Optimum Time Coordination of Overcurrent Relays using Two Phase Simplex Method
Overcurrent (OC) relays are the major protection
devices in a distribution system. The operating time of the OC relays
are to be coordinated properly to avoid the mal-operation of the
backup relays. The OC relay time coordination in ring fed
distribution networks is a highly constrained optimization problem
which can be stated as a linear programming problem (LPP). The
purpose is to find an optimum relay setting to minimize the time of
operation of relays and at the same time, to keep the relays properly
coordinated to avoid the mal-operation of relays.
This paper presents two phase simplex method for optimum time
coordination of OC relays. The method is based on the simplex
algorithm which is used to find optimum solution of LPP. The
method introduces artificial variables to get an initial basic feasible
solution (IBFS). Artificial variables are removed using iterative
process of first phase which minimizes the auxiliary objective
function. The second phase minimizes the original objective function
and gives the optimum time coordination of OC relays.
[1] Y.G.Paithankar, and S.R. Bhide, "Fundamentals of Power System
Protection", Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2007.
[2] B.Ravindranath, and M. Chander, "Power SystemProtection and
Switchgear", New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi,
2006.
[3] C.R.Mason, "The Art and Science of Protective Relaying", John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1956.
[4] A.R.C.Van Warrington, Protective Relays, Their Theory and Practice",
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1969.
[5] A.J. Urdaneta, Nadira Ramon, and Luis G.P. Jimenez, "Optimal
Coordination of Directional Relays in Interconnected Power System",
IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol 3, No. 3, July 1988, pp. 903-911.
[6] P.P. Bedekar, S.R. Bhide, and V.S. Kale, "Coordination of Overcurrent
Relays in Distribution System using Linear Programming Technique",
Proceedings of the International Conference on Control Automation
Communication and Energy Conservation (INCACEC-2009), Kongu
Engineering College, Erode (India), June 2009, pp. 905-908.
[7] H. Zeienldin, El-Saadany and M.A. Salama, "A Novel Problem
Formulation for Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination," Large
Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering 2004
(LESCOPE-04), 2004, pp. 48-52.
[8] A.J. Urdaneta, H. Restrepo, S. Marquez, and J. Sanchez, "Coordination
of Directional Relay Timing using Linear Programming", IEEE Trans.
on Power Delivery, Vol 11, Jan 1996, pp. 122-129.
[9] B. Chattopadhyay, M.S. Sachdev, and T.S. Sidhu, "An Online Relay
Coordination algorithm for Adaptive Protection using Linear
Programming Technique", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol 11, Jan
1996, pp. 165-173.
[10] H.A. Abhyaneh, M. Al-Dabbagh, H.K. Karegar, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and
R.A.J. Khan, "A New Optimal Approach for Coordination of
Directional Overcurrent Relays in Interconnected Power System", IEEE
Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol 18, April 2003, pp. 430-435.
[11] S.A. Soman, Lectures on Power System Protection (Availablewww.
cdeep.iitb.ac.in/NPTEL online), module 5, lecture 19. Last
accessed on Dec 25, 2009.
[12] C.W. So, and K.K.Li, "Overcurrent Relay Coordination by
Evolutionary Programming", Electric Power System Research, Vol 53,
2000, pp. 83-90.
[13] S.S. Rao, Engineering Optimization - Theory and Practice, 3rd edition,
New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p. 152-164, (1998).
[14] Taha H., Operations Research - An Introduction, eighth edition, Dorling
Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, p. 85-95, (2009).
[15] Winston W.L., Operations Research - Applications and Algorithms,
fourth edition, Thomson Learning Inc., p. 140-151, (2007).
[16] Sharma J.K., Operations Research - Theory and Applications, Third
edition, Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi, p. 131-160, (2009).
[17] P. Sankara Iyer, "Operations Research", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
[1] Y.G.Paithankar, and S.R. Bhide, "Fundamentals of Power System
Protection", Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2007.
