Intrapreneurship as a Unique Competitive Advantage
Intrapreneurship, a term used to describe
entrepreneurship within existing organizations, has been
acknowledged in international literature and practice as a vital
element of economic and organizational growth, success and
competitiveness and can be considered as a unique competitive
advantage. The purpose of the paper is, first, to provide a
comprehensive analysis of the concept of intrapreneurship, and,
second, to highlight the need for a different approach in the research
on the field of intrapreneurship. Concluding, the paper suggests
directions for future research.
[1] Schumpeter, J.A. (1961) [1934], The Theory of Economic Development:
An enquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle,
New York: New York University Press
[2] Pirich, A. (2001), An interface between entrepreneurship and
innovation: New Zealand SMEs perspective, Paper prepared for the
2001 DRUID Conference, Aalborg, Denmark
[3] Hayek, F.A. (1948), Economics and Knowledge, reprinted in
Individualism and Economic Order, Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press
[4] Bolton, J.E. (1971), Small Firms: Report of the Committee of Inquiry on
Small Firms, London: Her Majesty-s Stationery Office
[5] Gartner, W.B. (1985), A Conceptual Framework for Describing the
Phenomena of New Venture Creation, Academy of Management Review,
10, 696-706
[6] Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S. and Goldsby, M. G. (2004), Sustaining
corporate entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 77-89
[7] Mitchell, A. (2007), Intrapreneurship; enabling postgraduate researchers
to drive organisational innovation, Retrieved from
http://www.grad.ac.uk/downloads/documents/uk%20grad%20and%20uk
%20herd%20event%202007/uk%20grad%20participant%20information
/workshop%20presentations/alison_mitchell_2.pdf
[8] Baumol, W.J. (1968), Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory, American
Economic Review, 58 (papers & proceedings), 64-71
[9] McKenzie, B., Ugbah, S. D. and Smothers, N. (2007), Who is an
entrepreneur? Is it still the wrong question?, Academy of
Entrepreneurship Journal, 13(1), 23-43
[10] Katsikis, I. N. and Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009), Entrepreneurship in
teleology: the variety of the forms, International Journal of
Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 15(2), 209-231
[11] Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R. D. (2003), Clarifying the intrapreneurship
concept, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1),
7-24
[12] Stevenson, H. H., and Jarillo, P. M. (1990), A paradigm of
entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management, Strategic Management
Journal, 11(Special Issue, Summer), 17-27
[13] Hanan, M. (1976), Venturing corporations think small to stay strong,
Harvard Business Review, 54, 139-148
[14] Marcae, N. (1976), The coming of the entrepreneurial revolution: A
survey, The Economist, 25 December, p.42
[15] Pinchot, G. and Pinchot, E. (1978), Intra-corporate entrepreneurship,
Tarrytown School for Entrepreneurs
[16] Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R. D. (2001), Intrapreneurship: construct
refinement and cross-cultural validation, Journal of Business Venturing,
16, 495-527
[17] Koontz, H. and Weihrich, H. (2008), Essentials of management. An
international perspective, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
[18] Tassiopoulos, D. (2008), New tourism ventures: an entrepreneurial and
managerial approach, Juta &Co Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa
[19] Vesper, K.H. (1990), New Venture Strategies (Rev. Ed.), Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
[20] Sathe, V. (1989), Fostering entrepreneurship in a large diversified firm,
Organizational Dynamics, 18(1), 20-32
[21] Zahra, S. A. (1995), Corporate entrepreneurship and financial
performance: The case of management leveraged buyouts, Journal of
Business Venturing, 10, 225-247
[22] Guth, W. D., and Ginsberg, A. (1990), Corporate entrepreneurship,
Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue 11, 5-15
[23] Zahra, S. (1991), Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate
entrepreneurship: An exploratory study, Journal of Business
Venturing,6, 259-285
[24] Antoncic, B. and Zorn, O. (2004), The mediating role of corporate
entrepreneurship in the organizational support-performance relationship:
An empirical examination, Managing Global Transitions, 2(1), 5-14
[25] Covin, J.G. and Slevin, D.P. (1986), The development and testing of an
organizational-level entrepreneurship scale, In R. Ronstadt et al., eds.,
Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Wellesley, MA: Babson College
[26] Covin, J.G., and Slevin, D.P. (1989), Strategic management of small
firms in hostile and benign environments, Strategic Management
Journal, 10, 75-87
[27] Lumpkin, G.T., and Dess, G.G. (1996), Clarifying the entrepreneurial
orientation construct and linking it to performance, Academy of
Management Review, 12(1), 135-172
[28] Knight, G.A. (1997), Cross-cultural reliability and validity of a scale to
measure firm entrepreneurial orientation, Journal of Business Venturing,
12(3), 213-225
[29] Covin, J.G. and Slevin, D.P. (1991), A conceptual model of
entrepreneurship as firm behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice,16, 7-25
[30] Miller, D. (1983), The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of
firms, Management Science, 29, 770-779
[31] Murray, J.A. (1984), A concept of entrepreneurial strategy, Stretegic
Management Journal, 5(1), 1-13
[32] Leibold, M., Probst, G. and Gibbert, M. (2002), Strategic management
in the knowledge economy, Erlangen: Publicis Kommunikations
Agentur
[33] Dess, G.G., Limpkin, G.T. and Taylor, M. (2005), Strategic management
(2nd Ed), New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin
[34] Burgelman, R.A., and Sayles, L.R. (1986), Inside Corporate Innovation
Strategy, Structure and Managerial Skills, New York: The Free Press
[35] Barringer, B. R., and Bluedorn, A. C. (1999), Corporate
entrepreneurship and strategic management, Strategic Management
Journal, 20, 421-444
[36] Ireland, R. D., Covin, J. G. and Kuratko, D. F. (2009), Conceptualizing
corporate entrepreneurship strategy, Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice, 33(1), 19-46
[37] MacMillan, l.c., Block, Z., and Narashima, P.N.S. (1986), Corporate
venturing: alternatives, obstacles encountered, and experience effects.
