The Effects of Electromagnetic Stirring on Microstructure and Properties of γ-TiAl Based Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Technique
The γ-TiAl based Ti-Al-Mn-Nb alloys were fabricated
by selective laser melting (SLM) on the TC4 substrate. The
microstructures of the alloys were investigated in detail. The results
reveal that the alloy without electromagnetic stirring (EMS) consists
of γ-TiAl phase with tetragonal structure and α2-Ti3Al phase
with hcp structure, while the alloy with applied EMS consists of
γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al and α-Ti with hcp structure, and the morphological
structure of the alloy without EMS which exhibits near lamellar
structure and the alloy with EMS shows duplex structure, the alloy
without EMS shows some microcracks and pores while they are not
observed in the alloy without EMS. The microhardness and wear
resistance values decrease with applied EMS.
[1] D. Srivastava, Microstructural characterization of the γ-TiAl alloy
samples fabricated by direct laser fabrication rapid prototype technique.
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2002, p. 619-633.
[2] D. Srivastava,I. Chang, and M. Loretto The effect of process parameters
and heat treatment on the microstructure of direct laser fabricated TiAl
alloy samples. Intermetallics, 2001, p. 1003-1013.
[3] D. Srivastava, et al. The influence of thermal processing route on the
microstructure of some TiAl-based alloys. Intermetallics, 1999, p.
1107-1112.
[4] H.P. Qu, et al. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and
mechanical property of laser melting deposition γ-TiAl intermetallic
alloys. Materials and Design, 2010, p. 2201-2210.
[5] A. Menand, H. Zapolsky-Tatarenko,and A. Nrac-Partaix. Atom-probe
investigations of TiAl alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A,
1998, p. 55-64.
[6] S.Z. Zhang, et al. Microstructure and tensile properties of hot fogred high
Nb containing TiAl based alloy with initial near lamellar microstructure.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015, p. 16-21.
[7] C. Kenel, et al. MSelective laser melting of an oxide dispersion
strengthened (ODS) γ-TiAl alloy towards production of complex
structures. Materials and Design, 2017.
[8] X.P. Li, J.V. Humbeeck, and J.P. Kruth. Selective laser melting of
weak-textured commercially pure titanium with high strength and
ductility: A study from laser power perspective. Materials and Design,
2017, p. 352-358.
[9] W. Li, et al. SEffect of laser scanning speed on a Ti-45Al-2Cr-5Nb
alloy processed by selective laser melting: Microstructure, phase and
mechanical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, p.
626-636.
[10] G. Yang, et al. Microstructures of as-Fabricated and Post Heat
Treated Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr Alloy Produced by Selective Electron Beam
Melting(SEBM). Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016. [11] M. Thomas, et al. The prospects for additive manufacturing of bulk TiAl
alloy. High Temperature Technology, 2016, p. 571-577.
[12] J. Gussone, et al. Microstructure of γ-titanium aluminide processed by
selective laser melting at elevated temperatures. Intermetallics, 2015, p.
133-140.
[13] L. Lober, et al. Selective laser melting of a beta-solidifying TNM-B1
titanium aluminide alloy. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,
2014, p. 1852-1860.
[14] Y.Z. Zhao, et al. Microstructural evolution of hot-forged high Nb
containing TiAl alloy during high temperature tension. Materials Science
and Engineering ,2016,p.116-121.
[15] E.T. Zhao, et al. Microstructural control and mechanical properties of
a β-solidified γ-TiAl alloy Ti-46Al-2Nb-1.5V-1Mo-Y. Materials Science
and sengineering:A, 2017, p. 1-6.
[16] H. Jabbar, et al. Microstructures and deformation mechanisms of a G4
TiAl alloy produced by spark plasma sintering. Acta Materialia, 2011,
p. 7574-7585.
[17] F. Appel, J.D.H. Paul, and M. Oehring. Gamma Titanium Aluminide
Alloys (Science and Technology) Applications, Component Assessment,
and Outlook. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, 2010.
[18] M.F. Zaeh, and G. Branner. Investigations on residual stresses and
deformations in selective laser melting. Production Engineering.2010,
P. 35-45.
[19] B. Vrancken, et al. Residual stress via the contour method in
compact tension specimens produced via selective laser melting. Scripta
Materialia. 87, p. 29-32.
[20] B. L. Van Belle, G. Vansteenkiste, and J.C. Boyer. Investigation of
residual stresses induced during the selective laser melting process.
Trans Tech Publ. 2013.
[21] P. Mercelis and J.P. Kruth. Residual stresses in selective laser sintering
and selective laser melting. Rapid prototyping journal. 2006, P. 254-265.
[22] J. H Matthew,et al. Effect of electromagnetic stirring on grain refinement
of Al-(4.5%)Cu alloy. Thesis submitted to the University of Alabama.
2013.
[1] D. Srivastava, Microstructural characterization of the γ-TiAl alloy
samples fabricated by direct laser fabrication rapid prototype technique.
