Issues in Deploying Smart Antennas in Mobile Radio Networks
With the exponentially increasing demand for
wireless communications the capacity of current cellular systems will
soon become incapable of handling the growing traffic. Since radio
frequencies are diminishing natural resources, there seems to be a
fundamental barrier to further capacity increase. The solution can be
found in smart antenna systems.
Smart or adaptive antenna arrays consist of an array of antenna
elements with signal processing capability, that optimize the
radiation and reception of a desired signal, dynamically. Smart
antennas can place nulls in the direction of interferers via adaptive
updating of weights linked to each antenna element. They thus cancel
out most of the co-channel interference resulting in better quality of
reception and lower dropped calls. Smart antennas can also track the
user within a cell via direction of arrival algorithms. This implies that
they are more advantageous than other antenna systems. This paper
focuses on few issues about the smart antennas in mobile radio
networks.
[1] F. J. Velez and L. M. Correia, "Mobile broadband services:
classification, characterization, and deployment scenarios," IEEE
Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 142-150, Apr. 2002.
[2] R. Prasad and W. Mohr, W. Konhauser, Third Generation Mobile
Communication Systems, Artech House, Boston / London, 2000.
[3] R. D. Murch and K. B. Letaief, "Antenna systems for broadband
wireless access," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 76-83, Apr.
2002.
[4] S. R. Saunders, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication
Systems, Jonh Wiley & Son, England, 1999.
[5] O. Norklit and J. B Anderson, "Mobile Radio Environments and
Adaptive Arrays," IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor
and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 725-728, 1994.
[6] Per H. Lehne and Magne Pettersen, "An Overview of Smart Antenna
Technology for Mobile Communications Systems," IEEE
Communications Surveys, Fourth Quarter 1999, Vol. 2, No.4
[7] J.Winters, "Smart Antennas for Wireless Systems", IEEE Personal
Communications, vol 1,pp. 23-27., Feb. 1998.
[8] R.H.Roy, "Application of Smart Antenna Technology in Wireless
communication Systems", www.arraycomm.com
[9] J.B.Andersen, "Antenna Arrays in Mobile Communications: Gain,
Diversity, and Channel Capacity", IEEE antennas and Propagation
Magazine, Apr. 2000
[10] M. Loy, "Understanding and Enhancing Sensitivity in Receivers for
Wireless Applications", Texas Instruments, Technical Brief, May 1999.
[11] S. Ponnekanti, "An overview of Smart Antenna Technology for
Heterogeneous Networks", IEEE Communications Surveys, Fourth
Quarter 1999
[12] Y. Karasawa, "The Software Antenna: A New Concept of Kaleidoscopic
Antenna in Multimedia Radio and Mobile Computing Era," IEICE
Trans., Comm., Vol. E80-B, No. 8, pp.1214-1217, Aug. 1997
[13] J. Mitola III, "Software Radios Survey, Critical Evaluation and Future
Directions," IEEE National Telesystems Conference, pp. 13-23, 1992
[14] J.Razavilar, F Rashid-Farrokhi, K.J.Ray Liu, "Software Radio
Architecture with Smart Antennas: A Tutorial on Algorithms and
Complexity"
[15] G.Tsoulos, M.Beach, "Wireless Personal Communications for the 21st
Century: European Technological Advances in Adaptive Antennas"
IEEE Communications Magazine, Sep. 1997.
[16] J. Mitola III, "Software Radios Survey, Critical Evaluation and Future
Directions," IEEE National Telesystems Conference, pp. 13-15~13-23,
1992.
[17] Agius A.A., Leach S.M. , Suvannapattana P., Lund T. and Saunders S.
R. (1999): ÔÇÿIntelligent Handheld Antennas for Mobile Communications
Beyond the 2nd Generation- version 2.0.2, p.9
[18] D. Gerlach and A. Paulraj, "Adaptive transmitting antenna arrays with
feedback," IEEE Signal Processing Lett., vol. 1, no. 10, pp. 150-152,
Oct. 1994.
[19] J. C. Liberti Jr. and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless
Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications,
Prentice Hall PTR, NJ, 1999.
[20] James J. Caffery, Jr., Wireless Location in CDMA Cellular Radio
Systems, Boston/Dordrecht/London, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2000.
[21] Gregory D. Durgin, Theodore S. Rappaport, "Theory of Multipath Shape
Factors for Small-Scale Fading Wireless Channels," IEEE Transactions
on Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 48, pp. 682-693, May 2000.
[22] P. Eggers, J. Toftgard, and A. Oprea, "Antenna systems for base station
diversity in urban small and micro cells," IEEE Journals on Selected
Areas on Communications, Vol. 7, pp. 1046-1057, September, 1993.
[23] John Litva and Titus Kwok-Yeung Lo, Digital Beamforming in Wireless
Communications, Artech House, Boston, London, 1996.
[1] F. J. Velez and L. M. Correia, "Mobile broadband services:
classification, characterization, and deployment scenarios," IEEE
Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 142-150, Apr. 2002.
