Nonlinear Fuzzy Tracking Real-time-based Control of Drying Parameters
The highly nonlinear characteristics of drying
processes have prompted researchers to seek new nonlinear control
solutions. However, the relation between the implementation
complexity, on-line processing complexity, reliability control
structure and controller-s performance is not well established. The
present paper proposes high performance nonlinear fuzzy controllers
for a real-time operation of a drying machine, being developed under
a consistent match between those issues. A PCI-6025E data
acquisition device from National Instruments® was used, and the
control system was fully designed with MATLAB® / SIMULINK
language. Drying parameters, namely relative humidity and
temperature, were controlled through MIMOs Hybrid Bang-bang+PI
(BPI) and Four-dimensional Fuzzy Logic (FLC) real-time-based
controllers to perform drying tests on biological materials. The
performance of the drying strategies was compared through several
criteria, which are reported without controllers- retuning. Controllers-
performance analysis has showed much better performance of FLC
than BPI controller. The absolute errors were lower than 8,85 % for
Fuzzy Logic Controller, about three times lower than the
experimental results with BPI control.
[1] P. Dufour, "Control Engineering in Drying Technology: Review and
Trends", Drying Technology, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 889-904, 2006.
[2] C.I. Siettos, C.T. Kiranoudis and G.V Bafas, "Advanced Control
Strategies for Fluidized Bed Dryers", Drying Technology, vol. 17, no.
10, pp. 2271 - 2291, 1999.
[3] D. Zhu, J. Wang and L. Qian, "Fuzzy Immune PID Control for Drying
Process Based on LS algorithm and Genetic Algorithm", in Proc. 9th
Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement &
Instruments, Beijing, 2009, pp. 1-234 - 1-239.
[4] J., Carneiro and F. Almeida, "Modeling Pneumatic Servovalves Using
Neural Networks", in Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Aided
Control Systems Design, Munich, 2006, pp. 790-795.
[5] P. Gou, J. Comaposada, E. Serra, M. Corominas, M. Poch and J. Arnau,
"Fuzzy Control System in Drying Process of Fermented Sausages",
Drying Technology, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 2055 - 2069, 2005.
[6] K. Passino and S. Yurkovich, Fuzzy Control, California, Addison
Wesley Longman, 1998.
[7] H. E. Musch, G. W. Barton, T. A. G. Langrish and A. S. Brooke,
"Nonlinear model predictive control of timber", Computers chem.
Engineering, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 415-425, 1998.
[8] H. Liu, J. Zhang, X. Tang and Y. Lu, "Fuzzy Control of Mixed-Flow
Grain Dryer", Drying Technology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 807 - 819, 2003.
[9] Q. Liu and F. W. Bakker-Arkema, "Automatic Control of Crossflow
Grain Dryers, Part 2: Design of a Model-Predictive Controller", Journal.
Agric. Engineering Res., vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 173-181, 2001.
[10] T. Thyagarajan, J. Shanmugam, M. Ponnavaikko and R. C. Panda,
"Hybrid Intelligent Control Scheme For Air Heating System Using
Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm", Drying Technology, vol. 18, no. 1,
pp. 165 - 184, 2000.
[11] H. Abukhalifeh, R. Dhib and M. E. Fayed. "Model Predictive Control of
an Infrared-Convective Dryer", Drying Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp.
497 - 511, 2005.
[12] T. Kokko, P. Lautala and T. Huhtelin, "Advanced Control Strategy for
Impingement Drying", Drying Technology, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1969 -
1990, 2003.
[13] P. Dufour, D. Blanc, Y. Touré and P. Laurent, "Infrared Drying Process
of an Experimental Water Painting: Model Predictive Control", Drying
Technology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 269 - 284, 2004.
[14] A. Schuster and M. Kozek, "Constrained Model Predictive Control
Implementation in an Industrial Drying Process", in Proc. IEEE 7th
International Conference on Computational Cybernetics, Palma de
Mallorca, 2009, pp.191-196.
