, X., Guan, H. and Ye, L., "An improved tie force method for
progressive collapse resistance design of reinforced concrete frame
structures”, Journal of Engineering Structures, Vol. 33, 2011,
pp.2931-2942.
[11] Yagust, V. I. and Yankelevsky, D. Z. On Potential Progressive Failure of
Large-Panel Buildings. Structural Engineering (ASCE), 131(11), 2007.
pp. 1591-1603.
[12] Gerasimidis, S., Simos, C. D. and Baniotopoulos, C. C. (2013). A
computational model for full or partial damage of single or multiple
adjacent columns in disproportionate collapse analysis via linear
programming. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 9(1), pp.1-14.
[13] Department of Defense (DoD). "Design Building to Resist Progressive
Collapse", Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC-04-023-03), 2013,
Washington, D.C.
[14] Stoker, M.F and Sozen, M.A. "Investigation of Prestressed Concrete for
Highway Bridges; Part IV: "Bond Characteristics of Prestressing strand,
University of Illinois, 1970, Structural Research Series No. 344.
[15] Naaman, A. E., Namur, G. G., Alwan, J. M. & Najm, H. S., Fiber pullout
and bond slip. I: Analytical study. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.
117, 1991, pp.2769-2790.
[16] Den Uijl, J., "Bond modelling of prestressing strand”. ACI Special
Publication, 1998, Vol. 180.
[17] Den Uijl, J. A. and Bigaj, A. J. "Bond model for ribbed bars Based on
Concrete Confinement. HERON, Vol. 41, No. 3, 1996, pp.201-226.
[18] CEB-FIP. 2000 State-of-the-Art Report on Bond of Reinforcement in
Concrete. State- of- Art Report Prepared by Task Group, Bond Models
(former CEB Task Group 2.5) FIB – International Federation of
Structural Concrete, Féd. Int. du Béton (fib).
[19] Abrishami, H. H. and Mitchell, D., Analysis of bond stress distributions in
pullout specimens, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 122, 1996,
pp.255-261.
[20] Lundgren, K., Three-Dimensional Modelling of Bond in Reinforced
Concrete Theoretical Model, Experiments and Applications, 1999,
Chalmers University of Technology.
[21] Den Uijl, J. Year. "Bond and splitting action of prestressing strand". In:
Proceedings of the International Conference Bond in Concrete: From
Research to Practice, 1992.
[22] Eurocode 1-Action on Structures-Part 1-7: General action- accidental
Action, EN 1991-1-7:2006.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:66046", author = "M. Tohidi and J. Yang and C. Baniotopoulos", title = "An Improved Tie Force Method for Progressive Collapse Resistance of Precast Concrete Cross Wall Structures", abstract = "Progressive collapse of buildings typically occurs
when abnormal loading conditions cause local damages, which leads
to a chain reaction of failure and ultimately catastrophic collapse. The
tie force (TF) method is one of the main design approaches for
progressive collapse. As the TF method is a simplified method, further
investigations on the reliability of the method is necessary. This study
aims to develop an improved TF method to design the cross wall
structures for progressive collapse. To this end, the pullout behavior of
strands in grout was firstly analyzed; and then, by considering the tie
force-slip relationship in the friction stage together with the catenary
action mechanism, a comprehensive analytical method was developed.
The reliability of this approach is verified by the experimental results
of concrete block pullout tests and full scale floor-to-floor joints tests
undertaken by Portland Cement Association (PCA). Discrepancies in
the tie force between the analytical results and codified specifications
have suggested the deficiency of TF method, hence an improved
model based on the analytical results has been proposed to address this
concern.
", keywords = "Cross wall, progressive collapse, ties force method, catenary, analytical.", volume = "8", number = "1", pages = "1-9", }
