This work presents the experimental results obtained
at a pilot plant which works with a slow, wet and catalytic pyrolysis
process of dry fowl manure. This kind of process mainly consists in
the cracking of the organic matrix and in the following reaction of
carbon with water, which is either already contained in the organic
feed or added, to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Reactions
are conducted in a rotating reactor maintained at a temperature of
500°C; the required amount of water is about 30% of the dry organic
feed. This operation yields a gas containing about 59% (on a volume
basis) of hydrogen, 17% of carbon monoxide and other products such
as light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane) and carbon
monoxide in lesser amounts. The gas coming from the reactor can be
used to produce not only electricity, through internal combustion
engines, but also heat, through direct combustion in industrial
boilers. Furthermore, as the produced gas is devoid of both solid
particles and pollutant species (such as dioxins and furans), the
process (in this case applied to fowl manure) can be considered as an
optimal way for the disposal and the contemporary energetic
valorization of organic materials, in such a way that is not damaging
to the environment.
[1] I. Ahmed, and A. K. Gupta, "Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam
gasification of paper," Appl. Energy, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 1813-1821, Sep.
2009.
[2] P. Bhattacharya, P. H. Steele, E. B. M. Hassan, B. Mitchell, L. Ingram,
and C. U. Pittman, "Wood/plastic copyrolysis in an auger reactor:
chemical and physical analysis of the products," Fuel, vol. 88, no. 7, pp.
1251-1260, Jul. 2009.
[3] I. Demiral, and S. ┼×ensöz, "The effects of different catalysts on the
pyrolysis of industrial wastes (olive and hazelnut bagasse)," Bioresour.
Technol., vol. 99, no. 17, pp. 8002-8007, Nov. 2008.
[4] S. Ucar, and A. R. Ozkan, "Characterization of products from the
pyrolysis of rapeseed oil cake," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, no. 18, pp.
8771-8776, Dec. 2008.
[5] D. Mohan, C. U. Pittman, and P. H. Steele, "Pyrolysis of wood/biomass
for bio-oil: a critical review," Energy Fuels, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 848-889,
May 2006.
[6] R. Carta, M. Cruccu, F. Desogus, and L. Sanna, "Pirolisi lenta, umida e
catalitica di rifiuti solidi urbani con produzione di energia elettrica e
calore," in Atti dei Convegni Lincei, vol. 258, Rome: Scienze e Lettere
Editore Commerciale, 2010, pp. 137-141.
[7] M. Cruccu, "Produzione di energia elettrica e vapore dalle biomasse
agricole" Frutticoltura Notizie, Italy, 1997.
[8] M. Cruccu, "Ecco il kenaf" Sardegna Agricoltura, Italy, 2000.
[9] R. Carta, M. Cruccu, and F. Desogus, "Economic analysis of processes
to perform electric generation from biomass" Int. Rev. Chem. Eng., vol.
4, no. 3, pp. 269-273, May 2012.
[10] J. Lehmann, and M. Rondon, Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil
Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2006.
[1] I. Ahmed, and A. K. Gupta, "Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam
gasification of paper," Appl. Energy, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 1813-1821, Sep.
2009.
[2] P. Bhattacharya, P. H. Steele, E. B. M. Hassan, B. Mitchell, L. Ingram,
and C. U. Pittman, "Wood/plastic copyrolysis in an auger reactor:
chemical and physical analysis of the products," Fuel, vol. 88, no. 7, pp.
1251-1260, Jul. 2009.
[3] I. Demiral, and S. ┼×ensöz, "The effects of different catalysts on the
pyrolysis of industrial wastes (olive and hazelnut bagasse)," Bioresour.
Technol., vol. 99, no. 17, pp. 8002-8007, Nov. 2008.
[4] S. Ucar, and A. R. Ozkan, "Characterization of products from the
pyrolysis of rapeseed oil cake," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, no. 18, pp.
8771-8776, Dec. 2008.
[5] D. Mohan, C. U. Pittman, and P. H. Steele, "Pyrolysis of wood/biomass
for bio-oil: a critical review," Energy Fuels, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 848-889,
May 2006.
[6] R. Carta, M. Cruccu, F. Desogus, and L. Sanna, "Pirolisi lenta, umida e
catalitica di rifiuti solidi urbani con produzione di energia elettrica e
calore," in Atti dei Convegni Lincei, vol. 258, Rome: Scienze e Lettere
Editore Commerciale, 2010, pp. 137-141.
[7] M. Cruccu, "Produzione di energia elettrica e vapore dalle biomasse
agricole" Frutticoltura Notizie, Italy, 1997.
[8] M. Cruccu, "Ecco il kenaf" Sardegna Agricoltura, Italy, 2000.
[9] R. Carta, M. Cruccu, and F. Desogus, "Economic analysis of processes
to perform electric generation from biomass" Int. Rev. Chem. Eng., vol.
4, no. 3, pp. 269-273, May 2012.
[10] J. Lehmann, and M. Rondon, Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil
Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:59282", author = "Renzo Carta and Mario Cruccu and Francesco Desogus", title = "Slow, Wet and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Fowl Manure", abstract = "This work presents the experimental results obtained
at a pilot plant which works with a slow, wet and catalytic pyrolysis
process of dry fowl manure. This kind of process mainly consists in
the cracking of the organic matrix and in the following reaction of
carbon with water, which is either already contained in the organic
feed or added, to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Reactions
are conducted in a rotating reactor maintained at a temperature of
500°C; the required amount of water is about 30% of the dry organic
feed. This operation yields a gas containing about 59% (on a volume
basis) of hydrogen, 17% of carbon monoxide and other products such
as light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane) and carbon
monoxide in lesser amounts. The gas coming from the reactor can be
used to produce not only electricity, through internal combustion
engines, but also heat, through direct combustion in industrial
boilers. Furthermore, as the produced gas is devoid of both solid
particles and pollutant species (such as dioxins and furans), the
process (in this case applied to fowl manure) can be considered as an
optimal way for the disposal and the contemporary energetic
valorization of organic materials, in such a way that is not damaging
to the environment.", keywords = "Brushwood, fowl manure, kenaf, pilot plant,
pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas.", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "783-4", }