Effect of Self-Compacting Concrete and Aggregate Size on Anchorage Performance at Highly Congested Reinforcement Regions
At highly congested reinforcement regions, which is common at beam-column joint area, clear spacing between parallel bars becomes less than maximum normal aggregate size (20mm) which has not been addressed in any design code and specifications. Limited clear spacing between parallel bars (herein after thin cover) is one of the causes which affect anchorage performance. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to understand anchorage performance of reinforcement in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Normal Concrete (NC) at highly congested regions under uni-axial tensile loading. Column bar was pullout whereas; beam bars were offset from column reinforcement creating thin cover as per site condition. Two different sizes of coarse aggregate were used for NC (20mm and 10mm). Strain gauges were also installed along the bar in some specimens to understand the internal stress mechanism. Test results reveal that anchorage performance is affected at highly congested reinforcement region in NC with maximum aggregate size 20mm whereas; SCC and Small Aggregate (10mm) gives better structural performance.
[1] H. Okamura and M. Ouchi, “Self-Compacting Concrete,” Journal of
Advanced Concrete Technology, JCI, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 5-15, 2003.
[2] K. Yoshitake, H. Orgura and A. Ogawa, “The effect of vertical and
horizontal position of reinforcement for bond condition in beam-column
joint,” Proceedings of 65th JSCE Annual Conference, pp. 1109-1110,
2010. (in Japanese).
[3] G. Russo and F. Romano, “Cracking response of RC members subjected
to uniaxial tension,” Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, vol. 118,
No.5, pp. 1172-1190, 1992.
[4] B.M. Luccioni, D.E. Lopez and R.F. Danesi, “Bond-Slip in Reinforced
Concrete Elements,” Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, vol. 131,
pp. 1690-1698, 2005.
[5] J. Pedziwiatr, “Influence of Internal cracks on bond on cracked concrete
structures,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 8, pp.
91-105, 2008.
[6] P.G. Gambarova and G. P. R.B. Zasso, “Steel-to-Concrete bond after
concrete splitting: tests results,” Materials and Structures, vol. 22, issue 1,
pp. 35-47, 1989.
[7] Y. Goto, “Cracks formed in concrete around tension bars,” American
Concrete Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 68, issue 68, pp. 244-251, 1971.
[8] A. Azizinamini, M. Chisala and S.K. Ghosh, “Tension development
length of reinforcing bars embedded in high-strength concrete,”
Enginering Structures, vol. 17, pp. 512-522, 1995.
[9] W. Yeih, R. Huang, J.J. Chang, and C.C. Yang, “A pullout Test for
Determining Interface properties between rebar and concrete,” Advanced
Cement Based Materials, Elsevier, vol.5, pp. 57-65, 1997.
[10] B.S. Hamad and M. Y. Mansour, “bond strength of non-contact tension
lap splices,” American Concrete Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 93, pp.
316-326, 1996.
[11] K. Turk, A. Benli and Y. Calayir, “Bond strength of tension lap-splice in
full scale self-compacting concrete beams,” Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., vol.
32, pp. 377-386, 2008.
[12] S. J Chamberlin, “Spacing of spliced bars in beams,” American Concrete
Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 54, pp. 689-697, 1958.
[13] S.J. Chamberlin, “Spacing of spliced bars in tension pullout,” American
Concrete Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 49, pp. 261-274, 1952.
[14] K.H. Khayat, “Workability, Testing, and Performance of
Self-Consolidating Concrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Journal, vol. 96, issue 3, pp. 346-354, 1999.
[15] R. Kumar, R. Kumar and N. Kumar, “In situ performance of
Self-Compacting Concrete in T-Beams,” Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, ASCE, vol. 21, pp. 103-109, 2009.
[16] A. Castel, T. Vidal, K. Viriyametanont and R. Francois, “Effect of
Reinforcing Bar Orientation and Location on Bond with
Self-Consolidating Concrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Journal, vol. 103, issue 4, pp. 559-567, 2006.
