In-situ Quasistatic Compression and Microstructural Characterization of Aluminum Foams of Different Cell Topology
Metallic foams have good potential for lightweight
structures for impact and blast mitigation. Therefore it is important to
find out the optimized foam structure (i.e. cell size, shape, relative
density, and distribution) to maximise energy absorption. In this
paper, quasistatic compression and microstructural characterization
of closed-cell aluminium foams of different pore size and cell
distributions have been carried out. We present results for two
different aluminium metal foams of density 0.49-0.51 g/cc and 0.31-
0.34 g/cc respectively that have been tested in quasi-static
compression. The influence of cell geometry and cell topology on
quasistatic compression behaviour has been investigated using optical
microscope and computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. It is
shown that the deformation is not uniform in the structure and
collapse begins at the weakest point.
[1] H.P. Degischer, B.E. Kriszt, “Handbook of Cellular Metals: Production,
Processing Applications,” in Willy-VCH, 2002.
[2] E. Raj, V. Parameswaran and B.S.S. Daniel, “Comparison of quasi-static
and dynamic compression behavior of closed-cell aluminum foam,”
Materials Science and Engineering, vol. A.526 (1-2), 2009, pp. 11-155.
[3] E. Raj and B.S.S. Daniel, “Customization of closed-cell aluminum foam
properties using design of experiments,” Materials Science and
Engineering, vol. A.528 (4-5), 2011, pp. 11-155.
[4] P.J. Tan, S.R. Reid, J.J. Zou and S. Li, “Dynamic compressive strength
properties of aluminium foams. Part II - 'shock' theory and comparison
with experimental data and numerical models,” Journal of the
Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 53(10), 2005, pp. 2206-2230.
[5] L.J. Gibson and M.F. Ashby, “Cellular solids: structure and properties,”
Cambridge university press. 1999.
[6] H Toda , T Kobayashi,N. Niinomi,T Ohgaki, M. Kobayshi, N. Kuroda,
and Y. Aruga, “Quantitative assessment of microstructure and its effects
on compression behaviour of aluminum foams via high-resolution
synchrotron X-ray tomography,” Metallurgical and Materials
Transactions, vol. 37(4), 2006, pp.1211-1219.
[7] P. Kenesei, C. Kádár, Z. Rajkovits, and J. Lendvai, “The influence of
cell-size distribution on the plastic deformation in metal foams,”. Scripta
Materialia, vol. 50(2), 2004, pp. 295-300.
[8] C. Kádár, E. Maire, A. Borbély, G. Peix, J. Lendvai, and Z. Rajkovits
“X-ray tomography and finite element simulation of the indentation
behavior of metal foams,”. Materials Science and Engineering, vol. A,
387-389 (1-2), 2004, pp.321-325.
[9] R.P. Merrett, G.S. Langdon, and M.D. Theobald, “The blast and impact
loading of aluminium foam,” Materials and Design, vol. 44, 2003, pp.
311-319.
[10] M.F. Ashby, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck., L.J. Gibson, “Metal Foams: a
design guide,” Huchinson, J.W. & Wadley, H.N.G. Butterworth-
Heinemann. Publications, 2000.
[11] M.F. Ashby, R.F. M. Medalist, “The mechanical properties of cellular
solids,” Metallurgical Transactions, vol. A, 14(9), 1983, pp.1755-1769
[12] E. W .Andrews, C. Gioux, P.R. Onck and L.J. Gibson, “Size effect in
ductile cellular solids, Part II: experimental results,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
vol. 43, 2001, pp.701–713.
[13] C. Chen, N.A. Fleck Size effects in the constrained deformation of
metallic foams, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 50,
2002, pp.955 – 97.
[14] A.F. Bastawros, H.B. Smith and A.G. Evans, “Experimental analysis of
deformation mechanics of closed-cell aluminium alloy foam,” J. of
Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 48, 2000, pp.301-322.
[15] P. Kenesi, C. Kadar, Z. Rajkovits and J. Lendvai, “The influence of
cell-size distribution on the plastic deformation in metal foams” Scripta
Materialia, vol. 50, 2004, pp.295-300.