[2] R. Prasad and W. Mohr, W. Konhauser, Third Generation Mobile
Communication Systems, Artech House, Boston / London, 2000.
[3] R. D. Murch and K. B. Letaief, "Antenna systems for broadband
wireless access," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 76-83, Apr.
2002.
[4] S. R. Saunders, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication
Systems, Jonh Wiley & Son, England, 1999.
[5] O. Norklit and J. B Anderson, "Mobile Radio Environments and
Adaptive Arrays," IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor
and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 725-728, 1994.
[6] Per H. Lehne and Magne Pettersen, "An Overview of Smart Antenna
Technology for Mobile Communications Systems," IEEE
Communications Surveys, Fourth Quarter 1999, Vol. 2, No.4
[7] J.Winters, "Smart Antennas for Wireless Systems", IEEE Personal
Communications, vol 1,pp. 23-27., Feb. 1998.
[8] R.H.Roy, "Application of Smart Antenna Technology in Wireless
communication Systems", www.arraycomm.com
[9] J.B.Andersen, "Antenna Arrays in Mobile Communications: Gain,
Diversity, and Channel Capacity", IEEE antennas and Propagation
Magazine, Apr. 2000
[10] M. Loy, "Understanding and Enhancing Sensitivity in Receivers for
Wireless Applications", Texas Instruments, Technical Brief, May 1999.
[11] S. Ponnekanti, "An overview of Smart Antenna Technology for
Heterogeneous Networks", IEEE Communications Surveys, Fourth
Quarter 1999
[12] Y. Karasawa, "The Software Antenna: A New Concept of Kaleidoscopic
Antenna in Multimedia Radio and Mobile Computing Era," IEICE
Trans., Comm., Vol. E80-B, No. 8, pp.1214-1217, Aug. 1997
[13] J. Mitola III, "Software Radios Survey, Critical Evaluation and Future
Directions," IEEE National Telesystems Conference, pp. 13-23, 1992
[14] J.Razavilar, F Rashid-Farrokhi, K.J.Ray Liu, "Software Radio
Architecture with Smart Antennas: A Tutorial on Algorithms and
Complexity"
[15] G.Tsoulos, M.Beach, "Wireless Personal Communications for the 21st
Century: European Technological Advances in Adaptive Antennas"
IEEE Communications Magazine, Sep. 1997.
[16] J. Mitola III, "Software Radios Survey, Critical Evaluation and Future
Directions," IEEE National Telesystems Conference, pp. 13-15~13-23,
1992.
[17] Agius A.A., Leach S.M. , Suvannapattana P., Lund T. and Saunders S.
R. (1999): ÔÇÿIntelligent Handheld Antennas for Mobile Communications
Beyond the 2nd Generation- version 2.0.2, p.9
[18] D. Gerlach and A. Paulraj, "Adaptive transmitting antenna arrays with
feedback," IEEE Signal Processing Lett., vol. 1, no. 10, pp. 150-152,
Oct. 1994.
[19] J. C. Liberti Jr. and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless
Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications,
Prentice Hall PTR, NJ, 1999.
[20] James J. Caffery, Jr., Wireless Location in CDMA Cellular Radio
Systems, Boston/Dordrecht/London, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2000.
[21] Gregory D. Durgin, Theodore S. Rappaport, "Theory of Multipath Shape
Factors for Small-Scale Fading Wireless Channels," IEEE Transactions
on Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 48, pp. 682-693, May 2000.
[22] P. Eggers, J. Toftgard, and A. Oprea, "Antenna systems for base station
diversity in urban small and micro cells," IEEE Journals on Selected
Areas on Communications, Vol. 7, pp. 1046-1057, September, 1993.
[23] John Litva and Titus Kwok-Yeung Lo, Digital Beamforming in Wireless
Communications, Artech House, Boston, London, 1996.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:61467", author = "Rameshwar Kawitkar", title = "Issues in Deploying Smart Antennas in Mobile Radio Networks", abstract = "With the exponentially increasing demand for
wireless communications the capacity of current cellular systems will
soon become incapable of handling the growing traffic. Since radio
frequencies are diminishing natural resources, there seems to be a
fundamental barrier to further capacity increase. The solution can be
found in smart antenna systems.
Smart or adaptive antenna arrays consist of an array of antenna
elements with signal processing capability, that optimize the
radiation and reception of a desired signal, dynamically. Smart
antennas can place nulls in the direction of interferers via adaptive
updating of weights linked to each antenna element. They thus cancel
out most of the co-channel interference resulting in better quality of
reception and lower dropped calls. Smart antennas can also track the
user within a cell via direction of arrival algorithms. This implies that
they are more advantageous than other antenna systems. This paper
focuses on few issues about the smart antennas in mobile radio
networks.", keywords = "Smart/Adaptive Antenna, Multipath fading,
Beamforming, Radio propagation.", volume = "2", number = "5", pages = "919-6", }
