Optimal Planning of Ground Grid Based on Particle Swam Algorithm
This paper presents an application of particle swarm
optimization (PSO) to the grounding grid planning which compares to
the application of genetic algorithm (GA). Firstly, based on IEEE
Std.80, the cost function of the grounding grid and the constraints of
ground potential rise, step voltage and touch voltage are constructed
for formulating the optimization problem of grounding grid planning.
Secondly, GA and PSO algorithms for obtaining optimal solution of
grounding grid are developed. Finally, a case of grounding grid
planning is shown the superiority and availability of the PSO
algorithm and proposal planning results of grounding grid in cost and
computational time.
[1] F. Dawalibi and D. Mukhedkar, "Parametirc Analysis of Grounding
Grids," IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-98, No.5, pp. 1659-1668,
Sep./Oct. 1979.
[2] J. G. Sverak, "Optimized grounding grid design using variable spacing
technique," IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-95, No.1, pp. 362-374,
Jan./Feb. 1976.
[3] R. Giordano, D.A. Mark, C.J. Rotkowski, B. Schall and K.O. Sommer,
"Computer Assisted Design of Substation Grounding," IEEE Trans. on
PAS, Vol. PAS-104, No.7, pp. 1864-1867,Jul.1985
[4] ANSI/IEEE Std. 80, "IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation
Grounding," by IEEE Society, New York 2000
[5] Holland, J.H., Adaptation in Natural Artificial System, Ann Arbor, the
University of Michigan Press, 1975.
[6] Michael. Negnevitsky, Artificial Intelligence: A Guide to Intelligent
Systems, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts, 2005.
[7] Goldberg, D.E., Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine
Learning, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts, 1989.
[8] L. Davis, Handbook on Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, 1991.
[9] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proc. IEEE
Int. Conf. Neural Networks, 1995, pp.1942-1948.
[10] J. Kennedy, R. C. Eberhart, Swarm Intelligence. San Francisco , CA :
Morgan Kaufmann, 2001 , ISBN 978-1-55860-595-4.
[11] Y. Shi. and R. Eberhart, "A modified particle swarm optimizer," in Proc.
IEEE Int. Conf. Evolutionary Computation, 1998, pp.69-73.
[12] M. Clerc and J. Kennedy, "The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and
convergence in a multidimensional complex space," IEEE Trans. Evol.
Comput. Vol. 6,No. 1, Feb.2002, pp. 58-73.
[13] M. Heimbach, L. D. Grcev, "Grounding System Analysis in Transients
Programs Applying Electromagnetic Field Approach," IEEE Trans. on
Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No.1, pp. 186-193, Janu. 1997.
[14] ANSI/IEEE Std.80-2000, "IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation
Grounding," by IEEE Society, New York 2000.
[1] F. Dawalibi and D. Mukhedkar, "Parametirc Analysis of Grounding
Grids," IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-98, No.5, pp. 1659-1668,
Sep./Oct. 1979.
[2] J. G. Sverak, "Optimized grounding grid design using variable spacing
technique," IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-95, No.1, pp. 362-374,
Jan./Feb. 1976.
[3] R. Giordano, D.A. Mark, C.J. Rotkowski, B. Schall and K.O. Sommer,
"Computer Assisted Design of Substation Grounding," IEEE Trans. on
PAS, Vol. PAS-104, No.7, pp. 1864-1867,Jul.1985
[4] ANSI/IEEE Std. 80, "IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation
Grounding," by IEEE Society, New York 2000
[5] Holland, J.H., Adaptation in Natural Artificial System, Ann Arbor, the
University of Michigan Press, 1975.
[6] Michael. Negnevitsky, Artificial Intelligence: A Guide to Intelligent
Systems, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts, 2005.
[7] Goldberg, D.E., Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine
Learning, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts, 1989.
[8] L. Davis, Handbook on Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, 1991.
[9] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proc. IEEE
Int. Conf. Neural Networks, 1995, pp.1942-1948.
[10] J. Kennedy, R. C. Eberhart, Swarm Intelligence. San Francisco , CA :
Morgan Kaufmann, 2001 , ISBN 978-1-55860-595-4.
[11] Y. Shi. and R. Eberhart, "A modified particle swarm optimizer," in Proc.
IEEE Int. Conf. Evolutionary Computation, 1998, pp.69-73.
[12] M. Clerc and J. Kennedy, "The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and
convergence in a multidimensional complex space," IEEE Trans. Evol.
Comput. Vol. 6,No. 1, Feb.2002, pp. 58-73.
[13] M. Heimbach, L. D. Grcev, "Grounding System Analysis in Transients
Programs Applying Electromagnetic Field Approach," IEEE Trans. on
Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No.1, pp. 186-193, Janu. 1997.
[14] ANSI/IEEE Std.80-2000, "IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation
Grounding," by IEEE Society, New York 2000.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:51442", author = "Chun-Yao Lee and Yi-Xing Shen", title = "Optimal Planning of Ground Grid Based on Particle Swam Algorithm", abstract = "This paper presents an application of particle swarm
optimization (PSO) to the grounding grid planning which compares to
the application of genetic algorithm (GA). Firstly, based on IEEE
Std.80, the cost function of the grounding grid and the constraints of
ground potential rise, step voltage and touch voltage are constructed
for formulating the optimization problem of grounding grid planning.
Secondly, GA and PSO algorithms for obtaining optimal solution of
grounding grid are developed. Finally, a case of grounding grid
planning is shown the superiority and availability of the PSO
algorithm and proposal planning results of grounding grid in cost and
computational time.", keywords = "Genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization,grounding grid.", volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "2244-8", }