Histopathological Changes in Liver and Muscle of Tilapia Fish from QIRE Exposed to Concentrations of Heavy Metals
Toxicity of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) to
Tilapia guinensis was carried out for 4 days with a view to
determining their effects on the liver and muscle tissues. Tilapia
guinensis samples of about 10 - 14cm length and 0.2 – 0.4kg weight
each were obtained from University of Calabar fish ponds and
acclimated for three (3) days before the experimental set up.
Survivors after the 96-hr LC50 test period were selected from test
solutions of the heavy metals for the histopathological studies.
Histological preparations of liver and muscle tissues were randomly
examined for histopathological lesions. Results of the histological
examinations showed gross abnormalities in the liver tissues due to
pathological and degenerative changes compared to liver and muscle
tissues from control samples (tilapia fishes from aquaria without
heavy metals). Extensive hepatocyte necrosis with chronic
inflammatory changes was observed in the liver of fishes exposed to
Cu solution. Similar but less damaging effects were observed in the
liver of fishes exposed to Pb and Fe. The extent of lesion observed
was therefore heavy metal-related. However, no pathologic changes
occurred in the muscle tissues.
[1] J. C. Reis. Coping with the waste stream from Drilling for oil.
Proceedings, Ecoworld’92 Conference, June, 14-17 in Washington D.
C., 1992
[2] G. B. Sangalang, H. C. Freeman and R. Crowell. Testicular abnormalties
in cod (Gadus morhua) fed arochlor 1254. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. Vol. 10, Pp. 617 – 626, 1981.
[3] J. M. Nwaedozie. The determination of heavy metal pollutants in fish
samples from river Kaduna. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 23, 21-23, 1998.
[4] K. Koponen, M. S. Myers, O. Ritola, S. E. Huuskonen & P. Lindströmseppä.
Histopathology of feral fish from a PCB-contaminated freshwater
lake. Ambio, 30, 122 – 126, 2001.
[5] I. R. Udotong and J. I. R. Udotong. Health Risk Assessment in the Oil
and Gas industries in Nigeria. In: Environmental Pollution and
Management in the Tropics (E. N. Adinna, O. B. Ekop, and V. I. Attah;
Eds.) SNAAP Press Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria, 205-229, 2003.
[6] O. U. Eka and I. R. Udotong. A case study of effects of Incessant Oil
Spills from Mobil producing Nigeria Unlimited on Human Health in
Akwa Ibom State. In: Environmental Pollution and Management in the
Tropics (E. N. Adinna, O. B. Ekop, and V. I. Attah; Eds.) SNAAP Press
Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria, 205-229, 2003.
[7] J. I. R. Udotong. Bioaccumulation and biotoxicity of heavy metals,
polychlorinated biphenyls andhydrocarbons in tilapia, periwinkle and
oysters from Qua Iboe River estuary. Ph. D thesis, University of calabar,
Calabar, Nigeria, P. 95, 2004.
[8] M. Ahsannulah. Acute toxicity of Zinc and Cadmium to seven
invertebrate species from Western Port, Victoria. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh
wat. Res., 27, 187 –196, 1976.
[9] J. B. Spraque. The ABC’s of pollutant bioassay using fish. In: Biological
methods for the assessment of water quality. ASTM Special Technical
Publication, 528, .6–30, 1973.
[10] K. A. Ochei. Medical laboratory Science: Theory and Practice; 9th, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Pp. 396¬-482, 2008.
[11] J. Schwaiger, R. Wanke, S. Adam, M. Pawert, W. Honnen and R.
Triebskorn. The Use of histopathological indicators to evaluate
contaminated – related stress in fish. J. Aquat. Ecosystem. Stress Recov.
Vol. 6, Pp. 75 – 86, 1997.
[12] D. J. Ferner. Toxicity, Heavy metals. eMed. J. 2(5), 2001.
[1] J. C. Reis. Coping with the waste stream from Drilling for oil.
