Temporary Housing Respond to Disasters in Developing Countries- Case Study: Iran-Ardabil and Lorestan Province Earthquakes
Natural Disasters have always occurred through earth life. As human life developed on earth, he faced with different disasters. Since disasters would destroy his living areas and ruin his life, he learned how to respond and overcome to these matters. Nowadays, in the era of industrialized world and informatics, the man kind seeks for stages and classification of pre and post disaster process in order to identify a framework in these circumstances. Because too many parameters complicate these frameworks and proceedings, it seems that this goal has not been properly established yet and the only resource is guidelines of UNDRO (1982) [1]. This paper will discuss about temporary housing as one of an approved stage in disaster management field and investigate the affects of disapproval or dismissal of this at two earthquakes which took place in Iran.
[1] UNDRO, Shelter after Disaster- Guidelines for Assistance, New York,
United Nations, 1982.
[2] S. Ellis, S. Barakat, "An Evaluation of Shelter Projects and Policies for
Refugees and Displaced Persons," Emergency Management Training,
1996.
[3] Habitat, International workshop on: Human Settlements and
Environment, Strategies for Action in the Continuum From Relief to
Development, United Nations Center for Human Settlements, United
Nations Environment Programme, 25027 April 1994.
[4] OCHA/ESB/2006/6, Exploring Key Changes and Developments in Post-
Disaster Settlement, Shelter and Housing, 1982-2006, Scoping Study to
inform the Revision of "Shelter after Disaster: Guidelines for
Assistance", UNITED NATIONS, 2006.
[5] A. Chalinder, Temporary Human Settlement Planning for Displaced
Populations in Emergencies, Good Practice Review, RPN, Overseas
Development Institute, UK, 1998.
[6] F. Cuny, "Disasters and Development," United States of America:
Oxford university Press, 1983.
[7] T. Corsellis & A. Vitale, Transitional Settlement, Displaced populations,
University of Cambridge, Shelter Project, Shelter Centre, Oxfam, 2005.
[8] I. Davis, Shelter after Disaster, Oxford polytechnic Press, Oxford, 1978.
[9] C. Jonson, "Impact of prefabricated temporary housing after disasters:
1999 earthquakes in Turkey", Habitat International, 2006, online 05 June
2006.
[10] C. Jonson, "Strategic Planning for the post-disaster Temporary
Housing", Disasters, ?.
[11] The Red Cross World Disaster Report, 2001.
[12] IFRC, In world Disasters Report 2001, IFRC, Geneva, 2001.
[13] E.L. Quarantelli, ?, 1995.
[14] National Report of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on Disaster Reduction,
World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18th-
22nd January 2005.
[15] Preliminary Earthquake Reconnaissance Report on the June 22, 2002
Changureh (Avaj), Iran Earthquake, International Institute of Earthquake
Engineering and Seismology. Url Link:
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Iran6-22-02/,
2002-07-19, Retrieved December 30, 2008 (accessed on 4 Ap. 2010).
[16] Data Gather from these Url Links: (accessed on 4 Ap. 2010) EM-DAT:
The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database- www.emdat.be,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium);
http://www.emergency-management.net/iran_di.htm
http://www.poetpatriot.com/timeline/tmlndisearthqk.htm (accessed on 4
Ap. 2010).
[17] This search was done on 2010/04/05 16:03
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology
Source: The International Disaster Database, available at the Center for
Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, http://www.emdat.be/
(accessed 12/22/2009).
[18] http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenForm
[19] Earthquake in Iran: helping survivors rebuild their lives, January 29,
2004, Canadian Red Cross report www.redcross.ca (accessed on 4 Ap.
2010).
[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Ardabil_earthquake#cite_note-cnn-
0#cite_note-cnn-0 (accessed on 4 Ap. 2010).
[21] Lessons Learnt from Response to Lorestan Earthquake and Past
Recovery Programmes in I. R. Iran, workshop, Organized by Lorestan
Governor General Office, Natural Disaster Task Force (NDTF), United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) UN Office for the
Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), Venue Borujerd,
Hotel Zagros, Lorestan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran, 27-28 June
2006.
[22] Babak Omidvar, Reza Qasmi, Hossein Zafari, "Temporay Shelter in
Lorestan Earthquake", SOFFEH, NO. 45, Architectural Science &
Research, The Journal of the school of Architecture & urban Planning
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Fall & Winter 2008, pp. 38-
53.
[1] UNDRO, Shelter after Disaster- Guidelines for Assistance, New York,
United Nations, 1982.