[15] U. Yüzgeç, Y. Becerikli and M. Türker, "Dynamic Neural-Network-
Based Model-Predictive Control of an Industrial Baker's Yeast Drying
Process", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp.
1231 - 1242, 2008
[16] H. Abukhaiifeh, R. Dhib and M.Fayed, "Model Predictive Control of an
Infrared-Dryer", in Proc. International Conference on Physics and
Control, St. Petersburg, 2003, pp. 340 - 344.
[17] O. Slätteke, "Object-Oriented Modeling and Predictive Control of the
Moisture Content in Paper Production", in Proc. American Control
Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2006, pp. 5544 - 5549.
[18] U. Taira, "Energy Saving Type Temperature-Humidity Simultaneous
Control Method", in Proc. SICE Annual Conference, Sapporo, Japan,
2004, pp. 2640-2643.
[19] N. A. Corrêa, R. G. Corrêa, and J. T. Freire, "Self-tuning Control of Egg
Drying in Spouted Bed Using the GPC Algorithm", Drying Technology,
vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 813 - 828, 2002.
[20] I. Alvarez-L├│pez, O. Llanes-Santiago and J. L. Verdegay, "Drying
process of tobacco leaves by using a fuzzy controller", Fuzzy Sets and
Systems, no. 150, pp. 493-506, 2005.
[21] S. Atthajariyakul and T. Leephakpreeda, "Fluidized bed paddy drying in
optimal conditions via adaptive fuzzy logic control", Journal of Food
Engineering, no. 75, pp. 104-114, 2006.
[22] X. G. Wang, W. Liu, L. Gu, C. J. Sun, C. E. Gu and C. W. de Silva,
"Development of an Intelligent Control System for Wood Drying
Processes", in Proc. IEEHASME International Conference on Advanced
Intelligent Mechatronics, Como, Italy, 2001, pp. 371 - 376.
[23] A. Azadeh, N. Neshat and M. Saberi, "An Intelligent Approach for
Improved Predictive Control of Spray Drying Process", in Proc. 14th
International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, Las
Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain, 2010, pp. 127 - 136.
[24] Y. Zhang, X. Shi and Q. Ling, "A Method for Milk Powder Spraydrying
Based on Composite Fuzzy Control Technology", in Proc. IEEE
International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Changchun,
China, 2009, pp. 2133 - 2137.
[25] L. Sun, Z. Li and W. Cao, "Design and Realization of Fuzzy Self-tuning
PID Controller Based on TMS320LF2407A DSPs for Microwave-
Vacuum Wood Drying", in Proc. 6th International Conference on Fuzzy
Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Tianjin, 2009, pp. 71 - 75.
[26] T. Thyagarajan, J. Shanmugam, M. Ponnavaikko and P. G. Rao,
"Advanced Control Schemes for Temperature Regulation of Air Heat
Plant", in Proc. IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, Seoul,
Korea,1999, pp. II-767 - II-772.
[27] Y. Guo, D. Cao and G. Zheng, "Application of Intelligent Control
Techniques for Temperature- Humidity Control in Industrial
Workshops", in Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Intelligent
Information Technology and Security Informatics, Moscow, 2009, pp.
192 - 194.
[28] M. Becker, D. Oestreich, H. Hasse and L. Litz, "Fuzzy Control for
Temperature and Humidity in Refrigeration Systems", in Proc. III IEEE
Conference on Control Applications, Glasgow 1994, pp. 1607-1612.
[29] M. Nachidi, A. Benzaouia and F. Tadeo, "Temperature and humidity
control in greenhouses using the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model", in Proc.
2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, Munich,
2006, pp. 2150-2154.
[30] C.N. Boeri, F.J. Neto da Silva and J.A.F. Ferreira, "Salted codfish
drying kinetics: utilization of a semi-empirical simulation model", In
11th Pan-American Congress of Applied Mechanics, Foz do Iguaçú,
2010.
