Design and Analysis of an Automobile Bumper with the Capacity of Energy Release Using GMT Materials
Bumpers play an important role in preventing the
impact energy from being transferred to the automobile and
passengers. Saving the impact energy in the bumper to be released in
the environment reduces the damages of the automobile and
passengers.
The goal of this paper is to design a bumper with minimum weight
by employing the Glass Material Thermoplastic (GMT) materials.
This bumper either absorbs the impact energy with its deformation or
transfers it perpendicular to the impact direction.
To reach this aim, a mechanism is designed to convert about 80%
of the kinetic impact energy to the spring potential energy and
release it to the environment in the low impact velocity according to
American standard1. In addition, since the residual kinetic energy
will be damped with the infinitesimal elastic deformation of the
bumper elements, the passengers will not sense any impact. It should
be noted that in this paper, modeling, solving and result-s analysis
are done in CATIA, LS-DYNA and ANSYS V8.0 software
respectively.
[1] "The Research Requirements of the Transport Sectors to Facilitate an
Increased Usage of Composite Materials" www.compositn.net - Part II
June 2004.
[2] Yuxuan Li. Zhogqin Lin. Aiqin J.Guanlong Chen. "Experimental study
of glass fiber mat thermoplastic material impact properties and
lightweight automobile body analysis" .J Material & Design. Elsevier
2004; 579-585.
[3] Steve Ickes M-Tek, "Development of Low Density Glass Mat
Thermoplastic Composites for Headliner Applications "Inc. Paper No.
2000-01-1129.
[4] "The Rate Influence on Mechanical Properties of GMT" Technical
Information of Quadrant Plastic Composites site.
[5] "Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastics, Processing Guidelines",
Quadrant Plastic Composite AG, GMT Parts, Edition 2.1.
[6] James Crandall and Dinesh Bhutani," Design of a New Bumper Beam
Using Structural Thermoplastic Composite," Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper Series, Paper No. 930542, SAE,
Warrendale, PA, 1993.
[7] Christopher Clark, Peter Bejin, "A Comparison of C-Shaped and I-Type
Cross-Sections for Bumpers Using Compression Molded
Thermoplastics," Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical
Paper Series, Paper No. 940171 SAE, Warrendale, PA 1994.
[8] Walt Bassett, Gerry Battino, "Advanced GMT Technology Boosts
Performance of Automotive Bumper Components," Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper Series, Paper No. 970480,
SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1997.
[9] Cheon, S.S., Choi, J.H., and Lee, D.G., "Development of the composite
bumper beams for passenger cars", Composite Structures, (1995),
32:491-499.
[10] Minaudo, B.P., Rawson, J., and Montone, M, "Development of a onepiece,
injection moulded, thermoplastic rear bumper system with pole
impact protection", (1997), SAE Technical paper 970483.
[11] Clark, C.L., Bals, C.K., and Layson, M.A., "Effects of fibre and property
orientation ÔÇÿC- shaped cross sections", (1991), SAE Technical Paper
910049.
[12] Cheon, S.S., Lim, T.S., and Lee, D.G., "Impact energy absorption
characteristics of glass fiber hybrid composites" Composite Structures,
(1999), 46:267-278.
[13] Gilliard, B., Bassett, W., Haque, E., Lewis, T., Featherman, D., and
Johnson, C., "I-section bumper with improved impact performance from
new mineral-filled glass mat thermoplastic (GMT) composite", (1999),
SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1014.
[14] "Structural Bumper Beams made in GMTexTM" Technical Information ,
Quadrant Plastic Composites site.
[15] "Steel bumper system for passenger cars and light trucks" American
Iron and Steel Institute. Revision no.2 February 15/2003.
[16] Paolo F. Attilio M."Development of carbon /epoxy structural
components for high performance vehicles".J Composite .Elsevier 2004.
[17] Tao XM, Yu TX, Ngan KM, Ko FK. "Energy absorption of cellular
textile composite under quasi-static compression", In: ICCE/4, Hawaii,
USA, July; 1997. p. 981-2.
[18] Yu TX, Tao XM, Wu KQ. "Energy absorption of cellular textile
composite under impact", In: ICCE/4, Hawaii, USA, July; 1997. p.
1099-100.
[19] Yu TX, Tao XM, Xue P. "The energy-absorbing capacity of grid-domed
textile composites", Compos Sci Technol 2000; 60:785-800.
[20] S.W.Lam, X.M.Tao, T.X.Yu "Comparison of different thermoplastic
cellular textile composites on their energy absorption capacity" J
.composite science and technology 64 (2004) 2177-2184.
[21] E.Mahdi, A.M.S.Hamouda, B.B.Sahari,Y.A.Khalid "Experimental
quasi-static axial crushing of cone-tube-cone composite system" J.
composites: part B 34 (2003) 285-302.
[22] A.A.A. Alghmadi "Collapsible impact energy absorbers: an overview" J.
thin-walled structures 39 (2001) 189-213.
[23] "Handbook of composites" edited by S.T. Peters, 2nd ed. London
Chapman and Hall 1998.
[24] "United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (49
CFR), part 581& part 571.208 Bumper Standard.
[25] Ed.Hall "Optimization with the Genetic Algorithm /Direct Search
Toolbox" Research computing support center. [email protected]
[1] "The Research Requirements of the Transport Sectors to Facilitate an
Increased Usage of Composite Materials" www.compositn.net - Part II
June 2004.