[2] S. Ellis, S. Barakat, "An Evaluation of Shelter Projects and Policies for
Refugees and Displaced Persons," Emergency Management Training,
1996.
[3] Habitat, International workshop on: Human Settlements and
Environment, Strategies for Action in the Continuum From Relief to
Development, United Nations Center for Human Settlements, United
Nations Environment Programme, 25027 April 1994.
[4] OCHA/ESB/2006/6, Exploring Key Changes and Developments in Post-
Disaster Settlement, Shelter and Housing, 1982-2006, Scoping Study to
inform the Revision of "Shelter after Disaster: Guidelines for
Assistance", UNITED NATIONS, 2006.
[5] A. Chalinder, Temporary Human Settlement Planning for Displaced
Populations in Emergencies, Good Practice Review, RPN, Overseas
Development Institute, UK, 1998.
[6] F. Cuny, "Disasters and Development," United States of America:
Oxford university Press, 1983.
[7] T. Corsellis & A. Vitale, Transitional Settlement, Displaced populations,
University of Cambridge, Shelter Project, Shelter Centre, Oxfam, 2005.
[8] I. Davis, Shelter after Disaster, Oxford polytechnic Press, Oxford, 1978.
[9] C. Jonson, "Impact of prefabricated temporary housing after disasters:
1999 earthquakes in Turkey", Habitat International, 2006, online 05 June
2006.
[10] C. Jonson, "Strategic Planning for the post-disaster Temporary
Housing", Disasters, ?.
[11] The Red Cross World Disaster Report, 2001.
[12] IFRC, In world Disasters Report 2001, IFRC, Geneva, 2001.
[13] E.L. Quarantelli, ?, 1995.
[14] National Report of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on Disaster Reduction,
World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18th-
22nd January 2005.
[15] Preliminary Earthquake Reconnaissance Report on the June 22, 2002
Changureh (Avaj), Iran Earthquake, International Institute of Earthquake
Engineering and Seismology. Url Link:
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Iran6-22-02/,
2002-07-19, Retrieved December 30, 2008 (accessed on 4 Ap. 2010).
[16] Data Gather from these Url Links: (accessed on 4 Ap. 2010) EM-DAT:
The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database- www.emdat.be,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium);
http://www.emergency-management.net/iran_di.htm
http://www.poetpatriot.com/timeline/tmlndisearthqk.htm (accessed on 4
Ap. 2010).
[17] This search was done on 2010/04/05 16:03
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology
Source: The International Disaster Database, available at the Center for
Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, http://www.emdat.be/
(accessed 12/22/2009).
[18] http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenForm
[19] Earthquake in Iran: helping survivors rebuild their lives, January 29,
2004, Canadian Red Cross report www.redcross.ca (accessed on 4 Ap.
2010).
[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Ardabil_earthquake#cite_note-cnn-
0#cite_note-cnn-0 (accessed on 4 Ap. 2010).
[21] Lessons Learnt from Response to Lorestan Earthquake and Past
Recovery Programmes in I. R. Iran, workshop, Organized by Lorestan
Governor General Office, Natural Disaster Task Force (NDTF), United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) UN Office for the
Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), Venue Borujerd,
Hotel Zagros, Lorestan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran, 27-28 June
2006.
[22] Babak Omidvar, Reza Qasmi, Hossein Zafari, "Temporay Shelter in
Lorestan Earthquake", SOFFEH, NO. 45, Architectural Science &
Research, The Journal of the school of Architecture & urban Planning
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Fall & Winter 2008, pp. 38-
53.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:59058", author = "Farzaneh Hadafi and Alireza Fallahi", title = "Temporary Housing Respond to Disasters in Developing Countries- Case Study: Iran-Ardabil and Lorestan Province Earthquakes", abstract = "Natural Disasters have always occurred through earth life. As human life developed on earth, he faced with different disasters. Since disasters would destroy his living areas and ruin his life, he learned how to respond and overcome to these matters. Nowadays, in the era of industrialized world and informatics, the man kind seeks for stages and classification of pre and post disaster process in order to identify a framework in these circumstances. Because too many parameters complicate these frameworks and proceedings, it seems that this goal has not been properly established yet and the only resource is guidelines of UNDRO (1982) [1]. This paper will discuss about temporary housing as one of an approved stage in disaster management field and investigate the affects of disapproval or dismissal of this at two earthquakes which took place in Iran.
", keywords = "Temporary Housing, Temporary Sheltering, DisasterManagement, Iran", volume = "4", number = "6", pages = "1182-7", }