[31] C.N. Boeri, F.J. Neto da Silva and J.A.F. Ferreira, "Utilização de
modelos semi-empíricos na simulação da secagem de bacalhau", In: III
Conferência Nacional em Mecânica de Fluidos, Termodinâmica e
Energia, Bragança, 2009.
[32] Mathworks┬® - Real-Time Windows Target. Available in (July, 2010):
http://www.mathworks.com/products/rtwt/
[33] S. Bellagha, E. Amami, A. Farhat and N. Kechaou, "Drying
kinetics and characteristic drying curve of lightly salted sardine
(sardinella aurita)", Drying Technology, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1527-1538,
2002.
[34] A. Andre's, S. Rodriguez-Barona, J. M. Barat and P. Fito. "Salted cod
manufacturing: influence of salting procedure on
process yield and product characteristics", Journal of Food
Engineering, vol. 69, pp. 467-471, 2005.
[35] S. Bellagha, A. Sahli, A. Farhat, N. Kechaou and A. Glenza, "Studies on
salting and drying of sardine (Sardinella aurita):
Experimental kinetics and modeling", Journal of Food Engineering, vol.
78, pp. 947-952, 2007.
[36] J.M. Barat, L. Gallart-Jornet, A. Andre's, L. Akse, M. Carlehög and
O.T. Skjerdal, "Influence of cod freshness on the salting, drying and
desalting stages", Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 73, pp. 9-19, 2006.
[37] B. Kosko, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1992.
[38] L. Wang, Adaptative Fuzzy Systems and Control. Prentice-Hall. 1994,
pp. 210-220,.
[39] J. Ferreira, P. Sun and J. Grácio, "Design and Control of
a Hydraulic Press", Proc. 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer
Aided Control Systems Design, Munich, 2006, pp. 814-819.
[40] M. Santos, Controlo de um Sistema Servopneumático para
Ensaios de Fadiga, Master Thesis in Industrial Automation Engineering,
University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. 2009.
[1] P. Dufour, "Control Engineering in Drying Technology: Review and
Trends", Drying Technology, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 889-904, 2006.
[2] C.I. Siettos, C.T. Kiranoudis and G.V Bafas, "Advanced Control
Strategies for Fluidized Bed Dryers", Drying Technology, vol. 17, no.
10, pp. 2271 - 2291, 1999.
[3] D. Zhu, J. Wang and L. Qian, "Fuzzy Immune PID Control for Drying
Process Based on LS algorithm and Genetic Algorithm", in Proc. 9th
Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement &
Instruments, Beijing, 2009, pp. 1-234 - 1-239.
[4] J., Carneiro and F. Almeida, "Modeling Pneumatic Servovalves Using
Neural Networks", in Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Aided
Control Systems Design, Munich, 2006, pp. 790-795.
[5] P. Gou, J. Comaposada, E. Serra, M. Corominas, M. Poch and J. Arnau,
"Fuzzy Control System in Drying Process of Fermented Sausages",
Drying Technology, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 2055 - 2069, 2005.
[6] K. Passino and S. Yurkovich, Fuzzy Control, California, Addison
Wesley Longman, 1998.
[7] H. E. Musch, G. W. Barton, T. A. G. Langrish and A. S. Brooke,
"Nonlinear model predictive control of timber", Computers chem.
Engineering, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 415-425, 1998.
[8] H. Liu, J. Zhang, X. Tang and Y. Lu, "Fuzzy Control of Mixed-Flow
Grain Dryer", Drying Technology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 807 - 819, 2003.
[9] Q. Liu and F. W. Bakker-Arkema, "Automatic Control of Crossflow
Grain Dryers, Part 2: Design of a Model-Predictive Controller", Journal.
Agric. Engineering Res., vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 173-181, 2001.
[10] T. Thyagarajan, J. Shanmugam, M. Ponnavaikko and R. C. Panda,
"Hybrid Intelligent Control Scheme For Air Heating System Using
Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm", Drying Technology, vol. 18, no. 1,
pp. 165 - 184, 2000.