[16] X. Cao, Z. Wang, H. Ma and L. Zhao, “Effects of cell size on
compressive properties of aluminium foam,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Of
China, vol. 16, 2006, pp.351-356.
[17] M.R. Said and C. Tan, “The response of Aluminium Foams under
Quasi-static loading,” Chiang Mai J. Csi., Vol. 35(2), ,2008, 241-249
[18] A.E. Markaki and T.W. Clyne, “The effects of cell wall microstructure
on the deformation and fracture of aluminium-based foams,” Acta
Materilia, vol. 49, 2001, pp.1677-1686.
[19] I. Jeon, K. Katou, T. Sonoda, T. Asahina, and K.J. Kang, “Cell wall
mechanical properties of closed-cell Al foam,” Mechanics of Materials,
vol. 41(1), 2009, pp.60-73.
[20] Y. Mu, G.Yao,L. Liang , H. Lou and G. Zu , “ Deformation of close-cell
aluminium foam in compression” Scriptal Materilia, vol.63, 2010, pp.
629-632.
[21] D. Ruan, G. Lu, F.L. Chen, E. Siores, “ Compressive behavior of
aluminium foams at low and medium strain rates” , J. Composite
Structures, vol. 57, 2002, pp. 331-336.
[22] Y. Sugamura , J. Meyer, M.Y. He, H. Bart-smith, J. Grenstedt and A.G.
Evans, “On the mechanical performance of closed cell Al alloy foam.”
Acta Materilia, vol.45 (12), 1007, pp.5245-5259.
[23] Q. Zhang, P.D. Lee, R. Singh, G. Wu and T.C. Lindley, “Micro-CT
characterization of structural features and deformation behavior of fly
ash/aluminium syntactic foam,” Acta Materialia, vol. 57, 2009, pp.3001-
3011.
[1] H.P. Degischer, B.E. Kriszt, “Handbook of Cellular Metals: Production,
Processing Applications,” in Willy-VCH, 2002.
[2] E. Raj, V. Parameswaran and B.S.S. Daniel, “Comparison of quasi-static
and dynamic compression behavior of closed-cell aluminum foam,”
Materials Science and Engineering, vol. A.526 (1-2), 2009, pp. 11-155.
[3] E. Raj and B.S.S. Daniel, “Customization of closed-cell aluminum foam
properties using design of experiments,” Materials Science and
Engineering, vol. A.528 (4-5), 2011, pp. 11-155.
[4] P.J. Tan, S.R. Reid, J.J. Zou and S. Li, “Dynamic compressive strength
properties of aluminium foams. Part II - 'shock' theory and comparison
with experimental data and numerical models,” Journal of the
Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 53(10), 2005, pp. 2206-2230.
[5] L.J. Gibson and M.F. Ashby, “Cellular solids: structure and properties,”
Cambridge university press. 1999.
[6] H Toda , T Kobayashi,N. Niinomi,T Ohgaki, M. Kobayshi, N. Kuroda,
and Y. Aruga, “Quantitative assessment of microstructure and its effects
on compression behaviour of aluminum foams via high-resolution
synchrotron X-ray tomography,” Metallurgical and Materials
Transactions, vol. 37(4), 2006, pp.1211-1219.
[7] P. Kenesei, C. Kádár, Z. Rajkovits, and J. Lendvai, “The influence of
cell-size distribution on the plastic deformation in metal foams,”. Scripta
Materialia, vol. 50(2), 2004, pp. 295-300.
[8] C. Kádár, E. Maire, A. Borbély, G. Peix, J. Lendvai, and Z. Rajkovits
“X-ray tomography and finite element simulation of the indentation
behavior of metal foams,”. Materials Science and Engineering, vol. A,
387-389 (1-2), 2004, pp.321-325.
[9] R.P. Merrett, G.S. Langdon, and M.D. Theobald, “The blast and impact
loading of aluminium foam,” Materials and Design, vol. 44, 2003, pp.
311-319.
