Influence of Thermal Cycle on Temperature Dependent Process Parameters Involved in GTA Welded High Carbon Steel Joints
In this research article a comprehensive investigation
has been carried out to determine the effect of thermal cycle on
temperature dependent process parameters developed during gas
tungsten arc (GTA) welding of high carbon (AISI 1090) steel butt
joints. An experiment based thermal analysis has been performed to
obtain the thermal history. We have focused on different
thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, heat transfer
coefficient and cooling rate. Angular torch model has been utilized to
find out the surface heat flux and its variation along the fusion zone as
well as along the longitudinal direction from fusion boundary. After
welding and formation of weld pool, heat transfer coefficient varies
rapidly in the vicinity of molten weld bead and heat affected zone. To
evaluate the heat transfer coefficient near the fusion line and near the
rear end of the plate (low temperature region), established correlation
has been implemented and has been compared with empirical
correlation which is noted as coupled convective and radiation heat
transfer coefficient. Change in thermal conductivity has been
visualized by analytical model of moving point heat source. Rate of
cooling has been estimated by using 2-dimensional mathematical
expression of cooling rate and it has shown good agreement with
experimental temperature cycle. Thermophysical properties have been
varied randomly within 0 -10s time span.
[1] Rosenthal D., “The theory of moving sources of heat and its applications
to metal treatments”, Trans. ASME, Vol. 68, 1946, pp. 849-865.
[2] Myers P. O. Et al., “Fundamentals of heat flow in welding”, Welding
Research Council Bulletin, 1967, no. 123.
[3] Pavelic V. Et al., “Experimental and computed temperatures histories in
gas tungsten arc welding of thin plates, Welding Journal Research
Supplement”, 1969, Vol. 48, pp. 2952-305s.
[4] Metcalfe J.C. and M. B. C. Quigley; “Heat Transfer in Plasma Arc
Welding”, Welding Research Supplement, AWS, 1975, vol. 3, pp. 99 -
104.
[5] Goldak J. Et al.: “A finite element model for welding heat sources”,
Metallurgical Transactions B., 1984, vol. 15B, pp. 299 - 305.
[6] Tsai N. S. and Eagar T. W.; “Changes of weld pool shape by variation in
the distribution of heat source in arc welding”, Modeling of Casting and
Welding Processes II, 1984, AMIE New York, 317.
[7] Kumar B. V. Et al., “Welding of Thin Plates: A new model for thermal
analysis”, Journal of Materials Science (Chapman and Hall), 1992, vol.
27, pp. 203 - 209.
[8] Little G. H. and Kamtekar A. G., “The effect of thermal properties and
weld efficiency on transient temperatures during welding”, Computers
and Structures, 1998, vol. 68, pp. 157 - 165.
[9] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
part I. General solutions”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,
2000, Vol. 31B, pp. 1353 - 1370.
[10] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
part II. Effect of thermophysical properties with temperature”,
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001, Vol. 33B, pp. 483 -
499.
[11] Zhu X. K. and Chao Y. J., “Effect of temperature dependent material
properties on welding simulation”, Computers and Structures, 2002, vol.
80, pp. 967 - 976.
[12] Poorhaydari K. Et al., “Estimation of cooling rate in the welding of
plates with intermediate thickness”, Welding Journal, 2005, pp. 149s -
155s.
[13] Lu Fenggui Et al., “Numerical simulation on interaction between TIG
welding arc and weld pool”, Computational Materials Science, 2006, vil.
35, pp. 458 - 465.
[14] Mousavi Akbari S. A. A. and Miresmaeili R., “Experimental and
numerical analyses of residual stress distributions in TIG welding
process for 304L stainless steel”, Journal of Material Processing
Technology, 2008, vol. 208, pp. 383 - 394.
[15] Zeng Zhi Et al., “Numerical and experimental investigation on
temperature distribution of the discontinuous welding”, Computational
Materials Science, 2009, vol. 44, pp. 153 - 1162.
[16] Del Coz Diaz J. J. Et al., “Comparative analysis of TIG welding
distortions between austenitic and duplex stainless steels by FEM”,
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 2448 - 2459.
[17] Traidia A. and Roger E., “Numerical and experimental study of arc and
weld pool behaviour for pulsed current GTA welding”, International
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, vol. 54, pp. 2163 - 2179.
