Estimating Spatial Disaggregation of Urban Thermal Responsiveness on Summer Diurnal Range with a Numerical Modeling Approach in Bangkok, Thailand
Facing the concern of the population to its environment and to climatic change, city planners are now considering the urban climate in their choices of planning. The urban climate, representing different urban morphologies across central Bangkok metropolitan area (BMA), are used to investigates the effects of both the composition and configuration of variables of urban morphology indicators on the summer diurnal range of urban climate, using correlation analyses and multiple linear regressions. Results show first indicate that approximately 92.6% of the variation in the average maximum daytime near-surface air temperature (Ta) was explained jointly by the two composition variables of urban morphology indicators including open space ratio (OSR) and floor area ratio (FAR). It has been possible to determine the membership of sample areas to the local climate zones (LCZs) using these urban morphology descriptors automatically computed with GIS and remote sensed data. Finally result found the temperature differences among zones of large separation, such as the city center could be respectively from 35.48±1.04ºC (Mean±S.D.) warmer than the outskirt of Bangkok on average for maximum daytime near surface temperature to 28.27±0.21ºC for extreme event and, can exceed as 8ºC. A spatially disaggregation of urban thermal responsiveness map would be helpful for several reasons. First, it would localize urban areas concerned by different climate behavior over summer daytime and be a good indicator of urban climate variability. Second, when overlaid with a land cover map, this map may contribute to identify possible urban management strategies to reduce heat wave effects in BMA.
[1] Poumadere, M.,Mays,C.,LeMer,S.,&Blong,R, "The 2003 heat wave in France: Dangerous climate change here and now. Risk Annual", 25(6), 2005, pp. 1483-1494.
[2] Akbari,H.,Rosenfeld,A.,Taha,H.,&Gartland,L, "Mitigation of summer urban heat islands to save electricity and smog. In 76th Annual American Meteorological Society Meeting Atlanta", GA, 1996.
[3] Akbari, H.,Pomerantz,M.,&Taha,H., "Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve airquality in urban areas. Solar Energy", 70, 2001, pp. 295-310.
[4] Oke, T.R., "Street design and urban canopy layer climate. Energy and Buildings 11", 1988, pp.103-113.
[5] Givoni, B., "Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design". Wiley, 1998.
[6] Clarke, A.G., Tomlin, A.S., "The atmosphere. In: Understanding Our Environment: an Introduction to Environmental Chemistry and Pollution". Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
[7] Chan, L.Y., Kwok, W.S., Lee, S.C., Chan, C.Y., "Spatial variation of mass concentration of roadside suspended particulate matter in metropolitan Hong Kong". Atmospheric Environment 35, 2001, pp.3167-3176.
[8] Chan, A.T., Au, W.T.W., So, E.S.P., "Strategic guidelines for street canyon geometry to achieve sustainable street air quality Part II: multiple canyons and canopies". Atmospheric Environment 37, 2003, pp.2761-2'7'72.
[9] Kastner-Klein, P., Berkowicz, R., Britter, RE., "The influence of street architecture on flow and dispersion in street canyons", 2004.
[10] Oke,T.R., "Initial guidance to obtain representative meteorological observations at urban sites. TOM Report No. 81, WMO=TD No. 1250", Geneva: World Meteorol Organiz http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/ IMOP/publications/I0M-81/10M-81UrbanMet Obs.pdf, 2004.
[11] Nyuk H.W., Steve K.J., Chun L.T., "Integrated urban microclimate assessment method as a sustainable urban development and urban design tool". Landscape and Urban Planning 100, 2011, pp.386-389.
[12] Baklanov, A., Mestayer, P., Clappier, A., Zilitinkevich, S., Joffre, S., Mahura, A., Nielsen, N.W., "On the parameterisation of the urban atmospheric sub-layer in meteorological models". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, 2005, pp.12119-12176.
