Abstract: This paper discusses a new heavy tailed distribution based data hiding into discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of image, which provides statistical security as well as robustness against steganalysis attacks. Unlike other data hiding algorithms, the proposed technique does not introduce much effect in the stegoimage-s DCT coefficient probability plots, thus making the presence of hidden data statistically undetectable. In addition the proposed method does not compromise on hiding capacity. When compared to the generic block DCT based data-hiding scheme, our method found more robust against a variety of image manipulating attacks such as filtering, blurring, JPEG compression etc.
Abstract: At present the process of formation of corporate
values in Kazakh universities is under the influence of a whole range
of socio-economic and cultural changes: on the one hand universities
must maintain and transmit traditional cultural values of education,
on the other, to improve quality of service and to involve young
people to science, providing thus own competitiveness. Thus, this
article presents some results of two cycles of sociological research
conducted in 2012 and aimed at identifying possible ways to
popularize science and readiness to participate of youth in given
activities, expectations of young scientists and the prospects of future
development of the Kazakh science.
Abstract: Finding suitable non-supersingular elliptic curves for
pairing-based cryptosystems becomes an important issue for the
modern public-key cryptography after the proposition of id-based
encryption scheme and short signature scheme. In previous work
different algorithms have been proposed for finding such elliptic
curves when embedding degree k ∈ {3, 4, 6} and cofactor h ∈ {1, 2, 3,
4, 5}. In this paper a new method is presented to find more
non-supersingular elliptic curves for pairing-based cryptosystems with
general embedding degree k and large values of cofactor h. In
addition, some effective parameters of these non-supersingular elliptic
curves are provided in this paper.
Abstract: Turbulence of the incoming wind field is of paramount
importance to the dynamic response of civil engineering structures. Hence reliable stochastic models of the turbulence should be available from which time series can be generated for dynamic response and
structural safety analysis. In the paper an empirical cross spectral
density function for the along-wind turbulence component over the wind field area is taken as the starting point. The spectrum is spatially
discretized in terms of a Hermitian cross-spectral density matrix for the turbulence state vector which turns out not to be positive
definite. Since the succeeding state space and ARMA modelling of
the turbulence rely on the positive definiteness of the cross-spectral
density matrix, the problem with the non-positive definiteness of such
matrices is at first addressed and suitable treatments regarding it are proposed. From the adjusted positive definite cross-spectral density
matrix a frequency response matrix is constructed which determines the turbulence vector as a linear filtration of Gaussian white noise.
Finally, an accurate state space modelling method is proposed which allows selection of an appropriate model order, and estimation of a state space model for the vector turbulence process incorporating its phase spectrum in one stage, and its results are compared with a conventional ARMA modelling method.
Abstract: In this study integral form and new recursive formulas
for Favard constants and some connected with them numeric and
Fourier series are obtained. The method is based on preliminary
integration of Fourier series which allows for establishing finite
recursive representations for the summation. It is shown that the
derived recursive representations are numerically more effective than
known representations of the considered objects.
Abstract: In this paper, a delayed competitive system with the effect of toxic substances is investigated. With the aid of differential equations with piecewise constant arguments, a discrete analogue of continuous non-autonomous delayed competitive system with the effect of toxic substances is proposed. By using Gaines and Mawhin,s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, a easily verifiable sufficient condition for the existence of positive solutions of difference equations is obtained.
Abstract: This work is devoted to the calculation of the
undulatory parameters and the study of the influence of te number
parallel path of a winding on overvoltage compared to the frame and
between turns (sections) in a multiturn random winding of an
asynchronous motors supplied with PWM- converters.
Abstract: Integrins are a large family of multidomain α/β cell
signaling receptors. Some integrins contain an additional inserted I
domain, whose earliest expression appears to be with the chordates,
since they are observed in the urochordates Ciona intestinalis (vase
tunicate) and Halocynthia roretzi (sea pineapple), but not in integrins
of earlier diverging species. The domain-s presence is viewed as a
hallmark of integrins of higher metazoans, however in vertebrates,
there are clearly three structurally-different classes: integrins without
I domains, and two groups of integrins with I domains but separable
by the presence or absence of an additional αC helix. For example,
the αI domains in collagen-binding integrins from Osteichthyes
(bony fish) and all higher vertebrates contain the specific αC helix,
whereas the αI domains in non-collagen binding integrins from
vertebrates and the αI domains from earlier diverging urochordate
integrins, i.e. tunicates, do not. Unfortunately, within the early
chordates, there is an evolutionary gap due to extinctions between the
tunicates and cartilaginous fish. This, coupled with a knowledge gap
due to the lack of complete genomic data from surviving species,
means that the origin of collagen-binding αC-containing αI domains
remains unknown. Here, we analyzed two available genomes from
Callorhinchus milii (ghost shark/elephant shark; Chondrichthyes –
cartilaginous fish) and Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey;
Agnathostomata), and several available Expression Sequence Tags
from two Chondrichthyes species: Raja erinacea (little skate) and
Squalus acanthias (dogfish shark); and Eptatretus burgeri (inshore
hagfish; Agnathostomata), which evolutionary reside between the
urochordates and osteichthyes. In P. marinus, we observed several
fragments coding for the αC-containing αI domain, allowing us to
shed more light on the evolution of the collagen-binding integrins.