[2] Yuxuan Li. Zhogqin Lin. Aiqin J.Guanlong Chen. "Experimental study
of glass fiber mat thermoplastic material impact properties and
lightweight automobile body analysis" .J Material & Design. Elsevier
2004; 579-585.
[3] Steve Ickes M-Tek, "Development of Low Density Glass Mat
Thermoplastic Composites for Headliner Applications "Inc. Paper No.
2000-01-1129.
[4] "The Rate Influence on Mechanical Properties of GMT" Technical
Information of Quadrant Plastic Composites site.
[5] "Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastics, Processing Guidelines",
Quadrant Plastic Composite AG, GMT Parts, Edition 2.1.
[6] James Crandall and Dinesh Bhutani," Design of a New Bumper Beam
Using Structural Thermoplastic Composite," Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper Series, Paper No. 930542, SAE,
Warrendale, PA, 1993.
[7] Christopher Clark, Peter Bejin, "A Comparison of C-Shaped and I-Type
Cross-Sections for Bumpers Using Compression Molded
Thermoplastics," Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical
Paper Series, Paper No. 940171 SAE, Warrendale, PA 1994.
[8] Walt Bassett, Gerry Battino, "Advanced GMT Technology Boosts
Performance of Automotive Bumper Components," Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper Series, Paper No. 970480,
SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1997.
[9] Cheon, S.S., Choi, J.H., and Lee, D.G., "Development of the composite
bumper beams for passenger cars", Composite Structures, (1995),
32:491-499.
[10] Minaudo, B.P., Rawson, J., and Montone, M, "Development of a onepiece,
injection moulded, thermoplastic rear bumper system with pole
impact protection", (1997), SAE Technical paper 970483.
[11] Clark, C.L., Bals, C.K., and Layson, M.A., "Effects of fibre and property
orientation ÔÇÿC- shaped cross sections", (1991), SAE Technical Paper
910049.
[12] Cheon, S.S., Lim, T.S., and Lee, D.G., "Impact energy absorption
characteristics of glass fiber hybrid composites" Composite Structures,
(1999), 46:267-278.
[13] Gilliard, B., Bassett, W., Haque, E., Lewis, T., Featherman, D., and
Johnson, C., "I-section bumper with improved impact performance from
new mineral-filled glass mat thermoplastic (GMT) composite", (1999),
SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1014.
[14] "Structural Bumper Beams made in GMTexTM" Technical Information ,
Quadrant Plastic Composites site.
[15] "Steel bumper system for passenger cars and light trucks" American
Iron and Steel Institute. Revision no.2 February 15/2003.
[16] Paolo F. Attilio M."Development of carbon /epoxy structural
components for high performance vehicles".J Composite .Elsevier 2004.
[17] Tao XM, Yu TX, Ngan KM, Ko FK. "Energy absorption of cellular
textile composite under quasi-static compression", In: ICCE/4, Hawaii,
USA, July; 1997. p. 981-2.
[18] Yu TX, Tao XM, Wu KQ. "Energy absorption of cellular textile
composite under impact", In: ICCE/4, Hawaii, USA, July; 1997. p.
1099-100.
[19] Yu TX, Tao XM, Xue P. "The energy-absorbing capacity of grid-domed
textile composites", Compos Sci Technol 2000; 60:785-800.
[20] S.W.Lam, X.M.Tao, T.X.Yu "Comparison of different thermoplastic
cellular textile composites on their energy absorption capacity" J
.composite science and technology 64 (2004) 2177-2184.
[21] E.Mahdi, A.M.S.Hamouda, B.B.Sahari,Y.A.Khalid "Experimental
quasi-static axial crushing of cone-tube-cone composite system" J.
composites: part B 34 (2003) 285-302.
[22] A.A.A. Alghmadi "Collapsible impact energy absorbers: an overview" J.
thin-walled structures 39 (2001) 189-213.
[23] "Handbook of composites" edited by S.T. Peters, 2nd ed. London
Chapman and Hall 1998.
[24] "United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (49
CFR), part 581& part 571.208 Bumper Standard.
[25] Ed.Hall "Optimization with the Genetic Algorithm /Direct Search
Toolbox" Research computing support center. [email protected]
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:63766", author = "A.R. Mortazavi Moghaddam and M. T. Ahmadian", title = "Design and Analysis of an Automobile Bumper with the Capacity of Energy Release Using GMT Materials", abstract = "Bumpers play an important role in preventing the
impact energy from being transferred to the automobile and
passengers. Saving the impact energy in the bumper to be released in
the environment reduces the damages of the automobile and
passengers.
The goal of this paper is to design a bumper with minimum weight
by employing the Glass Material Thermoplastic (GMT) materials.
This bumper either absorbs the impact energy with its deformation or
transfers it perpendicular to the impact direction.
To reach this aim, a mechanism is designed to convert about 80%
of the kinetic impact energy to the spring potential energy and
release it to the environment in the low impact velocity according to
American standard1. In addition, since the residual kinetic energy
will be damped with the infinitesimal elastic deformation of the
bumper elements, the passengers will not sense any impact. It should
be noted that in this paper, modeling, solving and result-s analysis
are done in CATIA, LS-DYNA and ANSYS V8.0 software
respectively.", keywords = "Bumper, Composite material, Energy Release,GMT, Impact", volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "864-8", }