[13] Marcelo C. C. Stabile, Inakwu 0. A. Odeh, Alex B. Mcbratney. "Fusion of high-resolusion aerial orthophoto with Landsat TM image for improved object-based land-use classification". Asian conference on remote sensing. http://www.a-a-r-s.org, 2009.
[14] Kurtz, C., Passat, N., Gancarski, P., Puissant, A., "Multi-resolution region-based clustering for urban analysis". International Journal of Remote Sensing 31 (22), 2010, pp.5941-5973.
[15] Tucker, C.J., Townshend, J.R.G., Goff, T.E., "African land-cover classification using satellite data". Science 227 (4685), 1985, pp.369— 375.
[16] Ehrlich, D., Lambin, E.F., "Broad scale land-cover classification and inter annual climatic variability". International Journal of Remote Sensing 17 (5), 1996, pp.845-862.
[17] Y. Julien, J.A. Sobrino, J.-C. Jimenez-Mu-noz, "Land use classification from multitemporal Landsat imagery using the Yearly Land Cover Dynamics (YLCD) method". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 13,2011, pp.711-720.
[18] Golany, G.S., "Urban design morphology and thermal performance". Atmospheric Environment 30,1996, pp.455-465.
[19] Theurer, W., "Typical building arrangements for urban air pollutant modeling". Atmospheric Environment 33,1999, pp.4057-4069.
[20] Adolphe, L., "A simplified model of urban morphology: application to an analysis of the environmental performance of cities". Environment and Planning: Planning and Design 28,2001, pp.183-200.
[21] Huang, J., H. Akbari, and H. Taha. "The Wind-Shielding and Shading Effects of Trees on Residential Heating and Cooling Requirements". ASHRAE Winter Meeting, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Atlanta, Georgia, 1990.
[22] P. Edussuriya, A. Chan, A. Ye. "Urban morphology and air quality in dense residential environments in Hong Kong. Part I: District-level analysis", Atmospheric Environment, 2009, pp.1-15.
[1] Poumadere, M.,Mays,C.,LeMer,S.,&Blong,R, "The 2003 heat wave in France: Dangerous climate change here and now. Risk Annual", 25(6), 2005, pp. 1483-1494.
[2] Akbari,H.,Rosenfeld,A.,Taha,H.,&Gartland,L, "Mitigation of summer urban heat islands to save electricity and smog. In 76th Annual American Meteorological Society Meeting Atlanta", GA, 1996.
[3] Akbari, H.,Pomerantz,M.,&Taha,H., "Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve airquality in urban areas. Solar Energy", 70, 2001, pp. 295-310.
[4] Oke, T.R., "Street design and urban canopy layer climate. Energy and Buildings 11", 1988, pp.103-113.
[5] Givoni, B., "Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design". Wiley, 1998.
[6] Clarke, A.G., Tomlin, A.S., "The atmosphere. In: Understanding Our Environment: an Introduction to Environmental Chemistry and Pollution". Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
[7] Chan, L.Y., Kwok, W.S., Lee, S.C., Chan, C.Y., "Spatial variation of mass concentration of roadside suspended particulate matter in metropolitan Hong Kong". Atmospheric Environment 35, 2001, pp.3167-3176.
[8] Chan, A.T., Au, W.T.W., So, E.S.P., "Strategic guidelines for street canyon geometry to achieve sustainable street air quality Part II: multiple canyons and canopies". Atmospheric Environment 37, 2003, pp.2761-2'7'72.
[9] Kastner-Klein, P., Berkowicz, R., Britter, RE., "The influence of street architecture on flow and dispersion in street canyons", 2004.
[10] Oke,T.R., "Initial guidance to obtain representative meteorological observations at urban sites. TOM Report No. 81, WMO=TD No. 1250", Geneva: World Meteorol Organiz http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/ IMOP/publications/I0M-81/10M-81UrbanMet Obs.pdf, 2004.
[11] Nyuk H.W., Steve K.J., Chun L.T., "Integrated urban microclimate assessment method as a sustainable urban development and urban design tool". Landscape and Urban Planning 100, 2011, pp.386-389.