[11] H. Abukhalifeh, R. Dhib and M. E. Fayed. "Model Predictive Control of
an Infrared-Convective Dryer", Drying Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp.
497 - 511, 2005.
[12] T. Kokko, P. Lautala and T. Huhtelin, "Advanced Control Strategy for
Impingement Drying", Drying Technology, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1969 -
1990, 2003.
[13] P. Dufour, D. Blanc, Y. Touré and P. Laurent, "Infrared Drying Process
of an Experimental Water Painting: Model Predictive Control", Drying
Technology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 269 - 284, 2004.
[14] A. Schuster and M. Kozek, "Constrained Model Predictive Control
Implementation in an Industrial Drying Process", in Proc. IEEE 7th
International Conference on Computational Cybernetics, Palma de
Mallorca, 2009, pp.191-196.
[15] U. Yüzgeç, Y. Becerikli and M. Türker, "Dynamic Neural-Network-
Based Model-Predictive Control of an Industrial Baker's Yeast Drying
Process", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp.
1231 - 1242, 2008
[16] H. Abukhaiifeh, R. Dhib and M.Fayed, "Model Predictive Control of an
Infrared-Dryer", in Proc. International Conference on Physics and
Control, St. Petersburg, 2003, pp. 340 - 344.
[17] O. Slätteke, "Object-Oriented Modeling and Predictive Control of the
Moisture Content in Paper Production", in Proc. American Control
Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2006, pp. 5544 - 5549.
[18] U. Taira, "Energy Saving Type Temperature-Humidity Simultaneous
Control Method", in Proc. SICE Annual Conference, Sapporo, Japan,
2004, pp. 2640-2643.
[19] N. A. Corrêa, R. G. Corrêa, and J. T. Freire, "Self-tuning Control of Egg
Drying in Spouted Bed Using the GPC Algorithm", Drying Technology,
vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 813 - 828, 2002.
[20] I. Alvarez-L├│pez, O. Llanes-Santiago and J. L. Verdegay, "Drying
process of tobacco leaves by using a fuzzy controller", Fuzzy Sets and
Systems, no. 150, pp. 493-506, 2005.
[21] S. Atthajariyakul and T. Leephakpreeda, "Fluidized bed paddy drying in
optimal conditions via adaptive fuzzy logic control", Journal of Food
Engineering, no. 75, pp. 104-114, 2006.
[22] X. G. Wang, W. Liu, L. Gu, C. J. Sun, C. E. Gu and C. W. de Silva,
"Development of an Intelligent Control System for Wood Drying
Processes", in Proc. IEEHASME International Conference on Advanced
Intelligent Mechatronics, Como, Italy, 2001, pp. 371 - 376.
[23] A. Azadeh, N. Neshat and M. Saberi, "An Intelligent Approach for
Improved Predictive Control of Spray Drying Process", in Proc. 14th
International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, Las
Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain, 2010, pp. 127 - 136.
[24] Y. Zhang, X. Shi and Q. Ling, "A Method for Milk Powder Spraydrying
Based on Composite Fuzzy Control Technology", in Proc. IEEE
International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Changchun,
China, 2009, pp. 2133 - 2137.
[25] L. Sun, Z. Li and W. Cao, "Design and Realization of Fuzzy Self-tuning
PID Controller Based on TMS320LF2407A DSPs for Microwave-
Vacuum Wood Drying", in Proc. 6th International Conference on Fuzzy
Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Tianjin, 2009, pp. 71 - 75.
[26] T. Thyagarajan, J. Shanmugam, M. Ponnavaikko and P. G. Rao,
"Advanced Control Schemes for Temperature Regulation of Air Heat
Plant", in Proc. IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, Seoul,
Korea,1999, pp. II-767 - II-772.
[27] Y. Guo, D. Cao and G. Zheng, "Application of Intelligent Control
Techniques for Temperature- Humidity Control in Industrial
Workshops", in Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Intelligent
Information Technology and Security Informatics, Moscow, 2009, pp.
192 - 194.