[17] M. Valcuende and C. Parra, “Bond behavior of reinforcement in
self-compacting concretes,” Construction and Building Materials,
Elsevier, vol. 23, issue 1, pp. 162-170, 2009.
[18] Fernando Menezes de Almeida Filho , Mounir K. El Debs and Ana Lucia
h.C. El Debs, “Bond Slip behavior of self-compacting concrete and
Normal Concrete using pullout and beam tests,” Materials and Structures,
vol. 41, pp. 1073-1089, 2008.
[19] A. Forougli-Asl, S. Dilmaghami and H. Famili, “Bond Strength of
Reinforcement Steel in Self-Compacting Concrete,” International Journal
of Civil Engineering, vol. 6, issue 1, pp. 24-33, 2008.
[20] T. J. Looney, M. Arezoumandi, J. S. Volz and John J. Myers, “An
Experimental Study on Bond Strength of Reinforcing Steel in
Self-Consolidating Concrete,” International Journal of Concrete
Structures and Materials, 2012.
[21] Y Inoue and K. Nagai, “Numerical Simulation of Fracture Pattern and
Bond Performance of Anchorage in Reinforced Concrete,” Proceedings
of Twelfth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering 12
(EASEC12), 2011 (in CD-ROM).
[22] M. Harajili, B. Hamad and K. Karam, “Bond-Slip response of reinforcing
bars embedded in Plain and Fiber Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, vol. 14, issue 6, pp. 503-511, 2002
[23] JSCE Guidelines for Concrete, “Standard Specifications for Concrete
Structures-Design”, vol. 15, 2007.
[24] JIS Test Methods and Specifications, “Standard Specifications for
Concrete Structures, 2005.
[25] H. Okamura, K. Maekawa, and K. Ozawa, “High performance concrete,”
1st ed., Tokyo: Gihou-do, 1993(In Japanese).
[1] H. Okamura and M. Ouchi, “Self-Compacting Concrete,” Journal of
Advanced Concrete Technology, JCI, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 5-15, 2003.
[2] K. Yoshitake, H. Orgura and A. Ogawa, “The effect of vertical and
horizontal position of reinforcement for bond condition in beam-column
joint,” Proceedings of 65th JSCE Annual Conference, pp. 1109-1110,
2010. (in Japanese).
[3] G. Russo and F. Romano, “Cracking response of RC members subjected
to uniaxial tension,” Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, vol. 118,
No.5, pp. 1172-1190, 1992.
[4] B.M. Luccioni, D.E. Lopez and R.F. Danesi, “Bond-Slip in Reinforced
Concrete Elements,” Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, vol. 131,
pp. 1690-1698, 2005.
[5] J. Pedziwiatr, “Influence of Internal cracks on bond on cracked concrete
structures,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 8, pp.
91-105, 2008.
[6] P.G. Gambarova and G. P. R.B. Zasso, “Steel-to-Concrete bond after
concrete splitting: tests results,” Materials and Structures, vol. 22, issue 1,
pp. 35-47, 1989.
[7] Y. Goto, “Cracks formed in concrete around tension bars,” American
Concrete Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 68, issue 68, pp. 244-251, 1971.
[8] A. Azizinamini, M. Chisala and S.K. Ghosh, “Tension development
length of reinforcing bars embedded in high-strength concrete,”
Enginering Structures, vol. 17, pp. 512-522, 1995.
[9] W. Yeih, R. Huang, J.J. Chang, and C.C. Yang, “A pullout Test for
Determining Interface properties between rebar and concrete,” Advanced
Cement Based Materials, Elsevier, vol.5, pp. 57-65, 1997.
[10] B.S. Hamad and M. Y. Mansour, “bond strength of non-contact tension
lap splices,” American Concrete Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 93, pp.
316-326, 1996.
[11] K. Turk, A. Benli and Y. Calayir, “Bond strength of tension lap-splice in
full scale self-compacting concrete beams,” Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., vol.
32, pp. 377-386, 2008.
