Development of Highly Sensitive System for Measurement and Monitoring of Small Impacts
Developing electronic system for detecting low energy impacts using open source hardware such as Arduino is challenging. A highly efficient loadcell is designed and fabricated. A commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film is used as primary sensor for sensing small impacts. Without modifying hardware, the Arduino board is configured by programming to capture the signal from the film sensor with a resolution better than 1.1 mV. By our system, impact energy as low as 1.8 µJ (corresponds to impact force of 39.9 mN) is reliably and monitored. In the linear zone, sensitivity of the system found to be as high as 20.7 kV/J or 3.3 V/N with a measurement frequency of 500 Hz. The various characteristics such as linearity, hysteresis, repeatability and spectrum analysis are discussed. After calibration, measurements of unknown impact energy and impact force are investigated and results are found to agree well.
[1] L. Song, Y. Zheng, G. Hu, J. Ma, T. Werner, M. Zhao, and F. Fang, “Highly Sensitive, Precise, and Traceable Measurement of Force,” Instru. Sci. Technol., vol. 44, no. 4, 2016, pp. 386-400.
[2] Y. R. Lee, J. H. Shin, I. I. S. Park, K. Rhee, and S. K. Chung, “Energy Harvesting based on Acoustically Oscillating Liquid Droplets,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 231, 2015, pp. 8-14.
[3] Y.R. Wang, J.M. Zheng, G.Y. Ren, P.H. Zhang,C. Xu, “A flexible piezoelectric force sensor based on PVDF fabrics,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 20, 2011, pp. 045009-15.
[4] A. Sahaya Grinspan, R. Gnanamoorthy, “Impact force of low velocity liquid droplets measured using piezoelectric PVDF film,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 356, 2010, pp. 162-168.
[5] Y. Jia, X. Chen, Q. Ni, L. Li, C. Ju, “Dependence of the impact response of polyvinylidene fluoride sensors on their supporting materials’ elasticity,” Sensors, vol. 13, 2013, pp. 8669-8678.
[6] Y. Wang, Y. Gai, L. Kang, J. Qu, “PVDF piezoelectric film based force measuring system,” Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, 2012, pp. 2857-2861.
[7] J. M. Basahi, G. Fipps, M. J. McFarland, “Measuring droplet impact energy with piezoelectric film,” J. Irrig. Drain Eng, vol. 124, 1998, pp. 213-217.
[8] Y.-Y. Chiu, W.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Wang, S.-B. Huang, M.-H. Wu, “Development of a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer-based sensor patch for simultaneous heartbeats and respiration monitoring,” Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 189, 2013, pp. 328-334.
[9] F. Wang, M. Tanaka, S. Chonan, “Development of a PVDF piezopolymer sensor for uncostrained in-sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 14, 2012, pp. 185-190.
[10] A. Kimoto, N. Sugitani, “A new sensing method based on PVDF film for material detection,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 21, 2010, pp. 075202-8.
[11] Y. Mneng, W. Yi, “Application of a PVDF-based stress gauge in determining dynamic stress-strain curves of concrete under impact testing,” Smart Mater. Struct.vol. 20, 2011, pp. 065004-10.
[12] A. Sutor, R. Lerch, H.-P. Hohe, M. Gavesi, “New CMOS-compatible mechanical shear stress sensor,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 1, 2001, pp. 345-351.
[13] A.V. Shirinov, W.K. Schomburg, “Pressure sensor from a PVDF film,” Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 142, 2008, pp. 48-55.
[14] D. Vatansever, R.L. Hadimani, T. Shah, E. Siores, “An investigation of energy harvesting from renewable sources with PVDF and PZT,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 20, 2011, pp. 055019-055025.
[15] Z. Chen, Y. Shen, N. Xi, X. Tan, “Integrated sensing for ionic polymer-metal composite actuators using PVDF thin films,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 16, 2007, pp. S262-S271.
[16] K.J. Kim, Y.M. Chang, S. Yoon, H.J. Kim, “A novel piezoelectric PVDF film-based physiological sensing belt for a complementary respiration and heartbeat monitoring system,” Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol. 107, 2009, pp. 53–68.
[17] Y. Fu, E.C. Harvey, M.K. Ghantasala, G.M. Spinks, “Design, fabrication and testing of piezoelectric polymer PVDF microactuators,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 15, 2006, pp. S141–S146.
[18] B.L.F. Daku, E.M.A. Mohamed, A.F. Prugger, “A PVDF transducer for low-frequency acceleration measurements,” ISA Transactions, vol. 43, 2004, pp. 319-328.
[19] M.A. Nearing, J.M. Bradford, R.D. Holtz, “Measurement of force vs time relations for water drop impact,” Soil Sci. Soc. AM. J, vol. 50, 1986, pp. 1532-1536.
[20] Y. Fujii, “Measurement of steep impulse response of a force transducer,” Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 14, 2003, pp. 65-69.
[21] Y. C. Wang, Y. W. Chen, “Application of piezoelectric PVDF film to the measurement of impulsive forces generated by cavitation bubble collapse near a solid boundary,” Experimental thermal and Fluid science, vol. 32, 2007, pp. 403-414.