[18] Lee Hwa Teng and Chen Chun Te, “Predicting effect of temperature
field on sensitization of alloy 690 weldments”, Materials Transactions,
The Japan Institute of Metals, vol. 52 (9), pp. 1824 - 1831.
[19] Das R. Et al., “Welding heat transfer analysis using element free galerkin
method”, Advanced Materials Research, 2012, vol. 410, pp. 298 - 301.
[20] Pathak C. S. Et al., “Analysis of thermal cycle during multipass arc
welding”, Welding Journal, 2012, vol. 91, pp. 149s - 154s.
[21] Tong Zhang Et al., “A dynamic welding heat source model in pulsed
current gas tungsten arc welding”, Journal of Material Processing
Technology, 2013, vol. 213, pp. 2329 - 2338.
[22] Dal Morgan, Masson Philippe Le and Carin Muriel, “A model
comparison to predict heat transfer during spot GTA welding”,
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014, vol. 75, pp. 54 - 64.
[23] Ravisankar A. Et al., “Influence of welding speed and power on residual
stress during gas tungsten arc welding of thin sections with constant heat
input: A study using numerical simulation and experimental validation”,
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 200 - 211.
[24] Kong Fanrong and Kovacevic Radovan, “3D finite element modeling of
the thermally induced residual stress in the hybrid laser/arc welding of
lap joint”, Journal of Material Processing Technology, 2010, vol. 210,
pp. 941 - 950.
[25] Carslaw H. S. and Jaeger J. S., “Conduction of Heat in Solids”, Oxford
University Press, 2nd ed., 1959, Oxford, United kingdom.
[26] Desai R. S. and Bag S., “Influence of displacement constraints in
thermomechanical analysis of laser micro-spot welding process”,
Journal of Manufacturing Process, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 164 - 175.
[27] Kou Sindo, “Welding Metallurgy”, Willey-Interscience, A John Willey
and Sons inc. Publication, 2nd ed., 2003, 111 River street, Hoboken, New
Jersey 07030.
[28] ASM Handbook, “Welding, Brazing and Soldering”, ASM
International, Vol. 6, 1993.
[1] Rosenthal D., “The theory of moving sources of heat and its applications
to metal treatments”, Trans. ASME, Vol. 68, 1946, pp. 849-865.
[2] Myers P. O. Et al., “Fundamentals of heat flow in welding”, Welding
Research Council Bulletin, 1967, no. 123.
[3] Pavelic V. Et al., “Experimental and computed temperatures histories in
gas tungsten arc welding of thin plates, Welding Journal Research
Supplement”, 1969, Vol. 48, pp. 2952-305s.
[4] Metcalfe J.C. and M. B. C. Quigley; “Heat Transfer in Plasma Arc
Welding”, Welding Research Supplement, AWS, 1975, vol. 3, pp. 99 -
104.
[5] Goldak J. Et al.: “A finite element model for welding heat sources”,
Metallurgical Transactions B., 1984, vol. 15B, pp. 299 - 305.
[6] Tsai N. S. and Eagar T. W.; “Changes of weld pool shape by variation in
the distribution of heat source in arc welding”, Modeling of Casting and
Welding Processes II, 1984, AMIE New York, 317.
[7] Kumar B. V. Et al., “Welding of Thin Plates: A new model for thermal
analysis”, Journal of Materials Science (Chapman and Hall), 1992, vol.
27, pp. 203 - 209.
[8] Little G. H. and Kamtekar A. G., “The effect of thermal properties and
weld efficiency on transient temperatures during welding”, Computers
and Structures, 1998, vol. 68, pp. 157 - 165.
[9] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
part I. General solutions”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,
2000, Vol. 31B, pp. 1353 - 1370.
[10] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
part II. Effect of thermophysical properties with temperature”,
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001, Vol. 33B, pp. 483 -
499.
[11] Zhu X. K. and Chao Y. J., “Effect of temperature dependent material
properties on welding simulation”, Computers and Structures, 2002, vol.
80, pp. 967 - 976.
[12] Poorhaydari K. Et al., “Estimation of cooling rate in the welding of
plates with intermediate thickness”, Welding Journal, 2005, pp. 149s -
155s.
[13] Lu Fenggui Et al., “Numerical simulation on interaction between TIG
welding arc and weld pool”, Computational Materials Science, 2006, vil.
35, pp. 458 - 465.