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2002, p. 619-633.
[2] D. Srivastava,I. Chang, and M. Loretto The effect of process parameters
and heat treatment on the microstructure of direct laser fabricated TiAl
alloy samples. Intermetallics, 2001, p. 1003-1013.
[3] D. Srivastava, et al. The influence of thermal processing route on the
microstructure of some TiAl-based alloys. Intermetallics, 1999, p.
1107-1112.
[4] H.P. Qu, et al. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and
mechanical property of laser melting deposition γ-TiAl intermetallic
alloys. Materials and Design, 2010, p. 2201-2210.
[5] A. Menand, H. Zapolsky-Tatarenko,and A. Nrac-Partaix. Atom-probe
investigations of TiAl alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A,
1998, p. 55-64.
[6] S.Z. Zhang, et al. Microstructure and tensile properties of hot fogred high
Nb containing TiAl based alloy with initial near lamellar microstructure.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015, p. 16-21.
[7] C. Kenel, et al. MSelective laser melting of an oxide dispersion
strengthened (ODS) γ-TiAl alloy towards production of complex
structures. Materials and Design, 2017.
[8] X.P. Li, J.V. Humbeeck, and J.P. Kruth. Selective laser melting of
weak-textured commercially pure titanium with high strength and
ductility: A study from laser power perspective. Materials and Design,
2017, p. 352-358.
[9] W. Li, et al. SEffect of laser scanning speed on a Ti-45Al-2Cr-5Nb
alloy processed by selective laser melting: Microstructure, phase and
mechanical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, p.
626-636.
[10] G. Yang, et al. Microstructures of as-Fabricated and Post Heat
Treated Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr Alloy Produced by Selective Electron Beam
Melting(SEBM). Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016. [11] M. Thomas, et al. The prospects for additive manufacturing of bulk TiAl
alloy. High Temperature Technology, 2016, p. 571-577.
[12] J. Gussone, et al. Microstructure of γ-titanium aluminide processed by
selective laser melting at elevated temperatures. Intermetallics, 2015, p.
133-140.
[13] L. Lober, et al. Selective laser melting of a beta-solidifying TNM-B1
titanium aluminide alloy. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,
2014, p. 1852-1860.
[14] Y.Z. Zhao, et al. Microstructural evolution of hot-forged high Nb
containing TiAl alloy during high temperature tension. Materials Science
and Engineering ,2016,p.116-121.
[15] E.T. Zhao, et al. Microstructural control and mechanical properties of
a β-solidified γ-TiAl alloy Ti-46Al-2Nb-1.5V-1Mo-Y. Materials Science
and sengineering:A, 2017, p. 1-6.
[16] H. Jabbar, et al. Microstructures and deformation mechanisms of a G4
TiAl alloy produced by spark plasma sintering. Acta Materialia, 2011,
p. 7574-7585.
[17] F. Appel, J.D.H. Paul, and M. Oehring. Gamma Titanium Aluminide
Alloys (Science and Technology) Applications, Component Assessment,
and Outlook. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, 2010.
[18] M.F. Zaeh, and G. Branner. Investigations on residual stresses and
deformations in selective laser melting. Production Engineering.2010,
P. 35-45.
[19] B. Vrancken, et al. Residual stress via the contour method in
compact tension specimens produced via selective laser melting. Scripta
Materialia. 87, p. 29-32.
[20] B. L. Van Belle, G. Vansteenkiste, and J.C. Boyer. Investigation of
residual stresses induced during the selective laser melting process.
Trans Tech Publ. 2013.
[21] P. Mercelis and J.P. Kruth. Residual stresses in selective laser sintering
and selective laser melting. Rapid prototyping journal. 2006, P. 254-265.
[22] J. H Matthew,et al. Effect of electromagnetic stirring on grain refinement
of Al-(4.5%)Cu alloy. Thesis submitted to the University of Alabama.
2013.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:79523", author = "A. Ismaeel and C. S. Wang and D. S. Xu", title = "The Effects of Electromagnetic Stirring on Microstructure and Properties of γ-TiAl Based Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Technique", abstract = "The γ-TiAl based Ti-Al-Mn-Nb alloys were fabricated
by selective laser melting (SLM) on the TC4 substrate. The
microstructures of the alloys were investigated in detail. The results
reveal that the alloy without electromagnetic stirring (EMS) consists
of γ-TiAl phase with tetragonal structure and α2-Ti3Al phase
with hcp structure, while the alloy with applied EMS consists of
γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al and α-Ti with hcp structure, and the morphological
structure of the alloy without EMS which exhibits near lamellar
structure and the alloy with EMS shows duplex structure, the alloy
without EMS shows some microcracks and pores while they are not
observed in the alloy without EMS. The microhardness and wear
resistance values decrease with applied EMS.", keywords = "Selective laser melting, γ-TiAl based alloys,
microstructure, properties, electromagnetic stirring.", volume = "14", number = "3", pages = "120-6", }