Abstract: Voice Over IP (VoIP) is a technology that could pass
the voice traffic and data packet form over an IP network. Network
can be used for intranet or Internet. Phone calls using VoIP has
advantages in terms of cheaper cost of PSTN phone to more than
half, because the cost is calculated by the cost of the global nature of
the Internet. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol
at the application layer which serves to establish, modify, and
terminate a multimedia session involving one or more users. This SIP
signaling has SIP message in text form that is used for session
management by the SIP components, such as User Agent, Registrar,
Redirect Server, and Proxy Server. To build a SIP communication is
required SIP Express Router (SER) to be able to receive SIP
messages, for handling the basic functions of SIP messages.
Problems occur when the NAT through which affects the voice
communication will be blocked starting from the sound that is not
sent or one side of the sound are sent (half duplex). How that could
be used to penetrate NAT is to use a given mediaproxy random RTP
port to penetrate NAT.
Abstract: The increase popularity of multimedia application especially in image processing places a great demand on efficient data storage and transmission techniques. Network communication such as wireless network can easily be intercepted and cause of confidential information leaked. Unfortunately, conventional compression and encryption methods are too slow; it is impossible to carry out real time secure image processing. In this research, Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) encoder which specially designs for wavelet compression is examined. With this algorithm, three methods are proposed to reduce the processing time, space and security protection that will be secured enough to protect the data.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of
mucus production as a biomarker. This was done by exposing the
mussel Perna perna to various sublethal concentrations of Cu.
Mussels are effective as a bioindicator species as they accumulate Cu
in their tissues. Differences in mucus production rates were evaluated
at different Cu concentrations. The findings of this study indicate that
increasing Cu concentrations had a significant effect on the mucus
production rates over a 24 hour exposure. There were also significant
differences between the mucus production rates at different Cu
concentrations (p < 0.05). Thus, mucus is an essential detoxification
mechanism.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to present a multi-objective optimization method to find maximum efficiency kinematics for a flapping wing unmanned aerial vehicle. We restrained our study to rectangular wings with the same profile along the span and to harmonic dihedral motion. It is assumed that the birdlike aerial vehicle (whose span and surface area were fixed respectively to 1m and 0.15m2) is in horizontal mechanically balanced motion at fixed speed. We used two flight physics models to describe the vehicle aerodynamic performances, namely DeLaurier-s model, which has been used in many studies dealing with flapping wings, and the model proposed by Dae-Kwan et al. Then, a constrained multi-objective optimization of the propulsive efficiency is performed using a recent evolutionary multi-objective algorithm called є-MOEA. Firstly, we show that feasible solutions (i.e. solutions that fulfil the imposed constraints) can be obtained using Dae-Kwan et al.-s model. Secondly, we highlight that a single objective optimization approach (weighted sum method for example) can also give optimal solutions as good as the multi-objective one which nevertheless offers the advantage of directly generating the set of the best trade-offs. Finally, we show that the DeLaurier-s model does not yield feasible solutions.
Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the hydrologic cycle and its accurate estimation is essential for hydrological studies. In past, various estimation methods have been developed for different climatological data, and the accuracy of these methods varies with climatic conditions. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key variable in procedures established for estimating evapotranspiration rates of agricultural crops. Values of ET0 are used with crop coefficients for many aspects of irrigation and water resources planning and management. Numerous methods are used for estimating ET0. As per internationally accepted procedures outlined in the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization-s Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56(FAO-56), use of Penman-Monteith equation is recommended for computing ET0 from ground based climatological observations. In the present study, seven methods have been selected for performance evaluation. User friendly software has been developed using programming language visual basic. The visual basic has ability to create graphical environment using less coding. For given data availability the developed software estimates reference evapotranspiration for any given area and period for which data is available. The accuracy of the software has been checked by the examples given in FAO-56.The developed software is a user friendly tool for estimating ET0 under different data availability and climatic conditions.