[10] M.F. Ashby, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck., L.J. Gibson, “Metal Foams: a
design guide,” Huchinson, J.W. & Wadley, H.N.G. Butterworth-
Heinemann. Publications, 2000.
[11] M.F. Ashby, R.F. M. Medalist, “The mechanical properties of cellular
solids,” Metallurgical Transactions, vol. A, 14(9), 1983, pp.1755-1769
[12] E. W .Andrews, C. Gioux, P.R. Onck and L.J. Gibson, “Size effect in
ductile cellular solids, Part II: experimental results,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
vol. 43, 2001, pp.701–713.
[13] C. Chen, N.A. Fleck Size effects in the constrained deformation of
metallic foams, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 50,
2002, pp.955 – 97.
[14] A.F. Bastawros, H.B. Smith and A.G. Evans, “Experimental analysis of
deformation mechanics of closed-cell aluminium alloy foam,” J. of
Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 48, 2000, pp.301-322.
[15] P. Kenesi, C. Kadar, Z. Rajkovits and J. Lendvai, “The influence of
cell-size distribution on the plastic deformation in metal foams” Scripta
Materialia, vol. 50, 2004, pp.295-300.
[16] X. Cao, Z. Wang, H. Ma and L. Zhao, “Effects of cell size on
compressive properties of aluminium foam,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Of
China, vol. 16, 2006, pp.351-356.
[17] M.R. Said and C. Tan, “The response of Aluminium Foams under
Quasi-static loading,” Chiang Mai J. Csi., Vol. 35(2), ,2008, 241-249
[18] A.E. Markaki and T.W. Clyne, “The effects of cell wall microstructure
on the deformation and fracture of aluminium-based foams,” Acta
Materilia, vol. 49, 2001, pp.1677-1686.
[19] I. Jeon, K. Katou, T. Sonoda, T. Asahina, and K.J. Kang, “Cell wall
mechanical properties of closed-cell Al foam,” Mechanics of Materials,
vol. 41(1), 2009, pp.60-73.
[20] Y. Mu, G.Yao,L. Liang , H. Lou and G. Zu , “ Deformation of close-cell
aluminium foam in compression” Scriptal Materilia, vol.63, 2010, pp.
629-632.
[21] D. Ruan, G. Lu, F.L. Chen, E. Siores, “ Compressive behavior of
aluminium foams at low and medium strain rates” , J. Composite
Structures, vol. 57, 2002, pp. 331-336.
[22] Y. Sugamura , J. Meyer, M.Y. He, H. Bart-smith, J. Grenstedt and A.G.
Evans, “On the mechanical performance of closed cell Al alloy foam.”
Acta Materilia, vol.45 (12), 1007, pp.5245-5259.
[23] Q. Zhang, P.D. Lee, R. Singh, G. Wu and T.C. Lindley, “Micro-CT
characterization of structural features and deformation behavior of fly
ash/aluminium syntactic foam,” Acta Materialia, vol. 57, 2009, pp.3001-
3011.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:68347", author = "M. A. Islam and P. J. Hazell and J. P. Escobedo and M. Saadatfar", title = "In-situ Quasistatic Compression and Microstructural Characterization of Aluminum Foams of Different Cell Topology", abstract = "Metallic foams have good potential for lightweight
structures for impact and blast mitigation. Therefore it is important to
find out the optimized foam structure (i.e. cell size, shape, relative
density, and distribution) to maximise energy absorption. In this
paper, quasistatic compression and microstructural characterization
of closed-cell aluminium foams of different pore size and cell
distributions have been carried out. We present results for two
different aluminium metal foams of density 0.49-0.51 g/cc and 0.31-
0.34 g/cc respectively that have been tested in quasi-static
compression. The influence of cell geometry and cell topology on
quasistatic compression behaviour has been investigated using optical
microscope and computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. It is
shown that the deformation is not uniform in the structure and
collapse begins at the weakest point.
", keywords = "Metal foams, micro-CT, cell topology, quasistatic
compression.", volume = "8", number = "12", pages = "1285-6", }