Journal of Business Venturing, l(2), 177-192
[38] Kanter, R.M. (1989), When Giants Learn to Dance, New York, NY:
Simon & Schuster, Inc.
[39] Zahra, S. (1989), Organizational strategy, innovation and performance,
Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 49th Annual
Meeting, 349-353
[40] Nielsen, R.P., Peters, M.P., and Hisrich, R.D. (1985), Entrepreneurship
strategy for internal markets-corporate, non profit, and government
institution cases, Strategic Management Journal, 6, 181-190
[41] Zahra, S. A., and Pearce, J.A. II (1994), Corporate
entrepreneurship in smaller firms: The role of environment, strategy and
organization, Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change, 3(1), 31-44
[42] Wortman, M. S. (1987), Entrepreneurship: An integrating typology and
evaluation of the empirical research in the field, Journal of
Management, 13(2), 259-270
[43] Carrier, C. (1996), Intrapreneurship in Small Businesses: An
Exploratory Study, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21, 5-20
[44] Fitzsimmons, J. R., Douglas, E. J., Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R. D.
(2005), Intrapreneurship in Australian firms, Journal of Management &
Organization, 11(1), 17-27
[45] A─ƒca, V., Topal, Y. and Kaya, H. (2009), Linking intrapreneurship
activities to multidimensional firm performance in Turkish
manufacturing firms: an empirical study, International Entrepreneurship
and Management Journal, published online 24 November
[1] Schumpeter, J.A. (1961) [1934], The Theory of Economic Development:
An enquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle,
New York: New York University Press
[2] Pirich, A. (2001), An interface between entrepreneurship and
innovation: New Zealand SMEs perspective, Paper prepared for the
2001 DRUID Conference, Aalborg, Denmark
[3] Hayek, F.A. (1948), Economics and Knowledge, reprinted in
Individualism and Economic Order, Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press
[4] Bolton, J.E. (1971), Small Firms: Report of the Committee of Inquiry on
Small Firms, London: Her Majesty-s Stationery Office
[5] Gartner, W.B. (1985), A Conceptual Framework for Describing the
Phenomena of New Venture Creation, Academy of Management Review,
10, 696-706
[6] Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S. and Goldsby, M. G. (2004), Sustaining
corporate entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 77-89
[7] Mitchell, A. (2007), Intrapreneurship; enabling postgraduate researchers
to drive organisational innovation, Retrieved from
http://www.grad.ac.uk/downloads/documents/uk%20grad%20and%20uk
%20herd%20event%202007/uk%20grad%20participant%20information
/workshop%20presentations/alison_mitchell_2.pdf
[8] Baumol, W.J. (1968), Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory, American
Economic Review, 58 (papers & proceedings), 64-71
[9] McKenzie, B., Ugbah, S. D. and Smothers, N. (2007), Who is an
entrepreneur? Is it still the wrong question?, Academy of
Entrepreneurship Journal, 13(1), 23-43
[10] Katsikis, I. N. and Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009), Entrepreneurship in
teleology: the variety of the forms, International Journal of
Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 15(2), 209-231
[11] Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R. D. (2003), Clarifying the intrapreneurship
concept, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1),
7-24
[12] Stevenson, H. H., and Jarillo, P. M. (1990), A paradigm of
entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management, Strategic Management
Journal, 11(Special Issue, Summer), 17-27
[13] Hanan, M. (1976), Venturing corporations think small to stay strong,
Harvard Business Review, 54, 139-148
[14] Marcae, N. (1976), The coming of the entrepreneurial revolution: A
survey, The Economist, 25 December, p.42
[15] Pinchot, G. and Pinchot, E. (1978), Intra-corporate entrepreneurship,
Tarrytown School for Entrepreneurs
[16] Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R. D. (2001), Intrapreneurship: construct
refinement and cross-cultural validation, Journal of Business Venturing,
16, 495-527
[17] Koontz, H. and Weihrich, H. (2008), Essentials of management. An
international perspective, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
[18] Tassiopoulos, D. (2008), New tourism ventures: an entrepreneurial and
managerial approach, Juta &Co Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa
[19] Vesper, K.H. (1990), New Venture Strategies (Rev. Ed.), Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
[20] Sathe, V. (1989), Fostering entrepreneurship in a large diversified firm,
Organizational Dynamics, 18(1), 20-32
[21] Zahra, S. A. (1995), Corporate entrepreneurship and financial
performance: The case of management leveraged buyouts, Journal of
Business Venturing, 10, 225-247
[22] Guth, W. D., and Ginsberg, A. (1990), Corporate entrepreneurship,
Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue 11, 5-15
[23] Zahra, S. (1991), Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate
entrepreneurship: An exploratory study, Journal of Business
Venturing,6, 259-285
[24] Antoncic, B. and Zorn, O. (2004), The mediating role of corporate
entrepreneurship in the organizational support-performance relationship:
An empirical examination, Managing Global Transitions, 2(1), 5-14
[25] Covin, J.G. and Slevin, D.P. (1986), The development and testing of an
organizational-level entrepreneurship scale, In R. Ronstadt et al., eds.,
Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Wellesley, MA: Babson College
[26] Covin, J.G., and Slevin, D.P. (1989), Strategic management of small
firms in hostile and benign environments, Strategic Management
Journal, 10, 75-87
[27] Lumpkin, G.T., and Dess, G.G. (1996), Clarifying the entrepreneurial
orientation construct and linking it to performance, Academy of
Management Review, 12(1), 135-172
[28] Knight, G.A. (1997), Cross-cultural reliability and validity of a scale to
measure firm entrepreneurial orientation, Journal of Business Venturing,
12(3), 213-225
[29] Covin, J.G. and Slevin, D.P. (1991), A conceptual model of
entrepreneurship as firm behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice,16, 7-25
[30] Miller, D. (1983), The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of
firms, Management Science, 29, 770-779
[31] Murray, J.A. (1984), A concept of entrepreneurial strategy, Stretegic
Management Journal, 5(1), 1-13
[32] Leibold, M., Probst, G. and Gibbert, M. (2002), Strategic management
in the knowledge economy, Erlangen: Publicis Kommunikations
Agentur
[33] Dess, G.G., Limpkin, G.T. and Taylor, M. (2005), Strategic management
(2nd Ed), New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin
[34] Burgelman, R.A., and Sayles, L.R. (1986), Inside Corporate Innovation
Strategy, Structure and Managerial Skills, New York: The Free Press
[35] Barringer, B. R., and Bluedorn, A. C. (1999), Corporate
entrepreneurship and strategic management, Strategic Management
Journal, 20, 421-444
[36] Ireland, R. D., Covin, J. G. and Kuratko, D. F. (2009), Conceptualizing
corporate entrepreneurship strategy, Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice, 33(1), 19-46
[37] MacMillan, l.c., Block, Z., and Narashima, P.N.S. (1986), Corporate
venturing: alternatives, obstacles encountered, and experience effects.
Journal of Business Venturing, l(2), 177-192
[38] Kanter, R.M. (1989), When Giants Learn to Dance, New York, NY:
Simon & Schuster, Inc.
[39] Zahra, S. (1989), Organizational strategy, innovation and performance,
Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 49th Annual
Meeting, 349-353
[40] Nielsen, R.P., Peters, M.P., and Hisrich, R.D. (1985), Entrepreneurship
strategy for internal markets-corporate, non profit, and government
institution cases, Strategic Management Journal, 6, 181-190
[41] Zahra, S. A., and Pearce, J.A. II (1994), Corporate
entrepreneurship in smaller firms: The role of environment, strategy and
organization, Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change, 3(1), 31-44
[42] Wortman, M. S. (1987), Entrepreneurship: An integrating typology and
evaluation of the empirical research in the field, Journal of
Management, 13(2), 259-270
[43] Carrier, C. (1996), Intrapreneurship in Small Businesses: An
Exploratory Study, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21, 5-20
[44] Fitzsimmons, J. R., Douglas, E. J., Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R. D.
(2005), Intrapreneurship in Australian firms, Journal of Management &
Organization, 11(1), 17-27
[45] A─ƒca, V., Topal, Y. and Kaya, H. (2009), Linking intrapreneurship
activities to multidimensional firm performance in Turkish
manufacturing firms: an empirical study, International Entrepreneurship
and Management Journal, published online 24 November
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:60510", author = "Dr. Christos S. Nicolaidis and Georgia C. Kosta", title = "Intrapreneurship as a Unique Competitive Advantage", abstract = "Intrapreneurship, a term used to describe
entrepreneurship within existing organizations, has been
acknowledged in international literature and practice as a vital
element of economic and organizational growth, success and
competitiveness and can be considered as a unique competitive
advantage. The purpose of the paper is, first, to provide a
comprehensive analysis of the concept of intrapreneurship, and,
second, to highlight the need for a different approach in the research
on the field of intrapreneurship. Concluding, the paper suggests
directions for future research.", keywords = "Intrapreneurship, entrepreneurship, uniquecompetitive advantage, competitiveness", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "1621-5", }