[2] B.Ravindranath, and M. Chander, "Power SystemProtection and
Switchgear", New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi,
2006.
[3] C.R.Mason, "The Art and Science of Protective Relaying", John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1956.
[4] A.R.C.Van Warrington, Protective Relays, Their Theory and Practice",
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1969.
[5] A.J. Urdaneta, Nadira Ramon, and Luis G.P. Jimenez, "Optimal
Coordination of Directional Relays in Interconnected Power System",
IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol 3, No. 3, July 1988, pp. 903-911.
[6] P.P. Bedekar, S.R. Bhide, and V.S. Kale, "Coordination of Overcurrent
Relays in Distribution System using Linear Programming Technique",
Proceedings of the International Conference on Control Automation
Communication and Energy Conservation (INCACEC-2009), Kongu
Engineering College, Erode (India), June 2009, pp. 905-908.
[7] H. Zeienldin, El-Saadany and M.A. Salama, "A Novel Problem
Formulation for Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination," Large
Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering 2004
(LESCOPE-04), 2004, pp. 48-52.
[8] A.J. Urdaneta, H. Restrepo, S. Marquez, and J. Sanchez, "Coordination
of Directional Relay Timing using Linear Programming", IEEE Trans.
on Power Delivery, Vol 11, Jan 1996, pp. 122-129.
[9] B. Chattopadhyay, M.S. Sachdev, and T.S. Sidhu, "An Online Relay
Coordination algorithm for Adaptive Protection using Linear
Programming Technique", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol 11, Jan
1996, pp. 165-173.
[10] H.A. Abhyaneh, M. Al-Dabbagh, H.K. Karegar, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and
R.A.J. Khan, "A New Optimal Approach for Coordination of
Directional Overcurrent Relays in Interconnected Power System", IEEE
Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol 18, April 2003, pp. 430-435.
[11] S.A. Soman, Lectures on Power System Protection (Availablewww.
cdeep.iitb.ac.in/NPTEL online), module 5, lecture 19. Last
accessed on Dec 25, 2009.
[12] C.W. So, and K.K.Li, "Overcurrent Relay Coordination by
Evolutionary Programming", Electric Power System Research, Vol 53,
2000, pp. 83-90.
[13] S.S. Rao, Engineering Optimization - Theory and Practice, 3rd edition,
New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p. 152-164, (1998).
[14] Taha H., Operations Research - An Introduction, eighth edition, Dorling
Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, p. 85-95, (2009).
[15] Winston W.L., Operations Research - Applications and Algorithms,
fourth edition, Thomson Learning Inc., p. 140-151, (2007).
[16] Sharma J.K., Operations Research - Theory and Applications, Third
edition, Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi, p. 131-160, (2009).
[17] P. Sankara Iyer, "Operations Research", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:52227", author = "Prashant P. Bedekar and Sudhir R. Bhide and Vijay S. Kale", title = "Optimum Time Coordination of Overcurrent Relays using Two Phase Simplex Method", abstract = "Overcurrent (OC) relays are the major protection
devices in a distribution system. The operating time of the OC relays
are to be coordinated properly to avoid the mal-operation of the
backup relays. The OC relay time coordination in ring fed
distribution networks is a highly constrained optimization problem
which can be stated as a linear programming problem (LPP). The
purpose is to find an optimum relay setting to minimize the time of
operation of relays and at the same time, to keep the relays properly
coordinated to avoid the mal-operation of relays.
This paper presents two phase simplex method for optimum time
coordination of OC relays. The method is based on the simplex
algorithm which is used to find optimum solution of LPP. The
method introduces artificial variables to get an initial basic feasible
solution (IBFS). Artificial variables are removed using iterative
process of first phase which minimizes the auxiliary objective
function. The second phase minimizes the original objective function
and gives the optimum time coordination of OC relays.", keywords = "Constrained optimization, LPP, Overcurrent relaycoordination, Two-phase simplex method.", volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "649-5", }