[28] M. Becker, D. Oestreich, H. Hasse and L. Litz, "Fuzzy Control for
Temperature and Humidity in Refrigeration Systems", in Proc. III IEEE
Conference on Control Applications, Glasgow 1994, pp. 1607-1612.
[29] M. Nachidi, A. Benzaouia and F. Tadeo, "Temperature and humidity
control in greenhouses using the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model", in Proc.
2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, Munich,
2006, pp. 2150-2154.
[30] C.N. Boeri, F.J. Neto da Silva and J.A.F. Ferreira, "Salted codfish
drying kinetics: utilization of a semi-empirical simulation model", In
11th Pan-American Congress of Applied Mechanics, Foz do Iguaçú,
2010.
[31] C.N. Boeri, F.J. Neto da Silva and J.A.F. Ferreira, "Utilização de
modelos semi-empíricos na simulação da secagem de bacalhau", In: III
Conferência Nacional em Mecânica de Fluidos, Termodinâmica e
Energia, Bragança, 2009.
[32] Mathworks┬® - Real-Time Windows Target. Available in (July, 2010):
http://www.mathworks.com/products/rtwt/
[33] S. Bellagha, E. Amami, A. Farhat and N. Kechaou, "Drying
kinetics and characteristic drying curve of lightly salted sardine
(sardinella aurita)", Drying Technology, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1527-1538,
2002.
[34] A. Andre's, S. Rodriguez-Barona, J. M. Barat and P. Fito. "Salted cod
manufacturing: influence of salting procedure on
process yield and product characteristics", Journal of Food
Engineering, vol. 69, pp. 467-471, 2005.
[35] S. Bellagha, A. Sahli, A. Farhat, N. Kechaou and A. Glenza, "Studies on
salting and drying of sardine (Sardinella aurita):
Experimental kinetics and modeling", Journal of Food Engineering, vol.
78, pp. 947-952, 2007.
[36] J.M. Barat, L. Gallart-Jornet, A. Andre's, L. Akse, M. Carlehög and
O.T. Skjerdal, "Influence of cod freshness on the salting, drying and
desalting stages", Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 73, pp. 9-19, 2006.
[37] B. Kosko, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1992.
[38] L. Wang, Adaptative Fuzzy Systems and Control. Prentice-Hall. 1994,
pp. 210-220,.
[39] J. Ferreira, P. Sun and J. Grácio, "Design and Control of
a Hydraulic Press", Proc. 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer
Aided Control Systems Design, Munich, 2006, pp. 814-819.
[40] M. Santos, Controlo de um Sistema Servopneumático para
Ensaios de Fadiga, Master Thesis in Industrial Automation Engineering,
University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:56115", author = "Marco Soares dos Santos and Camila Nicola Boeri and Jorge Augusto Ferreira and Fernando Neto da Silva", title = "Nonlinear Fuzzy Tracking Real-time-based Control of Drying Parameters", abstract = "The highly nonlinear characteristics of drying
processes have prompted researchers to seek new nonlinear control
solutions. However, the relation between the implementation
complexity, on-line processing complexity, reliability control
structure and controller-s performance is not well established. The
present paper proposes high performance nonlinear fuzzy controllers
for a real-time operation of a drying machine, being developed under
a consistent match between those issues. A PCI-6025E data
acquisition device from National Instruments® was used, and the
control system was fully designed with MATLAB® / SIMULINK
language. Drying parameters, namely relative humidity and
temperature, were controlled through MIMOs Hybrid Bang-bang+PI
(BPI) and Four-dimensional Fuzzy Logic (FLC) real-time-based
controllers to perform drying tests on biological materials. The
performance of the drying strategies was compared through several
criteria, which are reported without controllers- retuning. Controllers-
performance analysis has showed much better performance of FLC
than BPI controller. The absolute errors were lower than 8,85 % for
Fuzzy Logic Controller, about three times lower than the
experimental results with BPI control.", keywords = "Drying control, Fuzzy logic control, Intelligent
temperature-humidity control.", volume = "4", number = "11", pages = "1219-15", }