Proceedings, Ecoworld’92 Conference, June, 14-17 in Washington D.
C., 1992
[2] G. B. Sangalang, H. C. Freeman and R. Crowell. Testicular abnormalties
in cod (Gadus morhua) fed arochlor 1254. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. Vol. 10, Pp. 617 – 626, 1981.
[3] J. M. Nwaedozie. The determination of heavy metal pollutants in fish
samples from river Kaduna. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 23, 21-23, 1998.
[4] K. Koponen, M. S. Myers, O. Ritola, S. E. Huuskonen & P. Lindströmseppä.
Histopathology of feral fish from a PCB-contaminated freshwater
lake. Ambio, 30, 122 – 126, 2001.
[5] I. R. Udotong and J. I. R. Udotong. Health Risk Assessment in the Oil
and Gas industries in Nigeria. In: Environmental Pollution and
Management in the Tropics (E. N. Adinna, O. B. Ekop, and V. I. Attah;
Eds.) SNAAP Press Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria, 205-229, 2003.
[6] O. U. Eka and I. R. Udotong. A case study of effects of Incessant Oil
Spills from Mobil producing Nigeria Unlimited on Human Health in
Akwa Ibom State. In: Environmental Pollution and Management in the
Tropics (E. N. Adinna, O. B. Ekop, and V. I. Attah; Eds.) SNAAP Press
Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria, 205-229, 2003.
[7] J. I. R. Udotong. Bioaccumulation and biotoxicity of heavy metals,
polychlorinated biphenyls andhydrocarbons in tilapia, periwinkle and
oysters from Qua Iboe River estuary. Ph. D thesis, University of calabar,
Calabar, Nigeria, P. 95, 2004.
[8] M. Ahsannulah. Acute toxicity of Zinc and Cadmium to seven
invertebrate species from Western Port, Victoria. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh
wat. Res., 27, 187 –196, 1976.
[9] J. B. Spraque. The ABC’s of pollutant bioassay using fish. In: Biological
methods for the assessment of water quality. ASTM Special Technical
Publication, 528, .6–30, 1973.
[10] K. A. Ochei. Medical laboratory Science: Theory and Practice; 9th, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Pp. 396¬-482, 2008.
[11] J. Schwaiger, R. Wanke, S. Adam, M. Pawert, W. Honnen and R.
Triebskorn. The Use of histopathological indicators to evaluate
contaminated – related stress in fish. J. Aquat. Ecosystem. Stress Recov.
Vol. 6, Pp. 75 – 86, 1997.
[12] D. J. Ferner. Toxicity, Heavy metals. eMed. J. 2(5), 2001.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:70302", author = "Justina I. R. Udotong", title = "Histopathological Changes in Liver and Muscle of Tilapia Fish from QIRE Exposed to Concentrations of Heavy Metals", abstract = "Toxicity of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) to
Tilapia guinensis was carried out for 4 days with a view to
determining their effects on the liver and muscle tissues. Tilapia
guinensis samples of about 10 - 14cm length and 0.2 – 0.4kg weight
each were obtained from University of Calabar fish ponds and
acclimated for three (3) days before the experimental set up.
Survivors after the 96-hr LC50 test period were selected from test
solutions of the heavy metals for the histopathological studies.
Histological preparations of liver and muscle tissues were randomly
examined for histopathological lesions. Results of the histological
examinations showed gross abnormalities in the liver tissues due to
pathological and degenerative changes compared to liver and muscle
tissues from control samples (tilapia fishes from aquaria without
heavy metals). Extensive hepatocyte necrosis with chronic
inflammatory changes was observed in the liver of fishes exposed to
Cu solution. Similar but less damaging effects were observed in the
liver of fishes exposed to Pb and Fe. The extent of lesion observed
was therefore heavy metal-related. However, no pathologic changes
occurred in the muscle tissues.", keywords = "Degenerative changes, heavy metal, hepatocyte
necrosis, histopathology, toxicity.", volume = "9", number = "6", pages = "659-4", }