Effect of Network Communication Overhead on the Performance of Adaptive Speculative Locking Protocol
The speculative locking (SL) protocol extends the twophase locking (2PL) protocol to allow for parallelism among conflicting transactions. The adaptive speculative locking (ASL) protocol provided further enhancements and outperformed SL protocols under most conditions. Neither of these protocols consider the impact of network latency on the performance of the distributed database systems. We have studied the performance of ASL protocol taking into account the communication overhead. The results indicate that though system load can counter network latency, it can still become a bottleneck in many situations. The impact of latency on performance depends on many factors including the system resources. A flexible discrete event simulator was used as the testbed for this study.
[1] A. Buchmann, "Real time database systems," in Encyclopedia of
Database Technologies and Applications, L. C. Rivero, J. H. Doorn,
and V. E. Ferraggine, Eds. Information Science Reference, 2005.
[2] S. A. Aldarmi, "Real-time database systems: Concepts and design,"
Master-s thesis, The University of York, April 1998.
[3] K. Eswaran, J. Gray, R. Lorie, and I. Traiger, "The notions of consistency
and predicate locks in a database system," Comm. ACM, vol. 19,
no. 11, pp. 624-633, 1976.
[4] P. K. Reddy and M. Kitsuregawa, "Speculative locking protocols to improve
performance for distributed database systems," IEEE Transactions
on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), vol. 16, no. 2, p. 154,
February 2004.
[5] P. R. Stokes, "Design and simulation of an adaptive concurrency control
protocol for distributed real-time database systems," Master-s thesis,
University of Northern British Columbia, 2007.
[6] W. Haque and P. R. Stokes, "Adaptive speculative locking protocol
for distributed real-time database systems," in Proceedings of the
19th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed
Computing and Systems, 2007, pp. 382-390.
[7] H.-R. Chen and Y. H. Chin, "Scheduling value-based nested transactions
in distributed real-time database systems," Real-Time Systems, vol. 27,
pp. 237-269, September 2004.
[8] S. Kim, S. H. Son, and J. A. Stankovic, "Performance evaluation on
a real-time database," in Proceeding of the Eighth IEEE Real-Time
and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS-02),
September 2002, p. 253.
[9] J. Lindstrom, "Extensions to optimistic concurrency control with time
intervals," in Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Computing
Systems and Applications (RTCSA-00), 2000, p. 108.
[10] J. R. Haritsa and S. Seshadri, "Real-time index concurrency control,"
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE),
vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 429-447, May/June 2000.
[11] V. Kanitkar and A. Delis, "Real-time processing in client-server
databases," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 269-
288, March 2002.
[12] W. Haque, "Simulating concurrency control with deadlock avoidance
in real-time transaction processing," International Journal of Modelling
and Simulation, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 131-142, 2007.
[13] A. Mittal and S. Dandamudi, "Dynamic versus static locking in realtime
parallel database systems," in Parallel and Distributed Processing
Symposium, 2004. Proceedings. 18th International, April 2004, p. 32.
[14] M. Abdouli, B. Sadeg, and L. Amanton, "Scheduling distributed realtime
nested transactions," in Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed
Computing, 2005. ISORC 2005. Eighth IEEE International Symposium
on, May 2005, pp. 208-215.
[15] T. Bai, Y. Liu, and Y. Hu, "Timestamp vector based optimistic concurrency
control protocol for real-time databases," in Wireless Communications,
Networking and Mobile Computing, 2008. WiCOM -08. 4th
International Conference on, Oct 2008, pp. 1-4.
[16] T. Enokido and M. Takizawa, "Concurrency control on distributed objects
using role ordering (ro) scheduler," in Object-Oriented Real-Time
Dependable Systems, 2005. WORDS 2005. 10th IEEE International
Workshop on, Feb 2005, pp. 66-73.
[17] H.-R. Chen and Y. H. Chin, "An adaptive scheduler for distributed realtime
database systems," Information Sciences, vol. 153, no. 1, pp. 55-83,
July 2003.
[18] R. Abbott and H. Garcia-Molina, "Scheduling real-time transactions,"
ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 71-81, March 1988.
[19] J. Huang, J. Stankovic, D. Towsley, and K. Ramamritham, "Experimental
evaluation of real-time transaction processing," in Proceedings of the
Tenth Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1989, pp. 144-153.