[1] L. Song, Y. Zheng, G. Hu, J. Ma, T. Werner, M. Zhao, and F. Fang, “Highly Sensitive, Precise, and Traceable Measurement of Force,” Instru. Sci. Technol., vol. 44, no. 4, 2016, pp. 386-400.
[2] Y. R. Lee, J. H. Shin, I. I. S. Park, K. Rhee, and S. K. Chung, “Energy Harvesting based on Acoustically Oscillating Liquid Droplets,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 231, 2015, pp. 8-14.
[3] Y.R. Wang, J.M. Zheng, G.Y. Ren, P.H. Zhang,C. Xu, “A flexible piezoelectric force sensor based on PVDF fabrics,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 20, 2011, pp. 045009-15.
[4] A. Sahaya Grinspan, R. Gnanamoorthy, “Impact force of low velocity liquid droplets measured using piezoelectric PVDF film,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 356, 2010, pp. 162-168.
[5] Y. Jia, X. Chen, Q. Ni, L. Li, C. Ju, “Dependence of the impact response of polyvinylidene fluoride sensors on their supporting materials’ elasticity,” Sensors, vol. 13, 2013, pp. 8669-8678.
[6] Y. Wang, Y. Gai, L. Kang, J. Qu, “PVDF piezoelectric film based force measuring system,” Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, 2012, pp. 2857-2861.
[7] J. M. Basahi, G. Fipps, M. J. McFarland, “Measuring droplet impact energy with piezoelectric film,” J. Irrig. Drain Eng, vol. 124, 1998, pp. 213-217.
[8] Y.-Y. Chiu, W.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Wang, S.-B. Huang, M.-H. Wu, “Development of a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer-based sensor patch for simultaneous heartbeats and respiration monitoring,” Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 189, 2013, pp. 328-334.
[9] F. Wang, M. Tanaka, S. Chonan, “Development of a PVDF piezopolymer sensor for uncostrained in-sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 14, 2012, pp. 185-190.
[10] A. Kimoto, N. Sugitani, “A new sensing method based on PVDF film for material detection,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 21, 2010, pp. 075202-8.
[11] Y. Mneng, W. Yi, “Application of a PVDF-based stress gauge in determining dynamic stress-strain curves of concrete under impact testing,” Smart Mater. Struct.vol. 20, 2011, pp. 065004-10.
[12] A. Sutor, R. Lerch, H.-P. Hohe, M. Gavesi, “New CMOS-compatible mechanical shear stress sensor,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 1, 2001, pp. 345-351.
[13] A.V. Shirinov, W.K. Schomburg, “Pressure sensor from a PVDF film,” Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 142, 2008, pp. 48-55.
[14] D. Vatansever, R.L. Hadimani, T. Shah, E. Siores, “An investigation of energy harvesting from renewable sources with PVDF and PZT,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 20, 2011, pp. 055019-055025.
[15] Z. Chen, Y. Shen, N. Xi, X. Tan, “Integrated sensing for ionic polymer-metal composite actuators using PVDF thin films,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 16, 2007, pp. S262-S271.
[16] K.J. Kim, Y.M. Chang, S. Yoon, H.J. Kim, “A novel piezoelectric PVDF film-based physiological sensing belt for a complementary respiration and heartbeat monitoring system,” Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol. 107, 2009, pp. 53–68.
[17] Y. Fu, E.C. Harvey, M.K. Ghantasala, G.M. Spinks, “Design, fabrication and testing of piezoelectric polymer PVDF microactuators,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 15, 2006, pp. S141–S146.
[18] B.L.F. Daku, E.M.A. Mohamed, A.F. Prugger, “A PVDF transducer for low-frequency acceleration measurements,” ISA Transactions, vol. 43, 2004, pp. 319-328.
[19] M.A. Nearing, J.M. Bradford, R.D. Holtz, “Measurement of force vs time relations for water drop impact,” Soil Sci. Soc. AM. J, vol. 50, 1986, pp. 1532-1536.
[20] Y. Fujii, “Measurement of steep impulse response of a force transducer,” Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 14, 2003, pp. 65-69.
[21] Y. C. Wang, Y. W. Chen, “Application of piezoelectric PVDF film to the measurement of impulsive forces generated by cavitation bubble collapse near a solid boundary,” Experimental thermal and Fluid science, vol. 32, 2007, pp. 403-414.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:76279", author = "Priyanka Guin and Dibyendu Chatterjee and Arijit Roy", title = "Development of Highly Sensitive System for Measurement and Monitoring of Small Impacts", abstract = "Developing electronic system for detecting low energy impacts using open source hardware such as Arduino is challenging. A highly efficient loadcell is designed and fabricated. A commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film is used as primary sensor for sensing small impacts. Without modifying hardware, the Arduino board is configured by programming to capture the signal from the film sensor with a resolution better than 1.1 mV. By our system, impact energy as low as 1.8 µJ (corresponds to impact force of 39.9 mN) is reliably and monitored. In the linear zone, sensitivity of the system found to be as high as 20.7 kV/J or 3.3 V/N with a measurement frequency of 500 Hz. The various characteristics such as linearity, hysteresis, repeatability and spectrum analysis are discussed. After calibration, measurements of unknown impact energy and impact force are investigated and results are found to agree well.
", keywords = "Arduino, impact energy, impact force, measurement system, PVDF film sensor.", volume = "11", number = "6", pages = "760-7", }