[12] S. J Chamberlin, “Spacing of spliced bars in beams,” American Concrete
Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 54, pp. 689-697, 1958.
[13] S.J. Chamberlin, “Spacing of spliced bars in tension pullout,” American
Concrete Institute (ACI) Journal, vol. 49, pp. 261-274, 1952.
[14] K.H. Khayat, “Workability, Testing, and Performance of
Self-Consolidating Concrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Journal, vol. 96, issue 3, pp. 346-354, 1999.
[15] R. Kumar, R. Kumar and N. Kumar, “In situ performance of
Self-Compacting Concrete in T-Beams,” Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, ASCE, vol. 21, pp. 103-109, 2009.
[16] A. Castel, T. Vidal, K. Viriyametanont and R. Francois, “Effect of
Reinforcing Bar Orientation and Location on Bond with
Self-Consolidating Concrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Journal, vol. 103, issue 4, pp. 559-567, 2006.
[17] M. Valcuende and C. Parra, “Bond behavior of reinforcement in
self-compacting concretes,” Construction and Building Materials,
Elsevier, vol. 23, issue 1, pp. 162-170, 2009.
[18] Fernando Menezes de Almeida Filho , Mounir K. El Debs and Ana Lucia
h.C. El Debs, “Bond Slip behavior of self-compacting concrete and
Normal Concrete using pullout and beam tests,” Materials and Structures,
vol. 41, pp. 1073-1089, 2008.
[19] A. Forougli-Asl, S. Dilmaghami and H. Famili, “Bond Strength of
Reinforcement Steel in Self-Compacting Concrete,” International Journal
of Civil Engineering, vol. 6, issue 1, pp. 24-33, 2008.
[20] T. J. Looney, M. Arezoumandi, J. S. Volz and John J. Myers, “An
Experimental Study on Bond Strength of Reinforcing Steel in
Self-Consolidating Concrete,” International Journal of Concrete
Structures and Materials, 2012.
[21] Y Inoue and K. Nagai, “Numerical Simulation of Fracture Pattern and
Bond Performance of Anchorage in Reinforced Concrete,” Proceedings
of Twelfth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering 12
(EASEC12), 2011 (in CD-ROM).
[22] M. Harajili, B. Hamad and K. Karam, “Bond-Slip response of reinforcing
bars embedded in Plain and Fiber Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, vol. 14, issue 6, pp. 503-511, 2002
[23] JSCE Guidelines for Concrete, “Standard Specifications for Concrete
Structures-Design”, vol. 15, 2007.
[24] JIS Test Methods and Specifications, “Standard Specifications for
Concrete Structures, 2005.
[25] H. Okamura, K. Maekawa, and K. Ozawa, “High performance concrete,”
1st ed., Tokyo: Gihou-do, 1993(In Japanese).
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:65124", author = "Umair Baig and Kohei Nagai", title = "Effect of Self-Compacting Concrete and Aggregate Size on Anchorage Performance at Highly Congested Reinforcement Regions ", abstract = "At highly congested reinforcement regions, which is common at beam-column joint area, clear spacing between parallel bars becomes less than maximum normal aggregate size (20mm) which has not been addressed in any design code and specifications. Limited clear spacing between parallel bars (herein after thin cover) is one of the causes which affect anchorage performance. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to understand anchorage performance of reinforcement in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Normal Concrete (NC) at highly congested regions under uni-axial tensile loading. Column bar was pullout whereas; beam bars were offset from column reinforcement creating thin cover as per site condition. Two different sizes of coarse aggregate were used for NC (20mm and 10mm). Strain gauges were also installed along the bar in some specimens to understand the internal stress mechanism. Test results reveal that anchorage performance is affected at highly congested reinforcement region in NC with maximum aggregate size 20mm whereas; SCC and Small Aggregate (10mm) gives better structural performance.
", keywords = "Anchorage capacity, bond, Normal Concrete, self-compacting concrete.", volume = "7", number = "9", pages = "676-9", }