[12] Baklanov, A., Mestayer, P., Clappier, A., Zilitinkevich, S., Joffre, S., Mahura, A., Nielsen, N.W., "On the parameterisation of the urban atmospheric sub-layer in meteorological models". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, 2005, pp.12119-12176.
[13] Marcelo C. C. Stabile, Inakwu 0. A. Odeh, Alex B. Mcbratney. "Fusion of high-resolusion aerial orthophoto with Landsat TM image for improved object-based land-use classification". Asian conference on remote sensing. http://www.a-a-r-s.org, 2009.
[14] Kurtz, C., Passat, N., Gancarski, P., Puissant, A., "Multi-resolution region-based clustering for urban analysis". International Journal of Remote Sensing 31 (22), 2010, pp.5941-5973.
[15] Tucker, C.J., Townshend, J.R.G., Goff, T.E., "African land-cover classification using satellite data". Science 227 (4685), 1985, pp.369— 375.
[16] Ehrlich, D., Lambin, E.F., "Broad scale land-cover classification and inter annual climatic variability". International Journal of Remote Sensing 17 (5), 1996, pp.845-862.
[17] Y. Julien, J.A. Sobrino, J.-C. Jimenez-Mu-noz, "Land use classification from multitemporal Landsat imagery using the Yearly Land Cover Dynamics (YLCD) method". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 13,2011, pp.711-720.
[18] Golany, G.S., "Urban design morphology and thermal performance". Atmospheric Environment 30,1996, pp.455-465.
[19] Theurer, W., "Typical building arrangements for urban air pollutant modeling". Atmospheric Environment 33,1999, pp.4057-4069.
[20] Adolphe, L., "A simplified model of urban morphology: application to an analysis of the environmental performance of cities". Environment and Planning: Planning and Design 28,2001, pp.183-200.
[21] Huang, J., H. Akbari, and H. Taha. "The Wind-Shielding and Shading Effects of Trees on Residential Heating and Cooling Requirements". ASHRAE Winter Meeting, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Atlanta, Georgia, 1990.
[22] P. Edussuriya, A. Chan, A. Ye. "Urban morphology and air quality in dense residential environments in Hong Kong. Part I: District-level analysis", Atmospheric Environment, 2009, pp.1-15.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:50424", author = "Manat Srivanit and Hokao Kazunori", title = "Estimating Spatial Disaggregation of Urban Thermal Responsiveness on Summer Diurnal Range with a Numerical Modeling Approach in Bangkok, Thailand", abstract = "Facing the concern of the population to its environment and to climatic change, city planners are now considering the urban climate in their choices of planning. The urban climate, representing different urban morphologies across central Bangkok metropolitan area (BMA), are used to investigates the effects of both the composition and configuration of variables of urban morphology indicators on the summer diurnal range of urban climate, using correlation analyses and multiple linear regressions. Results show first indicate that approximately 92.6% of the variation in the average maximum daytime near-surface air temperature (Ta) was explained jointly by the two composition variables of urban morphology indicators including open space ratio (OSR) and floor area ratio (FAR). It has been possible to determine the membership of sample areas to the local climate zones (LCZs) using these urban morphology descriptors automatically computed with GIS and remote sensed data. Finally result found the temperature differences among zones of large separation, such as the city center could be respectively from 35.48±1.04ºC (Mean±S.D.) warmer than the outskirt of Bangkok on average for maximum daytime near surface temperature to 28.27±0.21ºC for extreme event and, can exceed as 8ºC. A spatially disaggregation of urban thermal responsiveness map would be helpful for several reasons. First, it would localize urban areas concerned by different climate behavior over summer daytime and be a good indicator of urban climate variability. Second, when overlaid with a land cover map, this map may contribute to identify possible urban management strategies to reduce heat wave effects in BMA.
", keywords = "Urban climate, Urban morphology, Local climate
zone, Urban planning, GIS and remote sensing", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "668-10", }