[1] A. Buchmann, "Real time database systems," in Encyclopedia of
Database Technologies and Applications, L. C. Rivero, J. H. Doorn,
and V. E. Ferraggine, Eds. Information Science Reference, 2005.
[2] S. A. Aldarmi, "Real-time database systems: Concepts and design,"
Master-s thesis, The University of York, April 1998.
[3] K. Eswaran, J. Gray, R. Lorie, and I. Traiger, "The notions of consistency
and predicate locks in a database system," Comm. ACM, vol. 19,
no. 11, pp. 624-633, 1976.
[4] P. K. Reddy and M. Kitsuregawa, "Speculative locking protocols to improve
performance for distributed database systems," IEEE Transactions
on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), vol. 16, no. 2, p. 154,
February 2004.
[5] P. R. Stokes, "Design and simulation of an adaptive concurrency control
protocol for distributed real-time database systems," Master-s thesis,
University of Northern British Columbia, 2007.
[6] W. Haque and P. R. Stokes, "Adaptive speculative locking protocol
for distributed real-time database systems," in Proceedings of the
19th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed
Computing and Systems, 2007, pp. 382-390.
[7] H.-R. Chen and Y. H. Chin, "Scheduling value-based nested transactions
in distributed real-time database systems," Real-Time Systems, vol. 27,
pp. 237-269, September 2004.
[8] S. Kim, S. H. Son, and J. A. Stankovic, "Performance evaluation on
a real-time database," in Proceeding of the Eighth IEEE Real-Time
and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS-02),
September 2002, p. 253.
[9] J. Lindstrom, "Extensions to optimistic concurrency control with time
intervals," in Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Computing
Systems and Applications (RTCSA-00), 2000, p. 108.
[10] J. R. Haritsa and S. Seshadri, "Real-time index concurrency control,"
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE),
vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 429-447, May/June 2000.
[11] V. Kanitkar and A. Delis, "Real-time processing in client-server
databases," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 269-
288, March 2002.
[12] W. Haque, "Simulating concurrency control with deadlock avoidance
in real-time transaction processing," International Journal of Modelling
and Simulation, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 131-142, 2007.
[13] A. Mittal and S. Dandamudi, "Dynamic versus static locking in realtime
parallel database systems," in Parallel and Distributed Processing
Symposium, 2004. Proceedings. 18th International, April 2004, p. 32.
[14] M. Abdouli, B. Sadeg, and L. Amanton, "Scheduling distributed realtime
nested transactions," in Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed
Computing, 2005. ISORC 2005. Eighth IEEE International Symposium
on, May 2005, pp. 208-215.
[15] T. Bai, Y. Liu, and Y. Hu, "Timestamp vector based optimistic concurrency
control protocol for real-time databases," in Wireless Communications,
Networking and Mobile Computing, 2008. WiCOM -08. 4th
International Conference on, Oct 2008, pp. 1-4.
[16] T. Enokido and M. Takizawa, "Concurrency control on distributed objects
using role ordering (ro) scheduler," in Object-Oriented Real-Time
Dependable Systems, 2005. WORDS 2005. 10th IEEE International
Workshop on, Feb 2005, pp. 66-73.
[17] H.-R. Chen and Y. H. Chin, "An adaptive scheduler for distributed realtime
database systems," Information Sciences, vol. 153, no. 1, pp. 55-83,
July 2003.
[18] R. Abbott and H. Garcia-Molina, "Scheduling real-time transactions,"
ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 71-81, March 1988.
[19] J. Huang, J. Stankovic, D. Towsley, and K. Ramamritham, "Experimental
evaluation of real-time transaction processing," in Proceedings of the
Tenth Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1989, pp. 144-153.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:54208", author = "Waqar Haque and Pai Qi", title = "Effect of Network Communication Overhead on the Performance of Adaptive Speculative Locking Protocol", abstract = "The speculative locking (SL) protocol extends the twophase locking (2PL) protocol to allow for parallelism among conflicting transactions. The adaptive speculative locking (ASL) protocol provided further enhancements and outperformed SL protocols under most conditions. Neither of these protocols consider the impact of network latency on the performance of the distributed database systems. We have studied the performance of ASL protocol taking into account the communication overhead. The results indicate that though system load can counter network latency, it can still become a bottleneck in many situations. The impact of latency on performance depends on many factors including the system resources. A flexible discrete event simulator was used as the testbed for this study.
", keywords = "concurrency control, distributed database systems, speculative locking", volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "367-6", }