Abstract: Given bipartite graphs H1 and H2, the bipartite Ramsey number b(H1;H2) is the smallest integer b such that any subgraph G of the complete bipartite graph Kb,b, either G contains a copy of H1 or its complement relative to Kb,b contains a copy of H2. It is known that b(K2,2;K2,2) = 5, b(K2,3;K2,3) = 9, b(K2,4;K2,4) = 14 and b(K3,3;K3,3) = 17. In this paper we study the case that both H1 and H2 are even cycles, prove that b(C2m;C2n) ≥ m + n - 1 for m = n, and b(C2m;C6) = m + 2 for m ≥ 4.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks consist of inexpensive, low power sensor nodes deployed to monitor the environment and collect
data. Gathering information in an energy efficient manner is a critical aspect to prolong the network lifetime. Clustering algorithms have an advantage of enhancing the network lifetime. Current clustering algorithms usually focus on global re-clustering and local re-clustering separately. This paper, proposed a combination of those two reclustering methods to reduce the energy consumption of the network. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can apply to homogeneous as well as heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In addition, the cluster head rotation happens, only when its energy drops below a dynamic threshold value computed by the algorithm. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm prolong the network lifetime compared to existing algorithms.
Abstract: A high-performance Monte Carlo simulation, which
simultaneously takes diffusion-controlled and chain-length-dependent
bimolecular termination reactions into account, is developed to
simulate atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene and nbutyl
acrylate. As expected, increasing initial feed fraction of styrene
raises the fraction of styrene-styrene dyads (fAA) and reduces that of
n-butyl acrylate dyads (fBB). The trend of variation in randomness
parameter (fAB) during the copolymerization also varies significantly.
Also, there is a drift in copolymer heterogeneity and the highest drift
occurs in the initial feeds containing lower percentages of styrene, i.e.
20% and 5%.
Abstract: A technique proposed for the automatic detection
of spikes in electroencephalograms (EEG). A multi-resolution
approach and a non-linear energy operator are exploited. The
signal on each EEG channel is decomposed into three sub bands
using a non-decimated wavelet transform (WT). The WT is a
powerful tool for multi-resolution analysis of non-stationary signal
as well as for signal compression, recognition and restoration.
Each sub band is analyzed by using a non-linear energy operator,
in order to detect spikes. A decision rule detects the presence of
spikes in the EEG, relying upon the energy of the three sub-bands.
The effectiveness of the proposed technique was confirmed by
analyzing both test signals and EEG layouts.
Abstract: Heavy metal transfer in soil profiles is a major
environmental concern because even slow transport through the soil
may eventually lead to deterioration of groundwater quality. The use
of sewage sludge and effluents from wastewater treatment plants for
irrigation of agricultural lands is on the rise particularly in peri-urban
area of developing countries. In this study soil samples under sludge
application and wastewater irrigation were studied and soil samples
were collected in the soil profiles from the surface to 100 cm in
depth. For this purpose, three plots were made in a treatment plant in
south of Tehran-Iran. First plot was irrigated just with effluent from
wastewater treatment plant, second plot with simulated heavy metals
concentration equal 50 years irrigation and in third plot sewage
sludge and effluent was used. Trace metals concentration (Cd, Cu)
were determined for soil samples. The results indicate movement of
metals was observed, but the most concentration of metals was found
in topsoil samples. The most of Cadmium concentration was
measured in the topsoil of plot 3, 4.5mg/kg and Maximum cadmium
movement was observed in 0-20 cm. The most concentration of
copper was 27.76mg/kg, and maximum percolation in 0-20 cm.
Metals (Cd, Cu) were measured in leached water. Preferential flow
and metal complexation with soluble organic apparently allow
leaching of heavy metals.
Abstract: A robust still image face localization algorithm
capable of operating in an unconstrained visual environment is
proposed. First, construction of a robust skin classifier within a
shifted HSV color space is described. Then various filtering
operations are performed to better isolate face candidates and
mitigate the effect of substantial non-skin regions. Finally, a novel
Bhattacharyya-based face detection algorithm is used to compare
candidate regions of interest with a unique illumination-dependent
face model probability distribution function approximation.
Experimental results show a 90% face detection success rate despite
the demands of the visually noisy environment.
Abstract: Novel nitrogen removal technologies via nitrite
pathway attract increasing interest in recent years. In this study,
batch experiments were performed to investigate nitrite accumulation
characteristics and shifts in nitrifying community structure at
different growth environments including ammonia concentration, pH
and alkalinity. It was found that nitrite accumulation ratios were
maintained at around 95% at studied conditions, and the optimum pH
and Alk/N (ratio between alkalinity and nitrogen) for ammonium
oxidization were 8.5 and 8.33, respectively. Fluorescence in situ
hybridization analysis of nitrifying bacteria showed that high free
ammonia (from influent ammonium or caused by high pH)
significantly altered the structure of nitrifying community, leading to
abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), especially
Nitrososmonas, and inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).
The results suggest that free ammonia plays more important role than
other studied conditions on nitrite accumulation.