[14] Mousavi Akbari S. A. A. and Miresmaeili R., “Experimental and
numerical analyses of residual stress distributions in TIG welding
process for 304L stainless steel”, Journal of Material Processing
Technology, 2008, vol. 208, pp. 383 - 394.
[15] Zeng Zhi Et al., “Numerical and experimental investigation on
temperature distribution of the discontinuous welding”, Computational
Materials Science, 2009, vol. 44, pp. 153 - 1162.
[16] Del Coz Diaz J. J. Et al., “Comparative analysis of TIG welding
distortions between austenitic and duplex stainless steels by FEM”,
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 2448 - 2459.
[17] Traidia A. and Roger E., “Numerical and experimental study of arc and
weld pool behaviour for pulsed current GTA welding”, International
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, vol. 54, pp. 2163 - 2179.
[18] Lee Hwa Teng and Chen Chun Te, “Predicting effect of temperature
field on sensitization of alloy 690 weldments”, Materials Transactions,
The Japan Institute of Metals, vol. 52 (9), pp. 1824 - 1831.
[19] Das R. Et al., “Welding heat transfer analysis using element free galerkin
method”, Advanced Materials Research, 2012, vol. 410, pp. 298 - 301.
[20] Pathak C. S. Et al., “Analysis of thermal cycle during multipass arc
welding”, Welding Journal, 2012, vol. 91, pp. 149s - 154s.
[21] Tong Zhang Et al., “A dynamic welding heat source model in pulsed
current gas tungsten arc welding”, Journal of Material Processing
Technology, 2013, vol. 213, pp. 2329 - 2338.
[22] Dal Morgan, Masson Philippe Le and Carin Muriel, “A model
comparison to predict heat transfer during spot GTA welding”,
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014, vol. 75, pp. 54 - 64.
[23] Ravisankar A. Et al., “Influence of welding speed and power on residual
stress during gas tungsten arc welding of thin sections with constant heat
input: A study using numerical simulation and experimental validation”,
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 200 - 211.
[24] Kong Fanrong and Kovacevic Radovan, “3D finite element modeling of
the thermally induced residual stress in the hybrid laser/arc welding of
lap joint”, Journal of Material Processing Technology, 2010, vol. 210,
pp. 941 - 950.
[25] Carslaw H. S. and Jaeger J. S., “Conduction of Heat in Solids”, Oxford
University Press, 2nd ed., 1959, Oxford, United kingdom.
[26] Desai R. S. and Bag S., “Influence of displacement constraints in
thermomechanical analysis of laser micro-spot welding process”,
Journal of Manufacturing Process, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 164 - 175.
[27] Kou Sindo, “Welding Metallurgy”, Willey-Interscience, A John Willey
and Sons inc. Publication, 2nd ed., 2003, 111 River street, Hoboken, New
Jersey 07030.
[28] ASM Handbook, “Welding, Brazing and Soldering”, ASM
International, Vol. 6, 1993.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:68543", author = "J. Dutta and Narendranath S.", title = "Influence of Thermal Cycle on Temperature Dependent Process Parameters Involved in GTA Welded High Carbon Steel Joints", abstract = "In this research article a comprehensive investigation
has been carried out to determine the effect of thermal cycle on
temperature dependent process parameters developed during gas
tungsten arc (GTA) welding of high carbon (AISI 1090) steel butt
joints. An experiment based thermal analysis has been performed to
obtain the thermal history. We have focused on different
thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, heat transfer
coefficient and cooling rate. Angular torch model has been utilized to
find out the surface heat flux and its variation along the fusion zone as
well as along the longitudinal direction from fusion boundary. After
welding and formation of weld pool, heat transfer coefficient varies
rapidly in the vicinity of molten weld bead and heat affected zone. To
evaluate the heat transfer coefficient near the fusion line and near the
rear end of the plate (low temperature region), established correlation
has been implemented and has been compared with empirical
correlation which is noted as coupled convective and radiation heat
transfer coefficient. Change in thermal conductivity has been
visualized by analytical model of moving point heat source. Rate of
cooling has been estimated by using 2-dimensional mathematical
expression of cooling rate and it has shown good agreement with
experimental temperature cycle. Thermophysical properties have been
varied randomly within 0 -10s time span.
", keywords = "Thermal history, Gas tungsten arc welding, Butt joint,
High carbon steel.", volume = "8", number = "9", pages = "1634-7", }
